用电子鼻研究不同烘丝过程对卷烟挥发性成分的影响

采用电子鼻对卷烟烟丝挥发性组分进行分析,分别考察了前处理制样与电子鼻顶空平衡时间对结果的影响。确定采用三包卷烟的烟丝作为大样本,混合均匀后称取适量样品直接电子鼻分析,电子鼻顶空平衡温度为55℃。应用电子鼻在该参数下对不同烘丝方式和温度参数处理的卷烟烟丝挥发性成分进行气味指纹图谱和PCA分析,同连续流动法测定的常规化学成分结果作了比较,结果表明电子鼻能够反映规常规化学成分检测手段不能区分的不同烘丝过程带来的挥发性组分改变。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤和地下水中的甲基叔丁基醚

建立顶空–气相色谱–质谱法测定土壤和地下水中甲基叔丁基醚的检测方法。对顶空萃取进样器的工作条件进行优化,确定了最佳的顶空萃取条件:顶空平衡温度为85℃,顶空瓶恒温时间为30 min,平衡时间为1 min,传输线温度为110℃,进样针温度为90℃,进样时间为0.2 min,拔针时间为0.4 min。甲基叔丁基醚的质量浓度在10～200μg/L范围内与响应值呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r~2≥0.990。土壤和地下水中甲基叔丁基醚的检出限分别为1.2μg/kg,1.0μg/L,加标回收率分别为80.0%～94.8%,86.0%～100.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.35%～13.2%,2.84%～9.53%(n=6)。该方法具有良好的精密度与准确度,适用于土壤和地下水中甲基叔丁基醚的分析检测。     

静态顶空/气相色谱-质谱联用快速测定茶粉中残留溶剂

在基质改性剂H2O,平衡温度55℃,进样针温度60℃,传输线温度65℃,平衡加热时间30min,顶空气体进样量0.2mL等顶空取样条件下,建立了静态顶空取样,气-质联用技术快速测定茶粉中残留溶剂乙酸乙酯、氯仿的方法。结果表明该方法简单快速、准确度高、重复性好。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中香叶醇

建立了一种应用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)联用分析测定茶叶中香叶醇(Geraniol)的方法。通过考察萃取头型号、茶水比、萃取温度、萃取时间、解吸附温度和解吸附时间等影响因素,确定最佳HS-SPME条件为:DVB/CAR/PDMS型号萃取头、茶水比1:6、萃取温度60℃、萃取时间60 min;气相色谱最佳解吸附条件为:进样口温度240℃、解吸附时间3 min。在优化条件下茶叶样品中的香叶醇得到较好的提取,GC-MS检测线性范围为0.08~16.50μg/g,检出限(S/N≥3)为9.42×10-3μg/g,空白基质加标回收率为89.8%~105.9%。在对24种茶样进行检测后,香叶醇含量范围为0.13~11.85μg/g,相对标准偏差为1.8%~9.7%。方法能满足茶叶样品中香叶醇分析测定的需要。     

稀硫酸吸收-顶空气相色谱法测定环境空气中吡啶

建立了稀硫酸吸收、顶空进样、气相色谱法测定环境空气中吡啶的方法。利用稀硫酸作为吸收液吸收环境空气中的吡啶，将吸收液转移至顶空瓶中，用氢氧化钠溶液调节吸收液的酸碱度，并加入氯化钠减少吡啶的溶解度，加热平衡后取上部空间气体注入气相色谱仪进样口分析，制作标准工作曲线，可以准确测定环境空气中吡啶的含量。最优实验条件：使用多孔玻板吸收管采集样品；采样流量为0.5 L/min；样品测定时pH需大于12；顶空加热温度为80℃，平衡时间为30 min，阀温度和传输线温度为120℃。吡啶在0.20～10.0μg/mL质量浓度范围内线性良好，检出限为0.02 mg/m³，测定值的相对标准偏差为2.6%～8.7%(n=6)，标准回收率为88.0%～105.3%。环境空气样品应在采集后立即测定，若延迟测定，应于0～4℃存放，可保存7 d。     

顶空液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法快速测定饮料中苯和甲苯

建立了顶空液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定饮料中苯和甲苯的方法。在对顶空液相微萃取(head-space liquid-phase microextraction,HS-LPME)实验条件优化的基础上,确定了最佳实验条件:以1.6μL正辛醇作为有机萃取剂,在萃取温度为50℃、萃取时间为5min,搅拌速度为750r/min,液滴离萃取瓶瓶塞2.0cm的条件下,萃取4.00mLNaCl含量为4.00mol/L的样品水溶液,取0.4μL的有机萃取剂直接进样。实验结果表明,苯和甲苯的富集倍数分别为94和191,方法检出限分别为0.090μg/L和0.093μg/L,线性范围为0.5～60μg/L(r>0.999)。将该方法应用于饮料中苯和甲苯的测定,回收率为93.6%和98.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.94%和2.69%。方法简单、快速且成本低、可信度高,适用于饮料和水样中苯和甲苯的快速分析。     

多次顶空-捕集阱捕集/气相色谱质谱联用分析皮革中的挥发性有机物

建立了多次顶空-捕集阱捕集/气相色谱质谱联用-基质加标校正曲线测定皮革中的挥发性有机物的方法。在10 m L无挥发性有机物的试剂水中加入1g皮革样品和2 g NaCl,顶空时间30 min,温度80℃,捕集阱加压循环3次。气质联用法分析皮革中的挥发性有机物,采用DB-624(60 m×0.25 mm×1.4μm)的色谱柱分离挥发性有机物,并采用基质加标校正标准曲线对目标化合物进行定量。目标化合物在1~400μg/L或20~400μg/L的内线性关系良好,R在0.995~0.999之间,不同浓度的加标回收率在80.8%~125%之间,相对标准偏差在1.3%~16%之间,检出限在0.08~21.7μg/kg。     

顶空气相色谱法测定食用植物油中苯、甲苯和二甲苯

建立顶空气相色谱法测定食用植物油中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的残留量的分析方法。样品采用自动顶空进样技术，经TG-624型毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm,1.4μm）分离后，用氢火焰离子化检测器检测。采取分流进样，分流比为25∶1；色谱柱程序升温，初温温度为40℃，保持1 min，以10℃/min升温至100℃，保持1 min，再以40℃/min升温至250℃，保持1 min；顶空平衡时间为30 min，顶空平衡温度为70℃。苯、甲苯和二甲苯的标准曲线相关系数为0.998～0.999 5，方法检出限为0.07～0.18 mg/kg，回收率为90.4%～104%，相对标准偏差为1.5%～4.2%(n=7)。该方法能够满足食用植物油中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的残留量检测。     

基质匹配顶空-气相色谱法测定纺织品中DMF,DMAC与NMP

建立了基质匹配顶空-气相色谱法同时测定纺织品中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)与N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)残留。剪碎样品后,在190℃下加热30 min,使3种溶剂在气固两相间达到平衡,取顶空气体进气相色谱以氮磷检测器检测。以基体匹配校正法消除基质效应,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。DMF,DMAC,NMP在0.4~500.0μg范围内线性关系良好;3种物质的平均回收率为89.6%~96.1%;RSD(n=6)为1.6%~3.1%;DM F,DM AC与NM P方法检出限均为0.5μg/g。     

静态顶空-气相色谱/质谱法同时检测环境水体中59种挥发性有机物

静态顶空法是一种简单、环保的样品前处理方法.通过对比试验,优化了影响静态顶空进样方法灵敏度的主要因素,确定了较佳的样品盐度(40%)、平衡温度(80℃)、平衡时间(10 min)、平衡压力(0.103 4 MPa)、定量环平衡时间(20 s)、进样时间(3 min)等前处理方法参数.采用优化后水样前处理条件及1.00 k V的检测器电压,59种挥发性有机物在特定的线性范围内,标准曲线线性相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为丙烯腈4.4μg/L、硝基苯7.6μg/L,其余挥发性有机物(VOCs)介于0.06~1.4μg/L,饮用水源水及污水处理厂进水实际样品加标回收率为60%~110%,精密度(RSD)为0.33%~22%(n=6).建立的静态顶空-气相色谱/质谱法(HS-GC/MS)水样前处理过程自动化,可同时对水中59种挥发性有机物进行检测.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.