细胞色素c突变体的共振拉曼光谱研究

采用共振拉曼光谱技术研究了细胞色素c一次突变体（WT）及其突变体Y67F和N52I在低频区的光谱特征。结果表明，以苯丙氨酸替代WT中酪氨酸残基Tyr67并没有明显影响血红素丙氨酸侧基周围多肽氨基酸残基的构象，而异亮氨酸对天冬酰胺残基Asn52的取代则较大程度地改变了蛋白质内部水分子与周围氨基酸残基间的氢键作用和多肽空腔的疏水性，进而使氨基酸残基和血素的构象相应发生调变。两种取代都导致形成血红素周围空腔的多肽氨基酸残基构象的变化。     

细胞色素c氧化酶研究新进展

综述了细胞色素c氧化酶研究的新进展,重点评述了细胞色素c氧化酶晶体结构和各种谱学研究结果,质子传递途径、O2还原的催化机理以及与其相耦联的质子泵机理等方面的最新进展。     

电化学和紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究pH和金纳米粒子对细胞色素c的影响

制备了粒径均匀、平均粒子尺度为(4.7±0.6)nm,表面修饰3-巯基丙酸(MPA)的金纳米粒子(AuNPs).利用电化学和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱研究了pH和AuNPs对细胞色素c(Cytc)结构的影响.UV-Vis吸收光谱结果表明,pH为7.5-3.0时,Cytc和Cytc-AuNPs复合物的结构没有发生明显变化.当pH=2.0时,Cytc和Cytc-AuNPs复合物的Soret谱峰位置均发生明显移动,说明pH诱导其构象发生变化.循环伏安(CV)结果表明,表面修饰了MPA的AuNPs能促进Cytc和电极之间的电子传输,与修饰了柠檬酸根的AuNPs相比,其生物兼容性更好.pH的变化会引起CV中Cytc峰电流的改变和峰电位的移动.随着pH值的降低,Cytc电活性的量逐渐减小,并且pH诱导Cytc发生不可逆变性.AuNPs的引入使自由态的Cytc耐酸性增强,而使得吸附态的Cytc耐酸能力减弱.     

咪唑-细胞色素c复合物的溶液结构研究

轴向配体在决定血红素蛋白结构和性能方面的作用引起人们的兴趣[1]. 细胞色素c是一个重要的电子传递蛋白, 在天然状态下轴向配体His 18和Met 80与血红素的Fe原子配位. UV光谱和NMR谱显示氧化态细胞色素c配位的Met 80在pH大于9或强外源配体存在时较易被取代[2]. 人们对外源配体配位引发细胞色素c的构象的研究得到一些重要的结构特征[3,4]. 但对整个蛋白溶液结构完整精确的描述和血红素电子结构的研究还很少. 此外, 细胞色素c在重折叠过程中形成组氨酸配位的中间体, 而咪唑能捕获和阻断中间体的形成. 为此, 本文对咪唑-细胞色素c复合物溶液结构进行了研究.     

细胞色素c在经预处理的金电极上电化学行为的研究

本文观察到吸附态和本体态的细胞色素ｃ以经预处理的金电极上的准可逆反应。采用现场ＦＴＩＲ光谱法，紫外可见反射光谱法，循环伏安法，交流阻抗法和电位阶跃法研究了细胞色素ｃ吸附行为和反应动力学。     

细胞色素c突变体F82H的表面增强拉曼和电化学研究(英文)

应用表面增强拉曼光谱和循环伏安法研究了细胞色素c及其突变体F82H的氧化还原性质 .结果表明苯丙氨酸对组氨酸的取代使得蛋白质结构更为稳定 .相对于原体蛋白质 ,突变体的氧化还原电位向负电位方向移动 ,这被归因于由氧化还原过程中伴随有配体转换反应影响所致 .     

细胞色素c在纳米氧化铝模板修饰电极上的直接电化学

细胞色素c(Cytochrome c,Cyt c)是生物体中最常见的氧化一还原蛋白质,研究其在电极上的直接电化学,对于理解和认识生命体内的电子转移机制具有重要意义。Cytc与裸固体电极表面的直接接触通常会使其失去生物活性,因此,Cytc的电化学研究常借助于媒介体以实现其与电极之间的电子转移。纳米金属氧化物模板的表面积大且化学和光化学性质稳定,被广泛应用于太阳能电池和金属沉积等领域,本文研究氧化铝(AAO)模板对4,4’-二硫二吡啶存在下Cytc直接电化学促进作用。     

细胞色素c在纳米杂化膜修饰玻碳电极上的直接电化学

以多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)修饰玻碳(GC)电极为基底,自组装金纳米粒子(AuNPs)及L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)研制杂化膜修饰电极(L-Cys/AuNPs/MWNTs/GC).实验表明,该膜修饰电极在pH=7.0的KH2PO4-K2HPO4缓冲溶液中对细胞色素c(Cyt c)的直接电子转移反应具有良好的电催化作用,C...     

细胞色素c氧化酶可溶性结构域中Val162突变对蛋白结构和功能的影响

采用蛋白质工程的定点突变技术和UV-Vis,CD,荧光,EPR及快速动力学技术考察了与癌症相关的Val162的突变对细胞色素c氧化酶可溶性结构域的影响.研究发现,该突变导致了蛋白二级结构的转化和电子传递活性的降低,这为理解其致病机制提供了化学基础信息.     

表面带负电荷氨基酸残基的突变对细胞色素bs与细胞色素c结合和识别的影响

利用核磁共振方法研究表面带不同负电荷氨基酸残基突变后的细胞色素b5与细胞色素c的结合与识别，结果表明，静电作用在细胞色素b5与细胞色素c的结合过程中有着重要的贡献，而且这些静电贡献在一定程度上具有 加性，E48的贡献略大于E44。同时还证明Brownian dyanmics simulations优化出的Glu48-Lys13,Clu56-Lys87,Asp60-Lys86和heme 6-propionate-Tml72（细胞色素b5的残基排在前面）的结合方式在溶液中的确存在，细胞色素b5突变体9E48，E56／A，D60／A）及[Cr(oxalate)3]^3－对细胞色素c的表面竞争实验表明，细胞色素c表面结合区SiteⅢ仍然同细胞色素b5突变体9E48，E56／A，D60／A）有结合作用，只是结合强度上相对于野生细胞色素b5同细胞色素c的结合有所降低，这表明除上述的Browni-an dynamics simulations模型外，尚有其它如Salemme模型等的结合方式，这也揭示出细胞色素b5和细胞色素c之间的结合是比较动态的。     

Intramolecular Electron Transfer in CO-Bound Mixed-Valence Cytochrome c Oxidase Following CO Photolysis

Internal electron transfer in bovine cytochrome c oxidase was initiated by CO photolysis of the CO-bound mixed-valence form of the enzyme. Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor changes in the redox states of the metal centers in the enzyme brought about by electron re-equilibration. Upon CO photodissociation, reduced high spin cytochrome a₃ was generated in less than 0.1 μsec, and a portion of the reduced cytochrome a₃ was reoxidized with biphasic rate constants of k₁ = 1.0 × 10⁶ s^?1 and k₂ = 7.8 × 10⁴ s^?1. Concomitant reduction of cytochrome a was also observed with biphasic rate constants of k₁ = 1.6 × 10⁶ s^?1 and k₂ = 9 × 10⁴ s^?1. The stoichiometry of cytochrome a₃ oxidized to cytochrome a reduced was found to be close to 1:1. Contrary to similar studies in the literature, no reduction of Cu_A was observed. As a control, no transient absorption changes corresponding to electron transfer was observed in the CO-inhibited fully reduced form of the enzyme. These results indicate that there is significant electron reequilibration only between cytochrome a₃ and cytochrome a upon photolysis of the CO-bound mixed-valence enzyme.     

Direct and Cytochrome c Mediated Electrochemistry of Bilirubin Oxidase on Gold

Direct electron transfer (DET) of bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria (BOD) was established on promoter‐modified gold electrodes. The electrochemical behavior of the enzyme in solution was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry evaluating the biocatalytic reduction of dioxygen. The reaction of BOD at Au electrodes was shown to be efficient only at low pH. In addition, a novel interaction between BOD and cytochrome c (cyt.c) was found. It was shown that BOD efficiently accepts cyt.c as an electron donor in both cases when cyt.c is in solution and electrostatically adsorbed. The results suggest that cyt.c can play the role of a mediator facilitating electron transfer in a pH range where no DET could be observed between the enzyme and the electrode. For the interaction between cyt.c and BOD in solution the reaction kinetics has been studied electrochemically and spectrophotometrically.     

Gold(II) Porphyrins in Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions

In the context of solar-to-chemical energy conversion, inspired by natural photosynthesis, the synthesis, electrochemical properties and photoinduced electron-transfer processes of three novel zinc(II)-gold(III) bis(porphyrin) dyads [Zn^II(P)–Au^III(P)]⁺ are presented (P: tetraaryl porphyrin). Time-resolved spectroscopic studies indicated ultrafast dynamics (k >10¹⁰ s⁻¹) after visible-light excitation, which finally yielded a charge-shifted state [Zn^II(P ^{⋅ +})–Au^II(P)]⁺ featuring a gold(II) center. The lifetime of this excited state is quite long due to a comparably slow charge recombination (k ≈3×10⁸ s⁻¹). The [Zn^II(P ^{⋅ +})–Au^II(P)]⁺ charge-shifted state is reductively quenched by amines in bimolecular reactions, yielding the neutral zinc(II)–gold(II) bis(porphyrin) Zn^II(P)–Au^II(P). The electronic nature of this key gold(II) intermediate, prepared by chemical or photochemical reduction, is elucidated by UV/Vis, X-band EPR, gold L₃-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and paramagnetic ¹H NMR spectroscopy as well as by quantum chemical calculations. Finally, the gold(II) site in Zn^II(P)–Au^II(P) is thermodynamically and kinetically competent to reduce an aryl azide to the corresponding aryl amine, paving the way to catalytic applications of gold(III) porphyrins in photoredox catalysis involving the gold(III/II) redox couple.     

基于磁球表面的抗原决定基印迹法用于选择性识别细胞色素c的研究

本工作合成了一种核壳型的抗原决定基磁性分子印迹聚合物,并用于选择性识别目标蛋白细胞色素c(Cytochrome c,Cyt c)。制备过程中先用溶剂热法合成Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子,然后加入Cyt c其C端的九肽作为模板,进行一段时间的预组装,最后加入多巴胺盐酸盐(DA)溶液,调节反应体系的p H使多巴胺聚合在磁球表面。洗脱掉模板后,即得到分子印迹聚合物。优化DA的用量使聚合物达到最佳的吸附效果。在最优条件下,制得的印迹聚合物对目标蛋白有较好的吸附选择性,并且有良好的重复利用性。此外,用抗原决定基做模板制得的聚合物的吸附容量和印迹因子明显优于用相应蛋白质做模板的情况。     

A Simple Fabrication Method for Three‐Dimensional Gold Nanoparticle Electrodes and Their Application to the Study of the Direct Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c

A simple method for constructing gold nanoparticle‐modified electrodes with three‐dimensional nanostructures is demonstrated. The electrodes were prepared by casting citrate‐reduced AuNPs onto polycrystalline gold electrodes. The resultant electrodes had a large surface area‐to‐volume ratio, adequate for high protein loading and conferring high stability. The gold nanoparticle electrodes were covered with a self‐assembled monolayer of 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid for electrostatic immobilization of cytochrome c (cyt c). At the electrode, direct, reversible electron transfer from cyt c was observed with remarkable stability. Moreover, an extremely high surface coverage of electrochemically active cyt c, 167 fully packed monolayers, was obtained through use of the electrode.     

Direct electrochemistry behavior of Cytochrome c on silicon dioxide nanoparticles-modified electrode

A newfangled direct electrochemistry behavior of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) was found on glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with the silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles by physical adsorption. A pair of stable and well-defined redox peaks of Cyt c′ quasi-reversible electrochemical reaction were obtained with a heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant of 1.66×10-3 cm/s and a formal potential of 0.069 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) (0.263 V versus NHE) in 0.1 mol/L pH 6.8 PBS. Both the size and the amount of SiO2 nanoparticles could influence the electron transfer between Cyt c and the electrode. Electrostatic interaction which is between the negative nanoparticle surface and positively charged amino acid residues on the Cyt c surface is of importance for the stability and reproducibility toward the direct electron transfer of Cyt c. It is suggested that the modification of SiO2 nanoparticles proposes a novel approach to realize the direct electrochemistry of proteins.     

基于偏振光波导分光光谱技术原位研究纳米金-细胞色素c 自组装过程

时间分辨偏振光波导分光光谱技术是一种用于研究表面分子吸附动力学的强大工具. 利用该技术实时、原位监测纳米金与细胞色素c的静电自组装过程, 发现随着吸附层数的增加, 纳米金粒子吸附层产生的局域等离子体共振(LSPR)吸收峰发生了红移, 而且在横磁(TM)模式下的红移比横电(TE)模式下的红移更快; 细胞色素c在纳米金表面的吸附导致LSPR吸收峰的峰位和强度在TM模式下显著红移和升高, 相比之下, TE模式下的LSPR吸收峰无明显变化. 对实验数据的分析验证了纳米金在细胞色素c单分子层表面的吸附动力学行为遵循扩散控制模型, 细胞色素c在纳米金单粒子层表面的吸附动力学行为遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型, 进一步估算了细胞色素c在纳米金表面的吸附速率常数、脱附速率常数和吸附自由能.     

室温离子液体自组装金纳米粒子模板化制备内消旋多孔材料增强细胞色素c直接电化学（英文）

室温离子液体作为一种软模板用来组装内消旋多孔材料,这种材料是由表面覆盖有半胱氨酸的自组装巨型金纳米粒子构成的. 首先,由于静电相互作用或者配体外部末端的羧基和氨基基团之间的缩合反应,覆盖有半胱氨酸的金纳米粒子能够自组装形成纳米线和亚微米球形粒子. 其次,球形自组装粒子在和疏水性室温离子液体1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐相互摩擦时能形成一种准固态凝胶. 最后,将复合凝胶涂在玻碳电极上,然后在PH = 7.4的磷酸缓冲溶液中用循环伏安法进行极化,由于多余的室温离子液体分散在溶胶中从而形成了一种内消旋多孔结构. 该材料具有良好的导电性和生物大分子亲和性. 由于大的外部表面积和内部的“薄层”效应,细胞色素c的感应显著增强. 实验结果表明,这种内消旋多孔材料在包括生物传感器和生物燃料电池在内的电化学设备方面具有潜在的应用前景.