云环境下的大规模线性有限元并行实现

针对Hadoop MapReduce框架实现迭代算法效率不高的问题,提出了基于Spark RDDs(Resilient Distributed Datasets)的大规模线性有限元并行算法,探索在云平台上有效地实现迭代算法。在Hadoop+Spark实验室集群上,通过空间桁架进行算例验证,并与基于Hadoop MapReduce的线性有限元并行算法进行性能比较。结果表明,在本文搭建的集群上,基于RDDs的并行算法能求解15000000个自由度的空间桁架问题,远大于Hadoop平台上的3000000个自由度;对于小模型,Spark可获得200倍以上的加速比,对于大模型,获得7~8倍加速比。     

不同网格扭曲率下压力修正全隐算法——IDEAL求解性能研究

2008年,本文作者和陶文铨等提出了一种用于速度和压力耦合求解的高效稳定压力修正全隐算法IDEAL,该算法通过在每个迭代层次上对压力方程进行两次内迭代计算,完全克服了SIMPLE算法的两个假设,充分满足了速度和压力之间的耦合,从而大大提高了计算的收敛性和健壮性.为了进一步实现IDEAL算法的推广应用,本文基于三维倾斜方腔顶盖驱动流动,研究了IDEAL算法在不同网格扭曲率下的求解特性.研究发现,在不同网格扭曲率下,IDEAL算法的健壮性和收敛性均优于SIMPLE算法,特别在高网格扭曲率情况下,IDEAL算法求解性能更加优于SIMPLE算法.在不同网格扭曲率下,IDEAL算法健壮性保持不变,几乎可以在任意速度亚松弛因子下获得收敛的解,同时IDEAL算法最短计算耗时较SIMPLE算法减少了56%~89%,验证了IDEAL算法的优越性.     

Computation of phase response curves via a direct method adapted to infinitesimal perturbations

A new numerical algorithm for computation of phase response curves of stable limit cycle oscillators is proposed. The idea of the algorithm originates from a direct method that is based on computation of the oscillator response to short finite pulses delivered at different phases of oscillations. Here we adapt the direct method to the case of infinitesimal perturbations and compare our algorithm with the standard algorithm based on the backward integration of the adjoint equations. In contrast to the standard algorithm, our algorithm does not require any backward integration and it is easier to program since a necessity of numerical interpolation for the Jacobian matrix is avoided. In addition, we demonstrate by examples that our algorithm is faster than the standard algorithm and this advantage is especially notable for weakly stable limit cycle oscillators.     

A new algorithm for surface tension model in moving particle methods

A new algorithm for the surface tension model was developed for moving particle methods. The algorithm is based on the link‐list search algorithm and the continuum surface tension (CST) model. The developed algorithm with the CST model was implemented to a kind of moving particle approach, the finite volume particle (FVP) method. The FVP method with the new algorithm was tested by oscillatory behaviour of a two‐dimensional droplet. The oscillatory period agrees well with analytical one, and the transient shape of the droplet is also in good agreement with that obtained by other numerical methods. The droplet impact on a liquid surface was also studied using the new algorithm. The deposition and splashing phenomena were clearly reproduced. Simulated spread radius of the splashing phenomena was consistent with a power law. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于重叠划分的自由网格四边形单元计算方法

提出了一种基于重叠划分的自由网格四边形单元计算方法。这一方法将四边形单元引入到自由网格计算方法中，不仅提高了计算的精度，同时还保留了自由网格计算方法的特点。方法首先对分析域内自动生成的每一个节点建立一套临时三角形单元，利用这些临时三角形单元组合生成四边形单元，以节点为单位进行计算。由于各矩阵的计算与组集均以节点为中心进行处理，因而特别适合于并行计算环境。在详细介绍自由网格四边形单元计算方法的基础上，利用数值算例证实了这一方法改善计算精度方面的有效性。     

Integrating cross-correlation and relaxation algorithms for particle tracking velocimetry

An integrated cross-correlation/relaxation algorithm for particle tracking velocimetry is presented. The aim of this integration is to provide a flexible methodology able to analyze images with different seeding and flow conditions. The method is based on the improvement of the individual performance of both matching methods by combining their characteristics in a two-stage process. Analogous to the hybrid particle image velocimetry method, the combined algorithm starts with a solution obtained by the cross-correlation algorithm, which is further refined by the application of the relaxation algorithm in the zones where the cross-correlation method shows low reliability. The performance of the three algorithms, cross-correlation, relaxation method and the integrated cross-correlation/relaxation algorithm, is compared and analyzed using synthetic and large-scale experimental images. The results show that in case of high velocity gradients and heterogeneous seeding, the integrated algorithm improves the overall performance of the individual algorithms on which it is based, in terms of number of valid recovered vectors, with a lower sensitivity to the individual control parameters.     

Hamilton体系下介电弹性体圆形薄膜的动力学建模与辛求解

采用辛算法研究了Hamilton体系下介电弹性体圆形薄膜的动力学响应。首先,将该问题引入Hamilton对偶变量体系,借助Legendre变换,给出系统的广义动量和Hamilton函数,通过对Hamilton函数作用量的变分,得到Hamilton体系下的正则方程。其次,对于得到的正则方程给出了辛Runge-Kutta的计算格式。最后,采用二级四阶辛Runge-Kutta算法对动力学系统进行了数值求解,和四级四阶经典Runge-Kutta算法进行对比,结果表明,二级四阶辛Runge-Kutta算法具有保能量以及长时间数值稳定的优势,同时说明四级四阶经典Runge-Kutta算法对于步长依赖的局限性。     

GPS/INS组合导航系统中的高斯粒子滤波混和算法

采用非线性滤波器的惯性组合导航系统中,非线性滤波器的精度和实时性直接决定了惯性组合导航系统的性能.计算量和精度之间的矛盾是制约粒子滤波在GPS/INS组合导航系统中应用的主要因素.在分析高斯粒子滤波算法原理的基础上,提出了一种高斯粒子滤波混和算法,对系统线性部分采用线性递推方式,对系统非线性部分采用非线性递推方式,从而提高高斯粒子滤波精度和实时性.针对GPS/INS组合导航系统,混和算法利用卡尔曼滤波的线性递推方式进行量测更新,仿真结果表明混和算法在较少粒子条件下,相对高斯粒子滤波算法精度提高20％,滤波时间降低40％.     

Identification of vibration loads on hydro generator by using hybrid genetic algorithm

Vibration dynamic characteristics have been a major issue in the modeling and mechanical analysis of large hydro generators. An algorithm is developed for identifying vibration dynamic characteristics by means of hybrid genetic algorithm. From the measured dynamic responses of a hydro generator, an appropriate estimation algorithm is needed to identify the loading parameters, including the main frequencies and amplitudes of vibrating forces. In order to identify parameters in an efficient and robust manner, an optimization method is proposed that combines genetic algorithm with simulated annealing and elitist strategy. The hybrid genetic algorithm is then used to tackle an ill-posed problem of parameter identification, in which the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method is confirmed by its comparison with actual observation data.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472025). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

不同网格扭曲率下压力修正全隐算法——IDEAL求解性能研究

2008年,本文作者和陶文铨等提出了一种用于速度和压力耦合求解的高效稳定压力修正全隐算法IDEAL,该算法通过在每个迭代层次上对压力方程进行两次内迭代计算,完全克服了SIMPLE算法的两个假设,充分满足了速度和压力之间的耦合,从而大大提高了计算的收敛性和健壮性。为了进一步实现IDEAL算法的推广应用,本文基于三维倾斜方腔顶盖驱动流动,研究了IDEAL算法在不同网格扭曲率下的求解特性。研究发现,在不同网格扭曲率下,IDEAL算法的健壮性和收敛性均优于SIMPLE算法,特别在高网格扭曲率情况下,IDEAL算法求解性能更加优于SIMPLE算法。在不同网格扭曲率下,IDEAL算法健壮性保持不变,几乎可以在任意速度亚松弛因子下获得收敛的解,同时IDEAL算法最短计算耗时较SIMPLE算法减少了56%~89%,验证了IDEAL算法的优越性。     

NON-INTERIOR SMOOTHING ALGORITHM FOR FRICTIONAL CONTACT PROBLEMS

A new algorithm for solving the three-dimensional elastic contact problem with friction is presented. The algorithm is a non-interior smoothing algorithm based on an NCP-function. The parametric variational principle and parametric quadratic programming method were applied to the analysis of three-dimensional frictional contact problem. The solution of the contact problem was finally reduced to a linear complementarity problem, which was reformulated as a system of nonsmooth equations via an NCP-function. A smoothing approximation to the nonsmooth equations was given by the aggregate function. A Newton method was used to solve the resulting smoothing nonlinear equations. The algorithm presented is easy to understand and implement. The reliability and efficiency of this algorithm are demonstrated both by the numerical experiments of LCP in mathematical way and the examples of contact problems in mechanics.     

基于Allan方差解耦自适应滤波的旋转SINS精对准方法

对旋转式SINS精对准方法进行了研究,由于转位机构转动干扰以及惯性器件误差不确定性带来的影响,旋转式SINS状态方程和量测方程噪声方差参数难以确定,进而导致初始对准精度降低,针对这个问题引入自适应Kalman滤波技术。Sage-Husa是一种常用的自适应滤波算法,但是存在噪声参数强耦合缺陷。通过研究Allan方差与量测噪声方差之间的关系,利用Allan方差滤波器具有带通滤波的特点,独立计算量测噪声协方差阵R_k,该方法能够有效克服Sage-Husa滤波耦合问题,相比其它改进方法具有简单易实现等特点。对该研究进行了仿真实验与实际系统验证实验,结果表明:对于中等精度光纤陀螺单轴旋转SINS,自适应Kalman滤波算法航向角对准精度比标准Kalman滤波算法精度要高0.6’左右,且在误差估计过程中,自适应Kalman滤波器能够更好地抑制外界干扰误差的影响,是一种较好的精对准方法。     

Using Linear Matrix Inequalities in Synthesis of a Stabilizing System for a Hopping Apparatus

The stabilization of a hopping apparatus is studied. After the design and the principles of control of such an apparatus are described in brief, an optimization algorithm for periodic systems with uncertainty is stated. This algorithm is based on linear matrix inequalities. It is shown how the algorithm can be used to synthesize a system stabilizing a hopping apparatus. The results of a mathematical simulation of such an apparatus, whose control system was synthesized by the above-mentioned algorithm, are presented     

Parametric variational solution of linear-quadratic optimal control problems with control inequality constraints

A parametric variational principle and the corresponding numerical algo- rithm are proposed to solve a linear-quadratic （LQ） optimal control problem with control inequality constraints. Based on the parametric variational principle, this control prob- lem is transformed into a set of Hamiltonian canonical equations coupled with the linear complementarity equations, which are solved by a linear complementarity solver in the discrete-time domain. The costate variable information is also evaluated by the proposed method. The parametric variational algorithm proposed in this paper is suitable for both time-invariant and time-varying systems. Two numerical examples are used to test the validity of the proposed method. The proposed algorithm is used to astrodynamics to solve a practical optimal control problem for rendezvousing spacecrafts with a finite low thrust. The numerical simulations show that the parametric variational algorithm is ef- fective for LQ optimal control problems with control inequality constraints.     

深圳机场软基处理的研究

小波分析是一个国际研究热点．小波包算法结果包含了Ｍａｌａｔ算法结果．小波包原算法是按小波包基顺序排列的，本文提出按频带顺序排列的小波包新算法，数值模拟以及实际应用都说明了它的正确性和优越性．对小波理论的工程化具有重大意义     

空间机器人执行器自适应分散容错控制算法设计

针对执行器发生部分失效故障的漂浮基空间机器人系统,提出了一种自适应H_∞分散容错控制算法。利用拉格朗日第二类方程建立了系统的动力学模型。根据分散原理将系统分解为以基座或臂杆为单元的多个子系统,并将表示执行器控制能力的有效因子融入到每个子系统,使得单个子系统的执行器故障不会影响相邻执行器的正常运行。通过对每个故障子系统设计形式一致的自适应容错算法实现对整个系统的容错控制。仿真结果表明,与现有某非奇异终端滑模容错算法相比,本文算法具有更快的跟踪速度和更高的跟踪精度。     

脆性材料破坏模拟的网格生成算法

脆性材料的破坏过程具有随机性,当前的网格生成算法没有充分考虑脆性材料破坏时裂纹扩展和碎块生成的随机性。在Persson网格生成算法与Delaunay随机网格剖分理论基础上,提出了一种可根据模拟需要动态控制网格品质的网格生成算法。通过对随机分布点的Delauna三角化,生成初始网格,然后将网格体系比拟为桁架结构,网格节点即为桁架节点。桁架节点在虚拟力作用下可动态调整位置,并最终达到整个体系受力平衡。对Persson 算法中的尺寸分布函数和收敛条件进行了修正,从而提高了收敛速度,并适用于任意形状对象的网格剖分。 基于VC++平台开发了算法程序。通过实例对算法进行了验证,表明算法能够满足脆性材料破碎模拟的需要。     

Parallel adaptive refinement for unsteady flow calculations on 3D unstructured grids

A parallel adaptive refinement algorithm for three‐dimensional unstructured grids is presented. The algorithm is based on an hierarchical h‐refinement/derefinement scheme for tetrahedral elements.The algorithm has been fully parallelized for shared‐memory platforms via a domain decomposition of the mesh at the algebraic level. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated with applications which involve unsteady compressible fluid flow. A parallel speedup study of the algorithm also is included. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

捷联惯导姿态算法的测试输入研究

总结了经典圆锥运动、广义圆锥运动、规则进动运动、随机角运动、温和环境等捷联姿态算法的测试输入及各自评价姿态算法性能的标准。推导出了不同频率的圆锥运动的角速率，并考查了其不可交换性误差特性，证明在此输入下算法的性能可以由经典圆锥运动来反映。提出了沿参考坐标系方向的圆锥运动，推导出了机体的角速率，并对其不可交换性误差进行了仿真研究。最后给出了在此输入下姿态算法的评价方法。沿参考坐标系方向的圆锥运动是一种新的更为普遍的测试输入。     

Fractional step algorithm for estuarine mass transport

A successful and economical fractional step algorithm for the convection-dispersion-reaction equation is described. Exact solutions are adopted for the reaction and convection steps, the latter by the introduction of a moving co-ordinate system. The dispersion step uses an optimized finite difference algorithm which specifically accommodates the grid non-uniformity. The excellent performance of the algorithm is confirmed by numerical experiments together with computations of the Fourier response and integrated square error characteristics.