一种求解任意入射波束的波束因子的方法

提出了一种将任意入射波束因子用矢量波函数展开的方法，根据波束在球坐标系中的展开形式，以及球谐矢量函数与非球坐标系的波矢量函数之间的关系，推导出任意入射波束在相应坐标系中的波束因子的理论表述形式.以椭球坐标系为例，介绍了将离轴的入射波束，用椭球矢量波函数展开的波束因子求解方法，此方法还可应用于柱坐标、椭柱坐标系中波束因子的求解，为研究粒子对任意入射波束的散射打下了基础. 关键词： 波束因子 广义米理论 光散射     

Debye Series of Scattering by a Multi-Layered Cylinder in an Off-Axis 2D Gaussian Beam

The Debye series of light scattering by an infinite multi-layered cylinder in an off-axis 21） Gaussian beam is studied. A simplified but rigorous iterative formula for scattering coefficients is presented. The numerical calculations of scattering intensity by a cylinder in on-axis and off-axis beams are developed. It is indicated that the results of Debye series reach an agreement with those of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and the off-axis distances vary the results to a great extent. The Debye series components of a two-layered cylinder are further discussed. The relations between them with rainbow phenomena are analysed.     

Spectral shift of a twisted electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam focused by a thin lens

Spectral changes of a twisted electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beam focused by a thin lens are investigated by using a tensor method. It is shown that the spectral shift is mainly determined by the degree of polarization, twist phase and correlation coefficients of the initial beam. Generically the blue shift occurs at on-axis points, while the red shift can occur at off-axis points.     

Achromatic nulling interferometer for stellar coronography

A common-path interferometer that is intended for observation of a faint off-axis light source against the background of an intense on-axis source is suggested. The on-axis source and its replicated image acquire an achromatic phase shift of 180° and interfere in antiphase. The achromatic phase shift is due to the geometrical phase in the configuration of a 3D interferometer. Interference spatially separates the dark and bright fields of the on-axis source by directing them to different sides of a beam splitter. At the same time, interference does not attenuate the field of the off-axis source, directing it to different sides of the beam splitter with equal intensities. Such a configuration of the common-path interferometer provides mechanical stability.     

Estimation of turbulence spectra parameters from log-amplitude fluctuations spectra of an optical wave

From the general formula for the temporal frequency log-amplitude fluctuations spectra the asymptotic expressions are found, valid for the geometric and wave approximations. A comparison of the plane and spherical wave formulas with those valid for the beam wave is made in all frequency regions. The difference between the on-axis and off-axis beam spectra is presented. The possibility of estimating from the log-amplitude scintillations the inner and outer scales of turbulence together with the exponent of turbulence spectra in the subrange is briefly discussed.     

Off-axis sonar beam pattern of free-ranging finless porpoises measured by a stereo pulse event data logger

The off-axis sonar beam patterns of eight free-ranging finless porpoises were measured using attached data logger systems. The transmitted sound pressure level at each beam angle was calculated from the animal's body angle, the water surface echo level, and the swimming depth. The beam pattern of the off-axis signals between 45 degrees and 115 degrees (where 0 degrees corresponds to the on-axis direction) was nearly constant. The sound pressure level of the off-axis signals reached 162 dB re 1 microPa peak-to-peak. The surface echo level received at the animal was over 140 dB, much higher than the auditory threshold level of small odontocetes. Finless porpoises are estimated to be able to receive the surface echoes of off-axis signals even at 50-m depth. Shallow water systems (less than 50-m depth) are the dominant habitat of both oceanic and freshwater populations of this species. Surface echoes may provide porpoises not only with diving depth information but also with information about surface direction and location of obstacles (including prey items) outside the on-axis sector of the sonar beam.     

Ta2O5 thin-films deposited by off-axis and on-axis pulsed laser deposition techniques

The crystalline properties of Ta₂O₅ thin films deposited by an off-axis aperture-installation-type pulsed laser deposition technique are investigated and the results are compared with the results for films deposited by the conventional on-axis technique. No significant difference in the substrate temperature dependence is seen between films deposited on-axis or off-axis at a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz. When the repetition frequency is lowered, the degree of c-axis orientation is increased in both films. This tendency is more pronounced in the off-axis films. Therefore it is found that the off-axis aperture-installation-type pulsed laser deposition technique is effective not only for decreasing the density of droplets, but also for obtaining more highly c-axis-oriented crystalline films.     

Passive combination of multiple beams in an optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering

We demonstrate passive combination of multiple beams in an optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Four off-axis beams are combined in a long multimode optical fiber using a novel all-optical mount. The combined beam has the high spatial coherence properties of the LP(01) mode owing to the beam cleanup properties of SBS. The threshold for SBS when off-axis pumps are used is shown to be a factor of 13 times higher than for on-axis pump beams. We propose this method would improve the brightness of an array of fiber amplifiers.     

矢量非傍轴离轴高斯光束的传输

基于矢量瑞利-索末菲衍射积分公式，得出了波动方程的一个解，它代表矢量非傍轴离轴高斯光束，其在自由空间的传输方程表示为解析的结果.矢量非傍轴离轴高斯光束的轴上和远场公式，矢量非傍轴高斯光束的传输方程，以及傍轴的结果都可作为一般表达式的特例而得出.研究表明，f参数对光束的非傍轴特性有重要影响，而离心参数也影响非傍轴行为.与共轴情况不同的是，对离轴情况，在y方向存在场的纵向分量. 关键词： 激光光学 矢量非傍轴离轴高斯光束 瑞利-索末菲衍射积分 f参数 离轴参数     

Intensification and location of relativistic laser pulses against pointing fluctuations with micro-tube plasma lenses

We analyze, via an off-axis incident model and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the influence of beam pointing fluctuations (BPFs) on the propagation properties of relativistic laser pulses in micro-tubes. It is observed that the in-tube laser intensity can be further amplified in the BPFs-induced off-axis incident case. But the intensification factor exhibits strong polarization-dependence. When the laser pulse is linearly polarized in the off-axis incident plane (p-polarization), more electrons may be dragged out from about a half of the tube inner surface in each across section than in the on-axis incident case, enhancing the effects of relativistic nonlinearity and channel focusing. The area for generating more electrons is reduced by one half in the s-polarization case, resulting in less efficient light intensification. The BPFs-induced off-axis incident also leads to pulse shortening. Moreover, light confinement in the tube core is evident and the laser pulse tends to be coaxial with the tube.     

Experimental characterization of an off-axis scheme for pumping high-power photonic crystal fiber lasers

We experimentally investigate a free-space, off-axis method for pumping high-power photonic crystal fiber (PCF) lasers and amplifiers. The method is based on off-axis injection of the pump beam, exploiting the relatively high numerical aperture of the PCF pump cladding. With this method, we obtain pump coupling efficiency of more than 97 % for incidence angles as high as 30 degrees and show that with more than 60-W pump power the laser efficiency and beam quality do not significantly depend on the incidence angle. Our results indicate that this off-axis pumping method, with its significant advantages over the standard on-axis methods, can be exploited in high-power photonic crystal lasers and amplifiers.     

Interaction of the vortex and edge dislocation embedded in a cosh-Gaussian beam

The interaction of the vortex and edge dislocation embedded in a cosh-Gaussion (ChG) beam is studied, where the both dislocations are on-axis, off-axis, or one is on-(off-) axis. It is shown that by varying a beam parameter of the ChG background beam or in the free-space propagation, the break-up of the edge dislocation and the motion, creation and annihilation of vortices may take place. In the vortex evolution process the topological charge is not conserved in general. The results are illustrated numerically and compared with the previous work.     

人造钠信标角度非等晕性的实验研究

为实际验证较大角度偏移(θ≈50μrad)条件下人造钠信标探测光路与科学目标光路之间经历大气湍流波前畸变的相关特性及其影响,开展了基于时序同步探测的人造钠信标角度非等晕性实验测量研究,利用单哈特曼波前传感器实现了对自然星回光点阵以及50μrad角度偏移钠信标共振回光点阵的同步测量,获得了时序同帧钠信标与自然星回光的波前序列,并从两者波前二维分布及Zernike模式的统计相关性、非等晕误差的Zernike模式统计分布特性及其对目标成像影响等方面对实验结果进行了较全面的分析.结果表明,50μrad的角度偏离导致两者波前仅低阶模式之间保持着一定相关性(如第3—9阶),而非同轴钠信标偏离望远镜接收口径的大气湍流误采样带来其探测波前与自然星波前之间部分高阶模式相关性的严重退化,致使目标成像点扩散函数Strehl比(0.31—0.22)、光学质量β(2.70—3.35)的下降,该影响不容忽视.最后,依据实验大气条件完成非等晕误差测量结果与理论计算结果的对比分析,获得了理论与实验相符的结果.     

Spectral shift of a stochastic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam in a Gaussian cavity

Spectral changes of a stochastic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beam interacting with a Gaussian cavity are investigated. It is shown that the spectral shift is mainly determined by the degree of polarization of the initial beam and by the parameters of the cavity. Generically the blue shift occurs at on-axis points, while the red shift can occur at off-axis points. The condition under which the relative spectral shift is independent of the degree of polarization of the initial beam is analyzed.     

Neutrino beam properties of T2K experiment

The neutrino on-axis and off-axis beam was studied in the near neutrino detector of the longbaseline experiment T2K: beam composition, long-term stability, and spatial asymmetry.     

二维高斯波束对多层球粒子电磁散射的解析解

基于矢量波函数在球和柱坐标系中表达式之间的转换关系,提出了一种求解球坐标系中二维高斯波束波形因子的方法,得到了二维高斯波束波形因子在球坐标系中的解析公式.结合广义米理论推导了在轴二维高斯波束入射多层球粒子的电磁散射的解析解,并对散射强度随散射角的分布进行了数值模拟,结果与平面波入射情况进行了比较. 关键词： 矢量波函数 波形因子 电磁散射 广义米理论     

Temporal and spectral properties of ultrashort pulsed Laguerre-Gaussian beams in dispersive media

The temporal and spectral properties of ultrashort pulsed Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams propagating in dispersive media are studied both theoretically and numerically. It is shown that the on-axis pulse broadens with increasing propagation distance and the on-axis spectrum is blueshifted. For the off-axis spectrum the blueshifts decrease and then the spectrum becomes redshifted as the radial distance increases. The propagation of ultrashort pulsed LG beams in free space and of ultrashort pulsed Gaussian beams can be regarded as special cases of our results, and some interesting properties are discussed.     

Average intensity and spectral shifts of a partially coherent standard or elegant Laguerre-Gaussian beam beyond paraxial approximation

With the help of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, an analytical formula for the spectral density of a nonparaxial polychromatic partially coherent (NPPC) standard or elegant Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam propagating through free space is derived. The evolution properties of the intensity distribution of a NPPC standard or elegant LG beam are studied numerically. It is found that the behavior of the intensity distribution of the NPPC standard or elegant LG beam is determined by the initial beam parameters (i.e., beam waist size, spatial coherence width and beam orders). Furthermore, we also study the influence of the initial beam parameters on the spectral change of a NPPC standard or elegant LG beam upon propagation in free space. It is shown that the on-axis spectral shift of a NPPC standard LG beam is almost the same with that of a NPPC elegant LG beam when the initial beam parameters of two type beams are identical. However, the difference between the off-axis spectral shift between a NPPC standard LG beam and a NPPC elegant LG beam is enhanced with the decrease of beam waist size or with the increase of spatial coherence width and beam mode orders.