ADS系统中少錒系核素的灵敏度分析

为了确定加速器驱动系统中少錒系核素的核数据的不确定性对此系统中积分参数的影响, 选择一铅 铋冷却次临界系统来进行分析, 选择不同的微观评价库CENDL 3.0 , JENDL 3.2及ENDF/B VI.6, 并只考虑20 MeV以下的中子产额, 来计算次临界系统的积分参数. 以ENDF/B VI.2 库的计算结果作为参考结果, 依次用CENDL 3.0库及JENDL 3.2库中相应的錒系核素替换ENDF/B VI.6 库中的錒系核素, 计算了次临界系统的Keff值及反应率, 并就变换主要錒系核素时对所计算的Keff值及反应率的影响进行了分析、 比对. 在堆芯处, 当改变錒系核素时Keff值总的变化为30%, CENDL 3.0的238Pu的弹性散射反应率比ENDF/B VI 库的结果高出10%, ENDF/B VI 库的242Am的裂变率超过了CENDL 3.0库的15%. In order to investigate the effect of minior actinide data on integral parameter, the accelerator driven minior actinide benchmark system was selected in this work. The library based on ENDF/B VI.2 was used for the reference calculation. The sensitivities were examined by exchanging the minior actinides of CENDL 3.0 and JENDL 3.2 one after another. The Keff values and reaction rates were calculated. According to the comparisons, the difference in Keff from the refrence is more than 3‰, and the fission reaction rate of 242Am is about 15% lower than those of reference results. The elastic scattering reaction rate of 238Pu of CENDL 3.0 is about 10% larger than those of ENDF/B VI.     

ADS堆功率控制研究及其在DCS系统的实施

研究了基于加速器束流强度调节来控制中国加速器驱动嬗变研究装置(CiADS)次临界堆功率的方法.束流强度的调节是通过比较堆功率的测量值和设定值,由PID(比例-积分-微分)控制器自动控制可调光阑的孔径大小完成的.为了评估所提出的自动控制方法,基于点堆动力学方程建立了CiADS次临界堆堆芯模型.基于CiADS堆芯模型的仿真...     

核电站乏燃料对生物圈的影响及ADS 对策

介绍了核电发展状况和核电产生的乏燃料中的锕系及长寿命裂变产物核素, 在毒性方面评述了这些核素对生物圈的影响, 最后提出用加速器驱动的次临界系统嬗变核废物的对策, 以减轻或消除核废物对生物圈的影响。 The current status of nuclear power development and the actinides and some Long Lived Fission Products (LLFPs) in nuclear power spent fuel have been introduced. The radiation effect of spent fuel on biological circle in the viewpoint of Biological Hazard Potential (BHP) and Annual Limit of Intake were evaluated. The Accelerator Driven Sub critical System （ADS） as a strategy to transmute Minor Actinides (MAs) and LLFPs was recommended in order to reduce or eliminate the radiation effect of spent fuel on biological circle.     

MCADS程序的开发和ADS基准题计算

由于加速器驱动次临界堆存在外中子源,堆芯结构复杂,中子注量的各向异性严重,所以相关燃耗计算在次临界系统设计中起着重要作用。为实现次临界系统的燃耗计算,结合粒子输运程序MCNP处理复杂几何和燃耗程序LITAC处理核素全面的特点,开发了接口程序MCADS耦合MCNP和LITAC。然后选取IAEA-ADS基准题对耦合程序进行了验证计算。结果表明,燃耗、外源强度、空泡效应、初始功率分布等方面的计算结果和其他国家的计算结果相比有很好的一致性,证实了MCADS在次临界模式计算中的可靠性。     

ADS注入器Ⅱ超导螺线管的初步测试

介绍了加速器驱动次临界系统（ADS）注入器Ⅱ束流聚焦单元超导螺线管的初步测试。 该测试在高度1 600 mm、 直径510 mm的垂直杜瓦中, 利用型号为cryogenic sms的超导电源对磁体进行了励磁, 并利用霍尔探头测试了其轴向磁场分布情况和漏场情况, 其中心磁场励磁后可达8.20 T, 漏场分布和计算值的相对误差小于10%。 同时, 对励磁过程中骨架的应力应变状态做了测试。 对测试结果的分析表明, 骨架结构设计合理, 应变状态变化平稳, 磁体低温稳定性能良好。The preliminary test of the superconducting solenoid for ADS injectorⅡhas been carried out in order to measure its performances. A vertical dewar with height 1 600 mm and outer diameter 510 mm was employed for this test. The magnet was energized by a cryogenic sms superconducting magnet current source. The axial magnetic distribution and leakage field were also tested through hall probes. The center field can be excited up to 8.20 T and the relative diviation between the measured value and the calculated value of the stray and leakage field is less than 10%. The measurements of the strain and stress status of the magnet skeleton show that the distortion is small and the mechanical performance is robust.     

ADS瞬态分析中的概率论-确定论耦合方法

针对加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)瞬态问题,采用预估校正改进准静态方法(PCQS)处理时空中子动力学方程中的时间自变量,采用蒙特卡罗方法处理相应的空间-角度-能量自变量,重点解决了低次临界度下模拟计算不稳定的问题,验证了TWGIL-Seed-Blanket动力学基准问题和小型模拟ADS问题,得到瞬态过程的功率变化结果,与基于其他方法的程序比较,经初步验证取得了较好结果,证明了该耦合方法可行。     

生物芯片检测系统中荧光信号强度及系统灵敏度分析

从生物芯片荧光信号检测系统结构出发,分析了荧光信号强度与激发光光学系统特性,荧光收集光学系统特性及构成系统的各元件的参量间的关系.建立了荧光信号强度与检测系统中各参量间的表达式,以及对系统灵敏度进行了分析.建立了系统最少可检测的荧光分子数与各参量的函数关系,并对所设计的悬浮生物芯片检测装置的系统灵敏度进行了估算,其灵敏度在曝光时间为1 s时可达7.9个荧光分子/μm2.     

加速器驱动次临界系统中堆外中子注量率监测方法（英文）

在加速器驱动的次临界（ADS）系统中,次临界反应堆的功率控制是通过控制束流强度来实现。监测堆外中子注量率,不仅提供了反应堆功率指示,也为反应堆保护系统在启动和运行阶段提供了重要的监测信息,因此,堆外中子注量率的监测在ADS系统的控制与保护中起着非常重要的作用。采用3套裂变室和3套非补偿电离室来监测ADS堆外中子注量率。由于裂变室有脉冲、电流和均方电压3种操作模式,1套裂变室可以监测源量程、中间量程和功率量程等宽范围的反应堆功率。所以,使用的监测方法有3个优点,即:增加了监测通道的冗余度,提高了保护系统的可靠性,以及能提供更多的轴向功率分布信息。由于这些中子探测器对中子能谱很敏感,提出了一种有效的校准方法,即先用一个标准的中子源校准这些中子探测器,然后再将中子注量率除以一个修正因素。基于Geant4仿真结果显示,所提取的裂变室和非补偿电离室的修正因素分别为5和42。In an accelerator driven sub-critical (ADS) system, power control in sub-critical reactor is achieved through the control of the beam current. Excore neutron flux monitoring in an ADS system, not only provides indication of reactor power, but also provides important inputs to reactor protection system during startup and power operation, and thus plays a very important role in the control and protection of ADS system. This paper presents the excore neutron flux monitoring method which uses three fission chambers (FCs) and three uncompensated ion chambers (UICs). With three operation modes, pulse mode, current mode, and mean square voltage mode, an FC can monitor reactor power over a wide range from the source range to the intermediate and power ranges. The proposed monitoring method increases the redundancy of independent monitoring channels, improves the reliability of the protection system, and provides more information on axial power distribution. Since these neutron detectors are sensitive to the neutron energy spectrum, we propose an effective calibration method to provide the exact value of neutron flux, i.e., these neutron detectors are calibrated with a standardized neutron source, and then, a correction factor is added in the calibration by comparing the neutron energy spectrum of the neutron source with that in ADS system. Based on Geant4 simulation, the correction factors of 5 and 42 are extracted for FCs and UICs, respectively.     

利用QMD分析中高能质子入射208Pb的(p,xn)反应双微分截面

中高能质子入射重金属靶产生散裂中子是加速器驱动洁净核能系统的一个关键部分.利用量子分子动力学(QMD)模型研究入射质子能量在300MeV—1.5GeV,散裂靶为²⁰⁸Pb的(p,xn)核反应的双微分截面,QMD计算结果很好再现了实验数据,且QMD的计算结果明显优于HETC和LAHET.QMD在较宽的能区和核区满足加速器驱动洁净核能系统散裂靶物理计算的要求.     

中国加速器驱动系统的中能传输线-2设计

中能传输线-2（MEBT2）在中国加速器驱动次临界系统（CADS）1.5 GeV加速器的前端具有非常重要的作用。介绍了MEBT2设计思路和束流动力学分析。MEBT2的设计和模拟均使用多粒子跟踪程序TraceWin完成。给出了可以完成束流传输和匹配的消色散MEBT2设计方案。模拟结果显示:在经过此方案所设计的MEBT2后,束流横向和纵向的发射度分别有5%和13%的增长,在此系统可接受的发射度增长范围内。     

启明星实验装置设计方案中Keff与最优化参数的计算

在验证加速器驱动系统的启明星实验装置的设计方案中,利用蒙特卡罗程序(MCNP)对有效增殖系数Keff进行了计算,并对与Keff密切相关的热区燃料元件栅距和热区厚度进行了最优参数的计算。结果表明,启明星实验装置的Keff能够达到设计的目标。     

加速器驱动的反应堆系统固态钨靶的优化研究

文中就加速器驱动的反应堆系统靶的几何设计、泄漏中子产额、泄漏中子能谱及靶中能量沉积问题进行了研究.提出了钨饼与水层组成的组合靶概念,在中子产额影响较小的情况下,较好地解决了固态靶散热问题.     

兰州320kV高压平台低能核天体物理实验研究进展(英文)

在低温核天体物理环境下,如静态核稳定燃烧阶段的核反应都发生较低的能区,其伽莫夫窗口内的核反应截面非常小,这就需要加速器提供较强束流才能完成核反应截面的直接测量。最近在中国科学院近代物理的320 kV高压平台上建立了低能核天体物理实验室以及相应的研究平台。驱动该平台的是一个14.5 GHz的永磁铁型ECR离子源,它能够提供非常强的束流离子。对于质子和氦离子,离子源出口的最大流强可以达到100 eμA,在实验终端上可以获得大约30 eμA的流强。基于此强流加速器装置,我们建立了核天体物理实验测量装置,包括靶室以及带电粒子和伽玛射线探测器等设备。利用已知的核反应对探测器性能和实验方法进行了一系列测试。同时,展示了近年来取得的一些主要实验结果。最后,对该平台上开展工作的前景进行了展望,并指出基于该地面装置的低能核反应研究所积累的技术及经验对于我国锦屏深地核天体物理JUNA项目的重要意义。For the hydrostatic stable burning in stars, the Gamow window is well below the Coulomb barriers for the charged-particle-induced nuclear reaction involved. Such nuclear reaction occurs through the quantum-mechanics tunneling effect, and its cross section drops rapidly approaching the Gamow window. An accelerator which can provide intense beam current is thus required to directly measure the reactions at low energies. An experimental setup for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies has been recently established at a 320 kV high-voltage platform of the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Lanzhou, China. The driver machine of this platform is a very strong ECR ion source employing all-permanent magnets, which can typically supply up to about 100 eμA proton, alpha and many other heavy ions, and ultimately about 30 eμA currents can be achieved at the experimental terminal. The experimental setup includes a target chamber, and the charged-particle and γ-ray HPGe detectors. This work describes the setup established, characteristics of detectors, methodologies, and test results of several reactions with known cross sections. Furthermore, some important results published are shown briefly. We believe that the experimental technologies developed and experiences accumulated at this above-ground platform will be extremely helpful for the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics laboratory (JUNA) project in China.     

固体核磁共振技术在锡硅分子筛表征中的应用

生物质等绿色资源的高效转化利用是催化科学的重要发展方向.锡硅分子筛因具有优良的催化性能而得到相关研究者的普遍关注.准确构建催化剂活性中心结构/酸性与催化反应性能之间的构效关系是新型高效催化剂设计与研发的基础.固体核磁共振（NMR）是研究分子筛活性中心局域结构、酸特性与催化反应机理的重要手段.本文简述了近年来固体NMR技术在锡硅分子筛研究领域的一系列主要进展,并进行了展望.     

普通/ORS模式-ICP-MS法测定动物血液和组织中硒的比较

采用ICP-MS法测定动物血液和组织中硒,方法简便、快速、准确、检出限低.实验比较了样品消解方法、同位素的选择以及普通模式和ORS模式的差异,为同类样品的测定提供了参考.普通模式通过采用干扰方程,有效消除了82Kr 对82Se产生的干扰,选用82Se测定,测定结果准确可靠;ORS模式通过H2-碰撞反应池有效地消除了分子离子干扰,选用78Se测定,大大降低了检出限.普通模式的检出限为0.024 ng·g-1,ORS模式的检出限为0.004 6 ng·g-1.两种方法的相对标准偏差均在1.8%～5.5%范围内,回收率为90.8%～107.2%.     

利用核磁共振资料定量评价页岩孔隙结构

页岩气储层的孔隙结构复杂且非均质性较强,导致储层表征及有效性评价面临极大挑战.为了建立页岩气储层孔隙结构的定量评价方法,本文选取了鄂西宜昌地区陡山沱组二段20块岩心,采用0.069 ms的回波间隔开展饱含盐水状态下的核磁共振（NMR）实验.在此基础上,对T₂谱进行了多重分形特征分析,提取了对页岩气储层孔隙结构较敏感的参数,并建立了基于最小与最大广义分维数差值（D_min-D_max）和谱宽（Δα）划分页岩气储层类型的方法及标准.该方法对于有效提高页岩气储层的预测精度、指导开发选层等具有重要意义.     

Neutron activation cross section data library

To satisfy the requirements of nuclear reaction cross sections in nuclear engineering applications and nuclear physics studies, the Neutron Activation Cross Section Data Library has been established. 818 target nuclei including unstable target or isomeric target nuclei are considered in this library. The induced neutron energy range region is between 10^-5 eV and 20 MeV. The standard ENDF-6 format is adopted, including general information, reaction cross sections, multiplicities, and so on. The recommended reaction cross sections were obtained using UNF code system and FDRR nuclear model codes or systematic analysis based on available experimental data. The full evaluated dataset containing the evaluated activation cross sections is openly available at http://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00024.     

MM工质热分解及其对ORC系统影响的研究

热稳定性是限制有机工质在有机朗肯循环(Organic Rankine Cycle,ORC)使用的重要因素。硅氧烷类工质具有低毒环保、化学性质稳定等优点,适用于150~350℃热源。本文研究了六甲基二硅氧烷(MM)工质热分解的特点及其对ORC系统的影响,结果表明,MM的热分解产物为硅氧烷类化合物及微量气态小分子碳氢化合物;热分解将导致系统性能下降,分解量足够大时,会出现蒸发器换热不充分导致膨胀机入口处工质干度低于1从而影响机组安全的问题。