Evolution of Wave Disturbances in the Upper Ionosphere. Part III

This paper continues our studies of propagation of plasma-density disturbances in the upper ionosphere. The frequency dependence of the disturbance amplification is considered. Some phenomena found by modeling of the propagation are pointed out and explained. The problem is analyzed using the geometrical-optics and dispersion-equation methods. Physical interpretation of the modeling results is presented.     

Evolution of wave disturbances in the upper ionosphere. Part II

A theoretical analysis of the vertical propagation of large-scale wave disturbances in the F region and outer ionosphere is presented. The analysis has included all the major factors influencing the dynamics of the ionospheric plasma under mid-latitude conditions. It is shown that the disturbances propagating downward in a strongly inhomogeneous medium rise in intensity up to the heights of the F₂-layer maximum and are damped then in the lower layers of the ionosphere. This mechanism can be considered a source responsible for the inhomogeneous structure of the upper ionosphere. State University, Irkutsk, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 1086–1092, September, 1998.     

金电极上氢析出反应的温度效应

用循环伏安法研究了多晶金电极在0.1 mol/L HClO₄和0.1 mol/L KOH中氢析出反应的温度效应．在278～333 K时,随温度和电位的增加氢析出反应电流显著增加, 在酸性溶液中Tafel斜率从118 mV/dec增加到146 mV/dec,超电势从0.2 V增加到0.35 V时,其活化能从37 kJ/mol降低至30 kJ/mol,反应的指前因子比在碱性溶液中的高出一个数量级．在碱性溶液中Tafel斜率约为153±15 mV/dec,且未呈现明显随温度变化的趋势．平衡电位的反应活化能在酸性和碱性溶液中分别约为48和34 kJ/mol．当超电势增加时,在碱性溶液中的指前因子单调增加,在酸性溶液中指前因子不随电位而变化．还讨论了金电极上氢析出反应在酸性和碱性溶液中具有不同的随电势变化的动力学参数的原因及其与反应机理的联系．     

Cascade Calculation of Exotic Hydrogen Atoms Involving Kinetic Energy Evolution

The cascade calculation of the π^?-p atom has been done. The acceleration and deceleration processes are added in standard Borie–Leon's model, and the kinetic energy evolution is completely considered. The X-ray yields and the kinetic energy distribution are investigated.     

钴原子插层增强磷烯纳米片析氢反应活性

本文基于第一性原理计算,证明了钴插层磷烯的析氢催化活性可以显著增强.钴插层磷烯具有金属特性,电荷从钴原子向磷烯转移,增强了磷烯的催化活性.钴插层磷烯表面的氢吸附吉布斯自由能与铂(111)表面相当,与氢覆盖度无关.研究结果表明钴原子插层提供了一种有效的方法来增强磷烯的析氢反应催化活性.     

从银电极上氢析出的温度效应得到的反应动力学启示

利用循环伏安法研究了多晶银电极在0.1 mol/L HClO₄溶液中氢析出反应的温度效应. 发现当从析氢起始电位负向扫描至零电荷电位(-0.4 V)时,氢析出反应的表观活化能(E_a,app)和指前因子(A)均随着电势的负移而增大(对应的E_a,app从24 kJ/mol增大至32 kJ/mol).继续负向扫描至零电荷电位以后,E_a,app随电势的负移而减小但A不随电势变化. 推测E_a,app和A在零     

Cobalt Based Nanoparticles Embedded Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst

Efficient water electrolysis catalyst is highly demanded for the production of hydrogen as a sustainable energy fuel. It is reported that cobalt derived nanoparticle (CoS₂, CoP, CoS|P) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite aerogel catalysts for highly active and reliable hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts. 7 nm level cobalt derived nanoparticles are synthesized over graphene aerogel surfaces with excellent surface coverage and maximal expose of active sites. CoS|P/rGO hybrid aerogel composites show an excellent catalytic activity with overpotential of ≈169 mV at a current density of ≈10 mA cm^?2. Accordingly, efficient charge transfer is attained with Tafel slope of ≈52 mV dec^?1 and a charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of ≈12 Ω. This work suggests a viable route toward ultrasmall, uniform nanoparticles decorated graphene surfaces with well‐controlled chemical compositions, which can be generally useful for various applications commonly requiring large exposure of active surface area as well as robust interparticle charger transfer.     

NiSb纳米颗粒的热液路线制备及电催化析氢性能研究

本文发展了一种简单经济的过渡金属锑化物热液合成路线,在160 oC的温和条件下,由商业易得的乙酰丙酮基镍和三苯基铋在油胺介质中还原制备出NiSb纳米颗粒. 反应中,还原剂甲硼烷-叔丁基胺络合物的使用能够有效促进金属源的快速还原,用以促进NiSb纳米颗粒的生成. 结构表征显示,所制备的NiSb产物为六方相(空间群P6₃/mmc)颗粒状纳米晶,其粒径约为10 nm. 该合成方法可拓展用于CoSb和Ag₃Sb等纳米颗粒的温和制备. 电催化析氢性能研究显示,NiSb纳米颗粒具有良好的电化学析氢反应性能. 结果显示,当阴极电流密度达到50 mA/cm²和10 mA/cm²时所需要的过电位分别为531和437 mV. 同时,NiSb纳米颗粒还具有较小的电荷转移阻抗和优良的循环稳定性能.