Laser-excited spectra of Lu2SiO5:Ce scintillator

The emission spectra of Lu₂SiO₅:Ce single crystal under the excitation of 266 nm laser were investigated. The emission spectra of LSO single crystal show no temperature quenching from 20 to 300 K, under the excitation of 266 nm laser with 2 mJ pulse energy. With rising temperature, the Ce1 emission is slightly decreased, while the Ce2 emission is slightly increased. These results show the emissions of Ce1 and Ce2 is not only dependent on the concentration ratio but also influenced by the possible energy transfer processes, including Ce1 to Ce2, intrinsic STHs to Ce2 and the phonon-assisted transfer processes. The spectral thermal broadening and the spectral overlap become evident at high temperature, leading to the enhancement of energy transfer. When the excitation power lowers, the ratio of Ce1 and Ce2 emission increases, and is close to the Xe lamp ultraviolet (UV) excitation, suggesting that the energy transfer from Ce1 center to Ce2 center may be also dependent on the excitation power.     

Fluorescence of Mn2+ in CaCO3

The fluorescence of Mn²⁺ ion as impurity in CaCO₃ has been investigated. Emission bands from the ⁴D(E_g), ⁴D(T_2g) and ⁴G(T_1g) levels have been observed. The analysis of excitation and emission spectra has allowed to obtain the values of field strength (Dq) for the excited energy levels of Mn²⁺ in CaCO₃ lattice. The temperature dependence of excitation and emission spectra yield an activation energy for thermal quenching of luminescence very close to theoretical calculation. The behaviour of luminescence lifetime with temperature has also been obtained.     

The isoscalar strength distribution in 24, 26Mg, 28Si and 40Ca obtained from inelastic alpha scattering at 120 Mev

The inelastic α-scattering reaction at E_α = 120 MeV with an energy resolution of 90–150 keV has been used to investigate isoscalar strength distributions in ^{24, 26}Mg, ²⁸Si and ⁴⁰Ca. For ^{24, 26}Mg and ²⁸Si the E2 strength between E_x = 14 and 27 MeV is strongly fragmented. In ⁴⁰Ca the E2 strength is mainly concentrated near $\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>x</mtext>}}\text{~ 65 A}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}$ MeV, although here the onset of fragmentation can be observed. The sum rule strength for the different multipolarities was obtained by applying for each nucleus an L-dependent normalization procedure. In this way we observed in total in ^{24, 26}Mg, ²⁸Si and ⁴⁰Ca for excitation energies up to 27 MeV an amount of (61⁺⁸_?6), (50⁺⁹_?8), (38⁺⁸_?6) and (94 ± 14)%, respectively, of the isoscalar E2 energy weighted sum rule (EWSR) of which (36⁺⁷_?5), (28⁺⁸_?7), (24⁺⁷_?5) and (74 ± 12)% was found between E_x = 14 and 27 MeV. In addition isoscalar E0, E3 and E4 strength was observed in this excitation energy region. A detailed comparison has been made between the isoscalar quadrupole strength distribution observed in the ^{24, 26}Mg(α, α') reaction and the E2 strength excitation function obtained from radiative α-capture measurements. In the low excitation energy region coupled channel effects have been observed, especially for the excitation of the 3⁺ states. Moreover, a considerable percentage of the 1?ω isoscalar dipole and octupole strength has been observed for excitations below 14 MeV.     

On the luminescence of bismuth aluminate (Bi2Al4O9)

The luminescence of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ in Bi₂Al₄O₉ is reported. It is shown that the Bi³⁺ excitation energy does not migrate through the lattice. The Cr³⁺ ion shows 704.5 nm line emission in this host lattice.     

Line emission of SrBe2Si2O7:Eu2+ and BaBe2Si2O7:Eu2+

The compounds SrBe₂Si₂O₇ and BaBe₂Si₂O₇ both have the barylite structure. With 254 nm excitation, the Eu²⁺-activated compounds give UV emission peaking at 360 nm (Sr) and at 375 nm (Ba). Maximum quantum efficiencies of 40% (Sr) and 65% (Ba) were measured. The emission consists of a 5d-4f band emission as well as 4f-4f line emission, in contrast to many other Eu²⁺-activated oxides which generally show only 5d-4f band emission. At 77°K, both compounds show only the 4f-4f line emission peaking at 360 nm. At higher temperatures, 5d-4f band emission shows up at the cost of the line emission. A thermal equilibrium is assumed between the lowest excited 5d and 4f levels. The energy difference between these levels, calculated from the variation in the line-band intensity ratio with temperature, was computed to be 0.15 eV (Sr) and 0.09 eV (Ba). The occurrence of the line emission in the barylites is correlated with the weakness of the crystal field at the Eu²⁺ ions and with the high quenching temperature of the 5d-4f band emission.     

Fast excited-state relaxation of Eu-Eu pairs in commercial Y2O3: Eu3+ phosphors

Low-temperature, dye-laser excitation spectroscopy of commercial Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ phosphors reveals the presence of complex structure in the excitation lines of the ⁵D₀ and ⁵D₁ manifolds. The structure is associated with the presence of Eu³⁺ ion pairs. The kinetics of the emission decay are observed to be drastically different when excitation occurs either at the center or on the wings of the excitation lines, suggesting faster inter-level and/or inter-site energy transfer on exciting into the line wings. Low-temperature vibronic spectra are reported for the ⁷F₀→⁵D₀ transitions for both C₂ and C_3i sites. Evidence is presented for the detection of the highly forbidden ⁷F₀→⁵D₀ transition for the C_3i site.     

Slow intermolecular redistribution of vibrational energy in SF6 gas excited by a tea CO2 laser

Infra-red fluorescence (IRF) spectra of SF₆ excited by the 944.2 cm^-1 line of a pulsed CO₂ laser were observed at various times after the time of the laser excitation. Each spectrum showed a strong IRF peak of the v₃ mode which was red shifted relative to the room temperature fundamental (948 cm^-1) by an amount which depended, apart from the level of excitation, on the different times employed. For a strong excitation with 〈n〉 ≈ 11 photons absorbed per molecule, a significant decrease of red shift versus time was observed, indicating mainly excitation losses by IRF emission. For weak excitation with 〈n〉 ≈ 1.4, almost an constant red shift versus time is observed. This result, and the previous finding that at weak excitation a nonthermal energy distribution in the ensemble of molecules exists, leads to the conclusion that intermolecular redistribution of vibrational energy in SF₆ is slow, and does not exceed the observed fluorescence duration (～1 ms).     

Affinement d'une raie de fluorescence de Pr3+: LaAlO3 par excitation laser

A cw dye laser has been used for fluorescence line narrowing experiments by resonant excitation on Pr³⁺ ions in LaAlO₃. Scanning the excitation radiation through the absorption line width corresponding to the transition ³H₄ (0 cm^-1) → ¹D₂ (16 694 cm^-1) while fluorescence was observed, has put into evidence a deformation of the symmetry around Pr³⁺ ions, different for every site.This experiment shows the power of cw dye laser spectroscopy for investigating optical spectra in crystals.     

Precise measurement of the frequency separation between the F(2)2 and the E lines in methane

The methane E line at 2947.811 cm^-1 has been observed by the saturated absorption technique using a Zeeman shifted 3.39 μm He-Ne laser. The frequency separation between this line and the F(²)₂ line in methane, commonly used as an infrared frequency reference, is measured to be ν(F²₂) - ν(E) = 3032560 ± 5 kHz. It has been checked that the E line is free from power and Stark frequency shifts within our 5 kHz measurement precision.     

Time resolved photoluminescence spectra of a-As2S3

Time resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra of a-As₂S₃ are reported in the range 0–100 nsec after the excitation light pulse. After a very careful correction for apparatus spectral response, there is no large shift of the PL line as previously reported, but only an increase of the high energy side of the PL spectrum at short times. These results are discussed in terms of models with or without rearranged point defects.     

Antiferromagnetic resonance in ferroborate NdFe3(BO3)4

The AFMR spectra of the NdFe₃(BO₃)₄ crystal are measured in a wide range of frequencies and temperatures. It is found that by the type of its magnetic anisotropy the compound is an “easy-plane” antiferromagnet with a weak anisotropy in the basal plane. The effective magnetic parameters are determined: anisotropy fields H_a1=1.14 kOe and H_a2=60 kOe and magnetic excitation gaps Δν₁=101.9 GHz and Δν₂=23.8 GHz. It is shown that commensurate-incommensurate phase transition causes a shift in resonance field and a considerable change in absorption line width.At temperatures below 4.2 K nonlinear regimes of AFMR excitation at low microwave power levels are observed.     

D+CD4→CD3+D2反应的四维量子散射计算

运用约化维数量子动力学理论，利用含时波包法，对反应D+CD₄→CD_{3+D2进行了四维量子散射计算.将反应多原子CD4看作双原子D—CD 3，反应D+CD4→CD3+D2看作单原子-双原 子反应，把体系的反应简化为四维散射问题. 波函数的传播采用分裂算符法，为避免格点边界处含时波函数的边界反射，采用了光学吸收 势法，在格点边界处引入光学势，消除边界反射.根据CD4分子的C3v对称性， 选取了Jordan和Gilbert提出的半经验势能面.计算结果表明，反应概率随平动能的变化图像 ，呈现出显著的量子共振特性，这是很多提取反应的共同特征.而不同振动态下的反应概率 随平动能的变化表明，随振动量子数的增大，反应概率有明显提高，且反应阈能明显降低， 这说明反应分子的振动能对分子的碰撞反应有重要贡献.而对基态和第一振动激发态时散射 截面的计算，也证明了这一结论.同时，还分别通过计算量子数j，k，m对反应概率的影响， 对该反应的空间取向效应进行了研究，并与H+CH4→CH3+H2反应进行了比较. 关键词： 含时波包 量子散射 反应概率}     

4fN-15d energy levels of lanthanides: aquasi-angular-momentum approach and its application to Cs2NaYF6:Er3+

<正>The spin-orbit interaction of the 5d electron needs to be taken into account to give the proper energy structure for the 4f^N-15d configuration of heavy lanthanide ions occupying a site with ligands forming an octahedron.This paper derives theoretical results for the energy structure by treating the t₂ orbitals as quasi p orbitals and then using angular-momentum coupling techniques.An analytic expression for the electric dipole absorption line strengths between 4f^N multiplets and 4f^N-15d states is given in terms of various angular-momentum quantum numbers and re-coupling coefficients.The result is then applied to interpret the excitation spectrum of Cs₂NaYF₆:Er³⁺.The high-spin and low-spin states of Cs₂NaYF₆:Er³⁺ are discussed in terms of the wavefunctions obtained by using the developed theoretical model.     

Electron energy loss spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra of Ca2V2O7

We have measured the electron energy loss spectra of Ca₂V₂O₇ in the reflexion mode, at incident energies between 200 and 2400 eV, and the X-ray photoelectron spectra excited by Al K α radiation. The abundant loss structures observed can be correlated with the possible interband transitions, collective oscillations, and excitation of O2s and V3p electrons within the V₂O₇^4- ion. The gap width and molecular orbital (MO) spread (or splitting) is about l eV larger in the V₂O₇^4- ion than in its component VO₄^3- ion. Excitation of O2s states, which may occur together with some MO over-gap transitions, displaces the collective oscillations about 7 eV towards lower energies. Deeper V3p electrons are excited with a maximum energy loss some 7 eV above their binding energy. Cross transitions from Ca3p levels into some empty states of the V₂O₇^4- ion, or direct transitions to available states of the Ca²⁺ ion could not be unambiguously identified. The energy dependence of the excitation cross section and of the electron penetration depth results in a significant variation of the relative intensity of various losses over the investigated energy range.     

A novel Dy3+-doped GdPO4 white-light phosphors under vacuum ultraviolet excitation for Hg-free lamps application

Novel Dy3+-doped GdPO4 white light phosphors with monoclinic system were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal method at 240 ℃. This paper investigates the luminescence properties of white-light Gd1-xPO4 : xDy3+ under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation. The strong absorption at around 147 nm in excitation spectrum energy can be transferred to the energy levels of Dy3+ ion from the host absorption. Additionally, this white light phosphors are activated by a single Dy3+ ion and with a lower preparation temperature, which tend to decrease the consumption of rare earth resource and energy. Therefore, the luminescence of Gd1-xPO4 : xDy3+ under VUV excitation is effective, and proves to be promising in application to mercury-free lamp.     

Enhanced luminescence of Tb by efficient energy transfer from Ce in Sr2B5O9Cl host

Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺ co-doped Sr₂B₅O₉Cl phosphors with intense green emission were prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. A broad band centered at about 315 nm was found in phosphor Sr₂B₅O₉Cl: Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺ excitation spectrum, which was attributed to the 4f-5d transition of Ce³⁺. The typical sharp line emissions ranging from 450 to 650 nm were originated from the ⁵D₄ → ⁷F_J (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) transitions of Tb³⁺ ions. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of green emission from Tb³⁺ was enhanced remarkably by co-doping Ce³⁺ in the Tb³⁺ solely doped Sr₂B₅O₉Cl phosphor because of the dipole-dipole mechanism resonant energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺ ions. The energy transfer process was investigated in detail. In light of the energy transfer principles, the optimal composition of phosphor with the maximum green light output was established to be Sr_1.64Ce_0.08Tb_0.1Li_0.18B₅O₉Cl by the appropriate adjustment of dopant concentrations. The PL intensity of Tb³⁺ in the phosphor was enhanced about 40 times than that of the Tb³⁺ single doped phosphor under the excitation of their optimal excitation wavelengths.     

Fluorescence emission spectrum and energy transfer in Eu and Mn co-doped Ba2Ca(BO3)2 phosphors

Eu²⁺ and Mn²⁺ co-doped Ba₂Ca(BO₃)₂ phosphors yield two emission bands consisting of green and red components under the excitation of 360 nm, which shows a great potential for white LEDs. Effective energy transfer occurs in Eu²⁺/Mn²⁺ co-doped Ba₂Ca(BO₃)₂ host due to the large spectral overlap between the emission of Eu²⁺ and the excitation of Mn²⁺. The energy transfer from Eu²⁺ to Mn²⁺ is thoroughly investigated by their excitation, emission and photoluminescence decay behaviors, and is demonstrated to be via the dipole–quadrupole interaction.     

调制掺杂的应变In0.60Ga0.40As/In0.52Al0.48As多量子阱结构的光致发光谱研究

报道了调制掺杂的应变In_0.60Ga_0.40As/In_0.52Al_0.48As多量子阱中室温光致发光光谱.观察到n=1和2电子子带到n=1重空穴子带的强发光峰.在低温下可以观察到n=1电子子带到n=1轻空穴弱发光肩胛.通过对发光强度随激发功率及温度依赖关系以及理论模型的分析研究,认为该调制掺杂量子阱中辐射复合效率降低的主要机制是应变失配位错对载流子的陷阱作用.界面上的失配位错是陷阱的主要来源.并用静态的光致发光理论模型 关键词：     

Up-conversion emission in triply-doped Ho/Yb/Tm KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

Detailed spectroscopic studies of the triply doped KGd(WO₄)₂:Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺ single crystals (which exhibit multicolor up-conversion fluorescence) are reported for the first time. The absorption spectra of crystals were measured at 10 and 300 K; the room temperature luminescence spectra were excited at 980 nm wavelength. The dependence of the intensity of luminescence on the excitation power for three different concentration of Ho³⁺, Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions was investigated. Efficient green and red up-converted luminescence of Ho³⁺ ions and weak blue up-conversion luminescence of Tm³⁺ ions were observed in spectra. The red emission of Ho³⁺ ions is more intensive than their green emission. Dependence of the up-conversion luminescence intensity on the excitation power and impurities concentration was also studied; the number of phonon needed for efficient up-conversion was determined for each case. All possible energy transfer processes between different pairs of the impurity ions' energy levels are also discussed.     

用受激拉曼泵浦方法高效制备v=2振动激发态氘分子

We report the preparation of D₂ molecules in v=2 level in molecular beam condition. A single longitudinal mode laser system was used for excitation of D₂ from (v=0, j=0) to (v=2, j=0) with the scheme of stimulated Raman pumping. An excitation efficiency of 25.2% has been achieved, which was determined by the scheme of resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. Dependence of relative excitation efficiency on laser energy has been measured. We found that the increasing rate of excitation efficiency became slower as pulse energy of Stokes laser increase, while the excitation efficiency still increases approximately linearly with pump pulse energies up to 60 mJ. The spectral line shapes of Raman transition was also measured at different laser energies and considerable dynamical Stark effect was observed. A single peak was found on the three dimension surface of relative excitation efficiency, indicating the process occurred in the present study is a process of stimulated Raman pumping instead of stimulated adiabatic Raman passage.