共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Kim TC Ghim CM Kim HJ Kim DH Noh DY Kim ND Chung JW Yang JS Chang YJ Noh TW Kahng B Kim JS 《Physical review letters》2004,92(24):246104
We investigate the kinetic roughening of Ar+ ion-sputtered Pd(001) surface both experimentally and theoretically. In situ real-time x-ray reflectivity and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy show that nanoscale adatom islands form and grow with increasing sputter time t. Surface roughness W(t) and lateral correlation length xi(t) follow the scaling laws W(t) approximately t(beta) and xi(t) approximately t(1/z) with the exponents beta approximately 0.20 and 1/z approximately 0.20, for an ion beam energy epsilon=0.5 keV, which is inconsistent with the prediction of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) model. We thereby extend the KS model by applying the coarse-grained continuum approach of the Sigmund theory to the order of O(inverted Delta(4),h(2)), where h is the surface height, and derive a new term of the form inverted Delta(2)(inverted Delta h)(2) which plays a decisive role in describing the observed morphological evolution of the sputtered surface. 相似文献
2.
Aubert B Barate R Boutigny D Couderc F Karyotakis Y Lees JP Poireau V Tisserand V Zghiche A Grauges E Palano A Pappagallo M Pompili A Chen JC Qi ND Rong G Wang P Zhu YS Eigen G Ofte I Stugu B Abrams GS Borgland AW Breon AB Brown DN Button-Shafer J Cahn RN Charles E Day CT Gill MS Gritsan AV Groysman Y Jacobsen RG Kadel RW Kadyk J Kerth LT Kolomensky YG Kukartsev G Lynch G Mir LM Oddone PJ Orimoto TJ Pripstein M Roe NA Ronan MT Wenzel WA Barrett M Ford KE Harrison TJ Hart AJ Hawkes CM Morgan SE 《Physical review letters》2005,95(14):142003
Using 116.1 fb(-1) of data collected by the BABAR detector, we present an analysis of xi(c)(0) production in B decays and from the cc continuum, with the xi(c)(0) decaying into omega- K+ and xi- pi+ final states. We measure the ratio of branching fractions B(xi(c)(0) --> omega- K+)/B(xi(c)(0) --> xi- pi+) spectrum is measured on and 40 MeV below the upsilon(4S) resonance. From these spectra the branching fraction product B(B --> xi(c)(0)X) x B(xi(c)(0) --> xi- pi+) is measured to be (2.11 +/- 0.19 +/- 0.25) x 10(-4), and the cross-section product sigma(e+ e- --> xi(c)(0)X) x B(xi(c)(0) --> xi- pi+) from the continuum is measured to be (388 +/- 39 +/- 41) fb at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. 相似文献
3.
Magnetic zigzag edges of graphene are considered as a basis for novel spintronics devices despite the fact that no true long-range magnetic order is possible in one dimension. We study the transverse and longitudinal fluctuations of magnetic moments at zigzag edges of graphene from first principles. We find a high value for the spin wave stiffness D=2100 meV A2 and a spin-collinear domain wall creation energy E(dw)=114 meV accompanied by low magnetic anisotropy. Above the crossover temperature T(x) approximately 10 K, the spin correlation length xi proportional, variantT(-1) limits the long-range magnetic order to approximately 1 nm at 300 K while below T(x), it grows exponentially with decreasing temperature. We discuss possible ways of increasing the range of magnetic order and effects of edge roughness on it. 相似文献
4.
We consider the shadow system of the Gierer-Meinhardt system in a smooth bounded domain Omega subset R(N),A(t)=epsilon(2)DeltaA-A+A(p)/xi(q),x is element of Omega, t>0, tau/Omega/xi(t)=-/Omega/xi+1/xi(s) integral(Omega)A(r)dx, t>0 with the Robin boundary condition epsilon partial differentialA/partial differentialnu+a(A)A=0, x is element of partial differentialOmega, where a(A)>0, the reaction rates (p,q,r,s) satisfy 1
0, r>0, s>or=0, 1 1 and tau sufficiently small the interior spike is stable. (ii) For N=1 if r=2 and 1 1 such that for a is element of (a(0),1) and mu=2q/(s+1)(p-1) is element of (1,mu(0)) the near-boundary spike solution is unstable. This instability is not present for the Neumann boundary condition but only arises for the Robin boundary condition. Furthermore, we show that the corresponding eigenvalue is of order O(1) as epsilon-->0. 相似文献
5.
We present measurements of the thermal resistivity rho(t,P,L) near the superfluid transition of 4He at saturated vapor pressure and confined in cylindrical geometries with radii L=0.5 and 1.0 microm [t identical with T/T(lambda)(P)-1]. For L=1.0 microm measurements at six pressures P are presented. At and above T(lambda) the data are consistent with a universal scaling function F(X)=(L/xi(0))(x/nu)(rho/rho(0)), X=(L/xi(0))(1/nu)t valid for all P (rho(0) and x are the pressure-dependent amplitude and effective exponent of the bulk resistivity rho, and xi=xi(0)t(-nu) is the correlation length). Indications of breakdown of scaling and universality are observed below T(lambda). 相似文献
6.
We fitted C(k,tau,epsilon) proportional to exp([-sigma(k,epsilon)tau] to time-correlation functions C(k,tau,epsilon) of structure factors S(k,t,epsilon) of shadowgraph images of fluctuations below a supercritical bifurcation at V(0)=V(c) to electroconvection of a planar nematic liquid crystal in the presence of a voltage V=sqrt[2]V(0)cos((2pift) [k=(p,q) is the wave vector and epsilon identical with V(2)(0)/V(2)(c)-1]. There were stationary oblique (normal) rolls at small (large) f. Fits of a modified Swift-Hohenberg form to sigma(k,epsilon) gave f-dependent critical behavior for the minimum decay rates sigma(0)(epsilon) and the correlation lengths xi(p,q)(epsilon). 相似文献
7.
The scaling properties of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with finite magnetic helicity are obtained from direct numerical simulations using 512(3) modes. The results indicate that the turbulence does not follow the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan phenomenology. The scaling exponents of the structure functions can be described by a modified She-Leveque model zeta(p) = p/9+1-(1/3)(p/3), corresponding to basic Kolmogorov scaling and sheetlike dissipative structures. In particular, we find zeta(2) approximately 0.7, consistent with the energy spectrum E(k) approximately k(-5/3) as observed in the solar wind, and zeta(3) approximately 1, confirming a recent analytical result. 相似文献
8.
Spectral direct numerical simulations of incompressible MHD turbulence at a resolution of up to 1024(3) collocation points are presented for a statistically isotropic system as well as for a setup with an imposed strong mean magnetic field. The spectra of residual energy, E(R)k=|E(M)k - E(K)k|, and total energy, Ek=E(K)k+E(M)k, are observed to scale self-similarly in the inertial range as E(R)k approximately k(-7/3), E(k)approximately k(-5/3) (isotropic case) and E(R)(k(perpendicular) approximately k(-2)(perpendicular), E(k(perpendicular))approximately k(-3/2)(perpendicular) (anisotropic case, perpendicular to the mean field direction). A model of dynamic equilibrium between kinetic and magnetic energy, based on the corresponding evolution equations of the eddy-damped quasinormal Markovian closure approximation, explains the findings. The assumed interplay of turbulent dynamo and Alfvén effect yields E(R)k approximately kE2(k), which is confirmed by the simulations. 相似文献
9.
Kuhn A Epp V Schmidt G Narayanan S Thangadurai V Wilkening M 《J Phys Condens Matter》2012,24(3):035901
(7)Li spin-alignment echo (SAE) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to measure single-spin hopping correlation functions of polycrystalline Li(7)La(3)Zr(2)O(12). Damping of the echo amplitude S(2)(t(m),t(p)), recorded at variable mixing time t(m) but fixed preparation time t(p), turns out to be solely controlled by slow Li jump processes taking place in the garnet-like structure. The decay rates τ(SAE)(-1) directly obtained by parametrizing the curves S(2)(t(m),t(p)) with stretched exponential functions show Arrhenius behaviour pointing to an activation energy of approximately 0.5 eV. This value, probed by employing an atomic-scale NMR method, is in very good agreement with that deduced from impedance spectroscopy used to measure macroscopic Li transport parameters. Most likely, the two methods are sensitive to the same hopping correlation function although Li dynamics are probed in a quite different manner. 相似文献
10.
The approach to equilibrium, from a nonequilibrium initial state, in a system at its critical point is usually described by a scaling theory with a single growing length scale, xi(t) approximately t(1/z), where z is the dynamic exponent that governs the equilibrium dynamics. We show that, for the 2D XY model, the rate of approach to equilibrium depends on the initial condition. In particular, xi(t) approximately t(1/2) if no free vortices are present in the initial state, while xi(t) approximately (t/lnt)(1/2) if free vortices are present. 相似文献
11.
Let f(N) and xi(-1)(N) represent, respectively, the free energy per spin and the inverse spin-spin correlation length of the critical Ising model on a N x infinity lattice, with f(N)-->f(infinity) as N-->infinity. We obtain analytic expressions for a(k) and b(k) in the expansions N( f(N)-f(infinity)) = SUM (k = 1)(infinity)a(k)/N(2k-1) and xi(-1)(N) = SUM (k = 1)(infinity)b(k)/N(2k-1) for square, honeycomb, and plane-triangular lattices, and find that b(k)/a(k) = (2(2k)-1)/(2(2k-1)-1) for all of these lattices, i.e., the amplitude ratio b(k)/a(k) is universal. We also obtain similar results for a critical quantum spin chain and find that such results could be understood from a perturbated conformal field theory. 相似文献
12.
We consider the spin-1/2 model on the honeycomb lattice in the presence of a weak magnetic field hα < 1. Such a perturbation destroys the exact integrability of the model in terms of gapless fermions and static Z2 fluxes. We show that it results in the appearance of a long-range tail in the irreducible dynamic spin correlation function: ∝ h(z)(2)f(t,r), where f(t,r) ∝ [max(t,r)]-4 is proportional to the density polarization function of fermions. 相似文献
13.
The structures of two phases of the (NH4)3Nb(O2)2F4 crystal, namely, the parent cubic phase and the most distorted low-temperature phase, have been determined from data of an
X-ray diffraction experiment performed for a powder sample. The profile and structural parameters have been refined according
to the procedure implemented in the DDM program. The results obtained have been discussed with invoking the group-theoretical
analysis of the complete order parameter condensate, which takes into account the critical and noncritical atomic displacements
and allows the interpretation of the obtained experimental data. It has been found that the most probable sequence of structural
transformations occurring in the crystal can be schematically represented in the following form:
_boxclose_boxclose_boxclose_boxclose_boxclose_boxclose_boxclose_boxclose] _5^ + (11 - 7)C2/mP2_1 /m | #xA; P2_1 /n. | #xA; |
#xA;\begin{gathered}
Fm\bar 3m\xrightarrow[{(\eta 1,\eta 1,\eta )}]{{\Gamma _5^ + (11 - 7)}}C2/m\xrightarrow[{(\eta 1,\eta 1,\eta )(0,0,0,0,0,\xi ,0 - \xi ,0,0,0,0)}]{{\Gamma _5^ + (11 - 7) \otimes \Sigma _2 (4 - 2)}}P2_1 /m \hfill \\
\xrightarrow[{(\eta 1,\eta 1,\eta )(0,0,0,0,0,\xi ,0 - \xi ,0,0,0,0)(0,0,0,0,0,\varepsilon ,0,\varepsilon ,0,0,0,0)}]{{\Gamma _5^ + (11 - 7) \otimes \Sigma _2 (4 - 2) \otimes \Sigma _3 (4 - 3)}}P2_1 /n. \hfill \\
\end{gathered}
相似文献
14.
Ono Y Tanabe H Hayashi Y Ii T Narushima Y Yamada T Inomoto M Cheng CZ 《Physical review letters》2011,107(18):185001
Characteristics of the high-power reconnection heating were measured for the first time directly by two-dimensional measurements of ion and electron temperatures. While electrons are heated mainly inside the current sheet by the Ohmic heating power, ions are heated mainly by fast shock or viscosity damping of the reconnection outflow in the two downstream areas. The magnetic reconnection converts the energy of reconnecting magnetic field B(p) mostly to the ion thermal energy, indicating that the reconnection heating energy is proportional to B(p)(2). 相似文献
15.
Sparveris NF Alarcon R Bernstein AM Bertozzi W Botto T Bourgeois P Calarco J Casagrande F Distler MO Dow K Farkondeh M Georgakopoulos S Gilad S Hicks R Holtrop M Hotta A Jiang X Karabarbounis A Kirkpatrick J Kowalski S Milner R Miskimen R Nakagawa I Papanicolas CN Sarty AJ Sato Y Sirca S Shaw J Six E Stave S Stiliaris E Tamae T Tsentalovich G Tschalaer C Turchinetz W Zhou ZL Zwart T 《Physical review letters》2005,94(2):022003
We report new precise H(e,e(')p)pi(0) measurements at the Delta(1232) resonance at Q(2)=0.127 (GeV/c)(2) obtained at the MIT-Bates out-of-plane scattering facility which are particularly sensitive to the transverse electric amplitude (E2) of the gamma(*)N-->Delta transition. The new data have been analyzed together with those of earlier measurements to yield precise quadrupole to dipole amplitude ratios: Re(E(3/2)(1+)/M(3/2)(1+))=(-2.3+/-0.3(stat+syst)+/-0.6(model))% and Re(S(3/2)(1+)/M(3/2)(1+))=(-6.1+/-0.2(stat+syst)+/-0.5(model))% for M(3/2)(1+)=(41.4+/-0.3(stat+syst)+/-0.4(model))(10(-3)/m(pi(+))). The derived amplitudes give credence to the conjecture of deformation in hadrons favoring, at low Q2, the dominance of mesonic effects. 相似文献
16.
Barkai E Fleurov V Klafter J 《Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics》2000,61(2):1164-1169
We introduce a Levy-Lorentz gas in which a light particle is scattered by static point scatterers arranged on a line. We investigate the case where the intervals between scatterers xi(i) are independent random variables identically distributed according to the probability density function &mgr;(xi) approximately xi(-(1+gamma)). We show that under certain conditions the mean square displacement of the particle obeys
17.
The joint limiting probability distribution is studied for the two-dimensional random walk with topological constraints, omega(2ns), on Z(2) lattice, where 2n is its total length and (0=s=1). The expression for the density of finite-dimensional limiting probability distribution pi{xi(n)(s(1)),xi(n)(s(2)),.,xi(n)(s(r))} where xi(n)(s) = omega(2ns)/n(1/4), is described. 相似文献
18.
We present ellipsometric observations of the orientational order alpha(2) of highly polar molecules at the noncritical liquid/vapor surface of critical polar+nonpolar mixtures. The dipoles, which are repelled from the interface via interactions with their image dipoles, are preferentially oriented with their axes parallel to the surface and possess an orientational order which is well described by alpha(2) approximately -t(2beta)D+(z/xi), where t=[T-T(c)]/T(c) is the reduced temperature, beta=0.328 is a critical exponent, and D+ is a universal function of the dimensionless depth z/xi with surface correlation length xi. 相似文献
19.
Ensemble averages of the sensitivity to initial conditions xi(t) and the entropy production per unit of time of a new family of one-dimensional dissipative maps, x(t+1)=1-ae(-1/|x(t)|(z))(z>0), and of the known logisticlike maps, x(t+1)=1-a|x(t)|(z)(z>1), are numerically studied, both for strong (Lyapunov exponent lambda(1)>0) and weak (chaos threshold, i.e., lambda(1)=0) chaotic cases. In all cases we verify the following: (i) both
20.
We present a new approach to study the thermodynamic properties of d-dimensional classical systems by reducing the problem to the computation of ground state properties of a d-dimensional quantum model. This classical-to-quantum mapping allows us to extend the scope of standard optimization methods by unifying them under a general framework. The quantum annealing method is naturally extended to simulate classical systems at finite temperatures. We derive the rates to assure convergence to the optimal thermodynamic state using the adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics. For simulated and quantum annealing, we obtain the asymptotic rates of T(t) approximately (pN)/(k(B)logt) and gamma(t) approximately (Nt)(-c/N), for the temperature and magnetic field, respectively. Other annealing strategies are also discussed. 相似文献
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