Die Perthioborate RbBS3, TIBS3 und TI3B3S10

The Perthioborates RbBS₃, TIBS₃, and Tl₃B₃S₁₀ . RbBS₃ (P2₁/c, a=7.082(2) Å, b=11.863(4) Å, c=5.794(2) Å, β=106.54(2)°) was prepared as colourless, plate-shaped crystals by reaction of stoichiometric amounts of rubidium sulfide, boron, and sulfur at 600°C and subsequent annealing. TlBS₃ (P2₁/c, a=6.874(3) Å, b=11.739(3) Å, c=5.775(2) Å, β=113.08(2)°) which is isotypic with RbBS₃ was synthesized from a sample of the composition Tl₂S · 2 B₂S₃. The glassy product which was obtained after 7 h at 850°C was annealed in a two zone furnace for 400 h at 400→350°C. Yellow crystals of TlBS₃ formed at the warmer side of the furnace. Tl₃B₃S₁₀ (P1 , a=6.828(2) Å, b=7.713(2) Å, c=13.769(5) Å, α=104.32(2)°, β=94.03(3)°, γ=94.69(2)°) was prepared as yellow plates from stoichiometric amounts of thallium sulfide, boron, and sulfur at 850°C and subsequent annealing. All compounds contain tetrahedrally coordinated boron. The crystal structures consist of polymeric anion chains. In the case of RbBS₃ and TlBS₃ nonplanar five-membered B₂S₃ rings are spirocyclically connected via the boron atoms. To obtain the anionic structure of Tl₃B₃S₁₀ every third B₂S₃ ring of the polymeric chains of MBS₃ is to be substituted by a six-membered B(S₂)₂B ring.     

Tetraazadibora[3, 3]paracyclophane

Starting from the para‐phenylenediamine derivative HN(SiMe₃)‐C₆H₄‐NH(SiMe₃), a lithiation and subsequent borylation give [(MeO)₂B]N(SiMe₃)‐C₆H₄‐N(SiMe₃)[B(OMe)₂] ( 1 ), the hydridation of which yields Li₂[(H₃B)N(SiMe₃)‐C₆H₄‐N(SiMe₃)(BH₃)] ( 2 ). Applying ZrCl₄ upon 2 initiates a condensation to give the title compound [‐N(SiMe₃)‐p‐C₆H₄‐N(SiMe₃)‐BH‐]₂, a hetero[3, 3]paracyclophane with two N‐B‐N chains that connect the para‐phenylene units. The product 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁.     

Zur Kenntnis der ionischen Ozonide P(CH3)4O3 und As(CH3)4O3

On the Knowledge of the New Ionic Ozonides P(CH₃)₄O₃ and As(CH₃)₄O₃ P(CH₃)₄O₃ and As(CH₃)₄O₃ were prepared via ion exchange in liquid ammonia and characterized by X-ray-powder, IR, MS and DTA techniques. P(CH₃)₄O₃ and As(CH₃)₄O₃ are isotypic and have a wurtzite-like arrangement of ions with rotationally disordered O₃^?. (Powder data: P6₃mc; P(CH₃)₄O₃: a = 687.8(2), c = 964.6(3) pm; As(CH₃)₄O₃: a = 708.6(1), c = 991.0(3) pm). As(CH₃)₄O₃ shows a displacive phase transition at ?135°C. The low temperature phase is orthorhombic (a = 715.8(7), b = 1 209(1), c = 943.3(1) pm).     

Etude du Systeme LiPO3-Pr(PO3)3 Donnees sur LiPr(PO3)4

The LiPO₃-Pr(PO₃)₃ system was studied by micro-differential thermal analysis. The only new compound observed in the system was LiPr(PO₃)₄, melting incongruently at 1246 K. An eutectic appears at 926 K. Crystallographic data and powder diagram of the new compound are given. LiPr(PO₃)₄ crystallizes in the C2/c monoclinic system with unit cell: a=16.428(6), b=7.054(3), c=9.747(4) Å, β=126°31′(3), V=910.2 ų, Z=4. The IR and Raman spectra of this compound are given. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A study on the BF3 directed lithiation of 3-chloro- and 3-bromopyridine

The BF₃-directed lithiation of 3-chloro- and 3-bromopyridine (1a and 1b, respectively) has been investigated. The reactions of 3-chloro- or 3-bromopyridine–BF₃ adduct with LDA (1.3/1.1 equiv) followed by quenching with benzaldehyde or iodine exclusively gave the C-2 substituted products. However, when 2.2 equiv of LDA and dimethyl disulfide was used, a C-6 substituted product was obtained. Dilithiation of 1a and 1b has been studied with and without the involvement of BF₃ complexation. The role of Li?F(BF₃) interactions has been investigated by experimental and DFT calculations.     

Location of the Spinel Vacancies in γ‐Al2O3

A non‐spinel model for the structure of γ‐Al₂O₃, with 25 % of the Al³⁺ cations at tetrahedral positions, has been the subject of wide interest. However, ¹⁷O NMR measurements and, more recently, ²⁷Al NMR measurements have shown that there are considerably more Al³⁺ cations at tetrahedral positions. This means that the Al³⁺ vacancies in γ‐Al₂O₃ are not at tetrahedral but at octahedral positions, as in isostructural γ‐Fe₂O₃ and in accordance with density functional theory predictions. This has consequences with regard to the surface structure of γ‐Al₂O₃, and thus, for catalysis.     

Hydration of C3a in the presence of CaCO3

The hydration of C₃A with and without CaCO₃ was studied. The techniques used were X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, differential thermogravimetry and calorimetry.In the presence of CaCO₃, the hydration of C₃A is accelerated. The hexagonal hydrates are formed first. They react with CaCO₃ to form calcium carboaluminate hydrate. This reaction blocks formation of the cubic hydrate. The latter appears when CaCO₃ is completely consumed.     

Adsorption of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane at platinum electrodes

In this work we studied the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane [HS(CH₂)₃Si(OCH₃)₃] (MPS) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane [H₂N(CH₂)₃Si(OCH₃)₃] (APS) on platinum surfaces. We used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specular reflectance FTIR, and electrochemistry to study the composition and structure of the self-assembly. XPS results of the Pt modified electrodes showed the presence of sulfur and nitrogen binding energy peaks indicating the presence of MPS and APS. The platinum substrates modified with MPS and APS showed IR absorption bands corresponding to the different stretches present in both compounds. Platinum disk electrodes, before and after being submerged in 1 mM solutions of MPS and APS for 24 h, were characterized voltammetrically by using 2.5 mM K₄Fe(CN)₆ in 0.1 M KCl, as the redox active couple. The MPS/Pt system is free of mass transfer effects, which are characteristic of pinhole defects in an MPS monolayer.     

Effect of External Pressure on the Excitation Energy Transfer from [Cr(ox)3]3− to [Cr(bpy)3]3+ in [Rh1−xCrx(bpy)3][NaM1−yCry(ox)3]ClO4

Resonant excitation energy transfer from [Cr(ox)₃]^3? to [Cr(bpy)₃]³⁺ in the doped 3D oxalate networks [Rh_1?xCr_x(bpy)₃][NaM^III_1?yCr_y(ox)₃]ClO₄ (ox=C₂O₄^?, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, M=Al, Rh) is due to two types of interaction, namely super exchange coupling and electric dipole–dipole interaction. The energy transfer probability for both mechanisms is proportional to the spectral overlap of the ²E→⁴A₂ emission of the [Cr(ox)₃]^3? donor and the ⁴A₂→²T₁ absorption of the [Cr(bpy)₃]³⁺ acceptor. The spin‐flip transitions of (pseudo‐)octahedral Cr³⁺ are known to shift to lower energy with increasing pressure. Because the shift rates of the two transitions in question differ, the spectral overlap between the donor emission and the acceptor absorption is a function of applied pressure. For [Rh_1?xCr_x(bpy)₃][NaM_1?yCr_y(ox)₃]ClO₄ the spectral overlap is thus substantially reduced on increasing pressure from 0 to 2.5 GPa. As a result, the energy transfer probability decreases with increasing pressure as evidenced by a decrease in the relative emission intensity from the [Cr(bpy)₃]³⁺ acceptor.     

Bandgap engineering of SrTiO3/NaTaO3 heterojunction for visible light photocatalysis

Hybrid density functional of HSE06 has been adopted to investigate the geometry and electronic properties of SrTiO₃/NaTaO₃ heterostructures in contrast with the cubic SrTiO₃ and cubic NaTaO₃. The SrTiO₃/NaTaO₃ heterostructures with varied monolayers of SrTiO₃ and NaTaO₃ units are constructed, and all the heterojunction systems have the smaller bandgaps as compared with those of pure SrTiO₃ and NaTaO₃. For the (SrTiO₃)_m/(NaTaO₃)_n (m + n = 10) systems, the bandgap decreases in the order of m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, while the bandgap increases in the order of m = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. We also investigate the (SrTiO₃)_m/(NaTaO₃)_m systems (m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), and the calculated results suggest that the (SrTiO₃)₆/(NaTaO₃)₆ system has the smallest bandgap of 2.58 eV in our considered systems. This study indicates the development of SrTiO₃/NaTaO₃ heterojunction is a promising way to improve the photocatalytic activities of SrTiO₃ and NaTaO₃.     

The electronic structure of two novel carbides,Ca3Cl2C3 and Sc3C4, containing C3 units

The triatomic C₃ unit that is known to exist in Mg₂C₃ has recently been found in the new compounds Ca₃Cl₂C₃ and Sc₃C₄. The electronic structure of these compounds is analyzed with the aid of extended Hückel Calculation. A fragment molecular Orbital analysis (FMO) is used to study the bonding characteristic of the C₃ unit in the ionic Ca₃Cl₂C₃, and in Sc₃C₄, the latter Containing C₂ unit and single C atoms as well. Sc₃C₄ Contain partially filled Sc (d) and C₂ bands leading to Metallic conductivity and Pauli Paramagnetism. The C? C bond distance in the diatomic C₂ units is significantly increased (d_{c? c}= 125 pm) relative to C^2?₂ or acetylene, because antibonding π*_g orbitals are partially filled. The unusual bending of the C₃ unit (d_{c? c}= 134 pm) in Sc₃C₄ (175,8°) and in Ca₃Cl₂C₃ (169,0°) is likely to be a result of the packing arrangement in these structures.     

Electrochemical oxidation of 3-imidazoline 3-oxides

Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical oxidation of substituted 3-imidazoline 3-oxides. It was determined that the oxidation potentials (E _p/2) of the compounds depend on the nature of the substituents in the 1 and 4 positions of the ring. A correlation analysis ofE _p/2 of the the compounds and _I and _R of the substituent constants in the 4 position of the ring was carried out. The obtained results show that oxidation of 3-imidazoline 3-oxides can occur at the nitrone or amine fragment, depending on the nature of the substituent in the 1 position of the ring.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2545–2550, November, 1992.     

La3F3[Si3O9]: Das erste Fluoridsilicat aus dem ternären System LaF3/La2O3/SiO2

La₃F₃[Si₃O₉]: The First Fluoride Silicate in the Ternary System LaF₃/La₂O₃/SiO₂ By reacting La₂O₃ with LaF₃ and SiO₂ (silica gel) using CsCl as a flux (molar ratio 1 : 1 : 3 : 6; 700 °C, 21 d) it was possible to obtain single crystals of La₃F₃[Si₃O₉] (hexagonal, space group: P 6 2c (no. 190); a = 708.32(3), c = 1089.48(6) pm; Z = 2) as colourless, hexagonal platelets. The crystal structure comprises discrete cyclic [Si₃O₉]^6– anions of three corner-linked [SiO₄] tetrahedra along with a graphite-like network of the composition {[LaF_3/3]²⁺}. Shorter reaction times even produced single crystals of tysonite-type LaF₃ (trigonal, space group: P 3 c1 (no. 165); a = 718.80(6), c = 735.94(6) pm; Z = 6) on which a X-ray structure analysis was achieved, too. The structures of both compounds, each of which show an elevenfold anionic coordination (CN = 9 + 2) for the La³⁺ cations, are compared. The influence of the reactivity of the educts and the temperature on the reaction as well as the difficulties in the X-ray differentiation of fluorine and oxygen will be discussed.     

反式2-甲基-2-丁烯酸甲酯与臭氧反应机理的计算研究

采用G3B3方法构建反式2-甲基-2-丁烯酸甲酯与O3反应体系以及后续Criegee自由基有、无水分子参与下异构化反应的势能面剖面.结果表明,反式2-甲基-2-丁烯酸甲酯与O3反应首先生成一个稳定的五元环中间体,此中间体按断键位置不同后续裂解反应存在两条路径,分别生成产物P1(CH3CHOO+CH3OC(O)C(CH3)O)和P2(CH3CHO+CH3OC(O)C(CH3)OO).利用经典过渡态理论(TST)并结合Wigner矫正模型计算了200-1200 K温度区间内标题反应的速率常数kTST/W.计算结果显示,294 K时,该反应速率常数为7.55×10-18cm3molecule-1s-1,与Bernard等对类似反应所测实验值非常接近.生成的Criegee自由基(CH3CHOO和CH3OC(O)C(CH3)OO)可分别与水分子发生α-加成及β-氢迁移反应,其中Criegee自由基与水的α-加成反应较其与水的β-氢迁移反应具有优势.另外与无水分子参与CH3CHOO和CH3OC(O)C(CH3)OO异构化反应相比,水分子的参与使得异构化反应较为容易进行.     

An ab initio study of the structures and energetics of CH3OCl and CH3ClO

The equilibrium structures, vibrational spectra, and heats of formation for CH₃OCl and CH₃ClO have been estimated using high levels of ab initio molecular orbital theory. The lowest energy isomer is found to be CH₃OCl, and its heat of formation is estimated to be −13.5±2 kcal mol⁻¹, in good agreement with bond additivity estimates. Results for the CH₃ClO isomer are presented for the first time, and it is found to be 40.5 kcal mol⁻¹ higher in energy relative to CH₃OCl. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 73: 29–35, 1999     

In-situ Synthesis of the Thinnest In2Se3/In2S3/In2Se3 Sandwich-Like Heterojunction for Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting

The efficient utilization of solar energy for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting is a feasible solution for developing clean energy and alleviating environmental issues. However, as the core of PEC technology, the existing photoanode catalysts have disadvantages such as poor photoelectrocatalytic conversion efficiency, low conductivity of photogenerated carriers, and instability. Here, we report the ultrathin two-dimensional sandwich-like (SW) heterojunction of In₂Se₃/In₂S₃/In₂Se₃ (SW In₂S₃@In₂Se₃) for the first time for PEC water splitting. Our findings identify the efficient separation of electrons and holes by constructing SW In₂S₃@In₂Se₃ heterojunction. The in situ synthesis of ultrathin nanosheet arrays by using surface substitution of Se atom to epitaxially grow cell In₂Se₃ maximizes the contact area of heterogeneous interface and accelerates the transmission of charge carrier. Benefitting from the unique structure and composition characteristic, SW In₂S₃@In₂Se₃ displays excellent performance in PEC water splitting. The photocurrent density of SW In₂S₃@In₂Se₃ reaches 8.43 mA cm⁻² at 1.23 V_RHE. Compared with In₂S₃, the SW In₂S₃@In₂Se₃ photoanode has nearly 12 times higher PEC performance, which represents the best performance among the In₂S₃-based photoanode heterojunction reported so far. The evolution rate of O₂ reaches 78.8 μmol cm⁻² h⁻¹, and the photocurrent has no apparent variety within 24 h.     

Theoretical study of stabling function of the NO to the (CH3)3CO · radical

The stabling function of the NO to the (CH₃)₃CO · radical has been theoretically investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to optimize the geometries of relevant species. The single‐point energy is evaluated at CCSD(T)/6‐31++G** level. Three reaction channels of (CH₃)₃CO · + NO in the singlet state are considered. The calculations indicate that NO is a stable reagent of active radical (CH₃)₃CO. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Structures,Vibrational Spectra,and Relative Energetics of CH3COIO3 Isomers

The structures, vibrational spectra, relative energetics, and enthalpies of formation of CH₃COIO₃ isomers have been investigated with B3LYP, B3P86 and B3PW91 methods in conjugation with the 6‐31+G(d), 6‐311+G(d,p) and 6‐311++G(3df,3pd) basis sets. The CH₃COOIO₂ structure was found to be the most stable form among the isomers with an estimated enthalpy of formation of ?314.6 kJ·mol^?1. The enthalpies of formation for CH₃COOOOI, CH₃COOOIO and CH₃COIO₃ are ?180.7, ?184.9 and ?50.6 kJ·mol^?1, respectively. The implication of the formation of CH₃COIO₃ isomers from the atmospheric cross‐reactions of the acetylperoxy (CH₃COO₂) and iodine monoxide (IO) radicals was examined and the possible dissociation products of the most likely CH₃COIO₃ isomers were determined.     

Synthesis of functionalized 3-arylpyridazines via Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of pyridazine-3-carboxylic acids

An efficient and general protocol for the decarboxylative cross-coupling of pyridazine-3-carboxylic acids with aryl-bromides has been described. This method provides a new avenue for the synthesis of 3-arylpyridazines via decarboxylative cross-coupling strategy by employing the dual-catalyst system of Pd(PPh₃)₄/Cu₂O in the presence of Li₂CO₃ at 160 °C in DMA.     

Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Sr3Hg2

Mixtures of strontium and mercury in molar ratios of 7:3 have been annealed for 20 days at 520°C. From the pure product Sr₃Hg₂ single crystals have been obtained. Sr₃Hg₂ crystallizes in the U₃Si₂ type of structure (space group P4/mbm); the cell constants are a = 8.883 (2) Å and c = 4.553(1) Å. All of the Hg atoms are involved in Hg₂ dumbbells with Hg? Hg distances of 3.41 Å.