微波辅助-微固相在线萃取/气相色谱质谱联用法对污泥中19种多氯联苯的测定

建立了微波辅助-微固相在线萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定污泥中19种多氯联苯(PCBs)含量的分析方法。对微波辅助-微固相在线萃取条件进行优化,得出最优萃取条件为:萃取温度60℃,萃取时间25 min,解吸溶剂为乙酸乙酯,解吸剂用量150μL,解吸时间25 min。在优化条件下,方法的检出限为0.2~2.5 ng/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于14%,回收率为81.4%~102.1%。与传统的微波萃取、微固相萃取、超声萃取等方法相比,该方法集萃取、净化和浓缩于一体,极大地缩短了分析时间,适合于复杂环境样品体系中痕量PCBs的分析检测。     

微波吸收介质管-微波辅助提取水果中的有机磷农药

使用自行设计的微波吸收介质管辅助加热样品, 建立了一种新的微波加速提取法, 并以正己烷为提取溶剂, 利用改装的便携式微波提取仪提取了水果中的4种有机磷农药. 将微波介质密封于玻璃管内制成微波介质管, 使微波介质可重复使用, 同时加快了提取速度. 提取产物无需纯化, 可直接用于气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析. 自行设计改装的交直流两用便携式微波提取仪可用于野外现场的快速样品前处理. 以水果样品为例, 对提取溶剂的种类、 料液比、 提取温度及提取时间等条件进行了优化, 结果表明该方法简便、 快速且高效. 4种有机磷农药的回收率为79.4% ~107.6%, RSD<12.20%, 检出限为0.15 ~0.42 μg/kg.     

微波辐射溶剂提取-分光光度法测定农吉利中的总黄酮

采用微波辐射溶剂法提取农吉利中的总黄酮。研究了微波功率、微波辐射时间、提取溶剂用量、提取温度、提取时间等实验条件。以牡荆素作为目标物表征,利用UV法测定了提取液中总黄酮。实验结果表明:与常规溶剂回流提取相比,在相同的提取条件下用微波辐射处理药材后再进行提取,其提取率明显提高,山东和广西样品中总黄酮的提取率分别提高48.3%和23.2%。该方法的加标回收率为94.2%~105.5%,重复测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%(n=6)。该法用于农吉利中总黄酮的提取和测定,处理方法简单,测定结果可靠。     

注射泵辅助微固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法检测大米中有机磷类农药残留

采用水热法一步合成了氨基官能化MIL-101(Cr)金属骨架材料,将其作为注射泵辅助微固相萃取吸附剂,结合气相色谱-串联质谱检测,建立了稻米中6种有机磷农药的快速分离分析新方法。对前处理过程的条件进行优化,得到最优条件：材料用量5 mg、上样溶液pH=7.0,上样溶液盐浓度为5%NaCl,解吸溶剂丙酮的解吸体积为5 mL,最佳解吸速率0.7 mL/min。在最优条件下,6种有机磷农药在空白稻米样品中低中高三种添加浓度的回收率在83.0%～113.3%之间,日内日间相对标准偏差小于12.5%,表明所建立的方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。最后,将所建立的方法用于实际稻米样品中有机磷农药残留的分析,取得了很好的效果。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法对栀子中11种有机磷农药残留的检测

建立了高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测栀子中11种有机磷农药残留量的分析方法。样品以乙腈为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取,经Carb/PSA固相萃取柱净化,液质联用仪测定。11种有机磷农药在125~2 000μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9955~0.9998。在50、100、500μg/kg 3个添加水平的平均加标回收率为84%~107%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~10.9%。     

果实类中药材中20种有机磷农药残留量的同时测定

建立了果实类中药材中多种有机磷农药残留同时测定的方法,并对影响提取、净化、检测效率的因素进行优化。样品用乙酸乙酯提取,凝胶渗透色谱收集9~15 min流分,ENVI-Carb固相萃取柱净化,DB-1701毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器检测,外标法定量。在优化条件下,20种有机磷农药在0.01~2.0mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.996 6~0.999 5,检出限(S/N=3)为0.66~5.78μg/kg。3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.2%~109.9%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~13%。该方法操作简便、准确、净化效果好,可满足果实类中药材中多种有机磷农药残留的同时测定要求。     

毛细管气相色谱法快速测定辣椒中7种有机磷农药残留

建立同时测定辣椒中7种有机磷农药残留量的方法。用乙酸乙酯提取,经旋转浓缩后用丙酮定容,直接进样,以HP-1701毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器测定。结果表明,7种农药在10min内可很好地分离。样品加标回收率为80.8%~108.8%,方法的相对标准偏差为2.0%~10.7%(n=5)。7种农药的检出限为1.5~7.0μg/kg。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定红葡萄酒中残留的有机磷农药

采用溶胶-凝胶包埋技术制备了耐高温固相微萃取头(SPME),用该萃取头与气相色谱-热离子化检测器联用对红葡萄酒中的12种有机磷农药残留进行了测定。实验中对搅拌速度、萃取时间、盐浓度等条件进行了优化。结果表明,在样品用量25 mL,搅拌速度1250 r/min,盐浓度 150 g/L,萃取时间30 min的条件下,绝大多数组分峰面积的相对标准偏差（RSD）在5%以下,各种有机磷农药的检测限为5 ng/L到0.38 μg/L。     

用微波消解气相色谱法测定鱼肉中的有机氯农药

研究了微波消解 -有机溶剂提取 -气相色谱法测定鱼肉样品中有机氯农药的分析方法。对消解液、微波辅助加热条件及提取溶剂进行了优化实验 ,选择冰醋酸 -高氯酸 (体积比4∶1)在600W微波功率下接受辐射2min分解鱼肉样品 ,用30 % (φ)苯的石油醚溶液提取 ,对各种有机氯农药的回收率除 p,p′_DDT为60.3 %外 ,其余均在83.4 %～109.6 %之间 ,与水浴加热分解的国家标准方法相当。该法具有快速 ,灵敏度、精确度、准确度高等优点 ,适用于大批量食品和生物样品中有机氯农药的分析测定。     

中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的微波萃取/气相色谱检测

研究了采用微波辅助萃取法从中药材中提取拟除虫菊酯类农药的影响因素。拟除虫菊酯类农药用毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测。实验结果表明萃取中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的最佳微波萃取参数设置为:萃取温度80℃;萃取时间10 min;萃取压力808 kPa。在此微波萃取条件下,萃取回收率在80%~108%之间,相对标准偏差介于4.4%~5.8%,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.16μg.g-1。     

对氨基酚络合萃取机理的探讨

对氨基酚络合萃取机理的探讨;对氨基酚; 络合萃取; 萃取机理; 萃取反应热     

Focused microwave aqueous extraction of chlorophenols from solid matrices and their analysis by chromatographic techniques

Open-vessel focused microwave (FMW) extraction with a purely aqueous carbonate solution was used for the extraction of chlorophenols from various solid matrices. After SPE on C18-bonded silica, the analytes were determined as such by LC-UV or, as their acetyl derivatives, by GC-ECD. The FMW aqueous extraction is efficient and rapid and no organic solvents are used. PCP was detected in several solid samples, with recoveries of 101-115% (RSD, 2-4%) relative to Soxhlet extraction. Similar recoveries were obtained for the other chlorophenols for spiked samples.     

超声辅助液液萃取法提取烟用香精成分的研究

采用超声辅助液液萃取法(ULLE)提取某品牌烟用香精成分,GC-MS对其进行分析,研究了不同萃取剂、萃取时间和萃取温度对分析结果的影响,初步确定了最佳条件为:以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,饱和NaCl溶液作水相,室温下超声萃取5 min.又分别与同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)和传统的液液萃取法(LLE)作以比较,对ULLE法和SDE法鉴定出的化学成分、重现性和定量值进行了对比.结果表明:超声辅助液液萃取具有操作简便、快速、节能、萃取效率高、重现性好等特点,适合于烟用香精成分的提取.     

杂粮中总黄酮的提取及含量测定的实验设计

通过学生分组，采用溶剂提取法，超声提取法和微波提取法等提取方法，测定了小米、糜子、青稞、荞麦和高梁等杂粮中黄酮含量，结果表明5种杂粮中，青稞中总黄酮的含量最高。该综合实验能够锻炼大学生运用所学实验技术解决实际问题的能力，适合作为高年级本科综合实验项目开设。     

中草药化学成分提取新技术

介绍五种提取新技术棗微波萃取技术、超临界二氧化碳萃取技术、超声波提取技术、半仿生提取技术和酶法的原理和特点,以及这些新技术近年来在中草药化学成分提取工艺中的研究应用现状,并展望了它们的应用前景。     

Improved extraction and clean-up of imidazolinone herbicides from soil solutions using different solid-phase sorbents

Extraction and quantification of herbicide residues from soil are important in understanding the behaviour of persistent herbicides. This research investigated extraction and clean-up methods for imidazolinone herbicides from soil and soil amended with organic material. A series of solvent mixes, pH conditions and sorbents was tested. Across three imidazolinone herbicides: imazapyr, imazethapyr and imazaquin, 0.5 M NaOH extraction gave greater than 90% recovery from soil samples; however, 0.5 M NaOH:MeOH (80:20) resulted in higher recovery for imazaquin, but not for the other two herbicides. Of the sorbents tested, the use of chromatographic mode sequencing using C₁₈ and SCX sorbents provided consistent high (>85%) recovery of all three herbicides from soil and separation of the herbicides from other soil components by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These two methods will allow high recovery of these imidazolinone herbicides from soil and have the ability to detect these herbicides without interference from other soil components.     

Supercritical fluid extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) provides for the first time a viable option to conventional and widely used Soxhlet extraction. The ability to change the solvating power of a single supercritical fluid by changing its density is an exceedingly attractive feature. An environmentally safe alternative such as supercritical carbon dioxide to organochlorine solvents which are widely used today in many government and industrial analytical laboratories for sample preparation is desirable. SFE may also constitute a viable alternative to other popular sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and purge/trap. Much research, however, must be done in order to understand, optimize and apply this technology. For example, (a) automation of extraction, (b) matrix effects, (c) new fluids/modifiers/additives, (d) trapping efficiency, (e) recovery of extracted analytes, and (f) extraction kinetics are some areas which need a greater understanding. This review is concerned with many of these topics as they relate to trace organic analysis wherein SFE is the primary sample preparation technique.     

Comparison of alternative and conventional extraction techniques for the determination of zearalenone in corn

Naturally contaminated corn samples of different origin were extracted using two conventional techniques (blending and shaking) and three alternative approaches (ultrasonic extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction). Use of the same extraction mixture for all trials enabled the efficiency of the various extraction techniques to be compared. Extracts were filtered and directly analyzed by LC–ESI–MS, without further clean-up. The yield from the alternative extraction techniques showed efficiency to be higher than for conventional techniques. In particular, microwave-assisted extraction was slightly superior to other techniques.     

A Unified Sample Preparation System for Extraction of Various Analyte/Matrix Combinations

A supercritical fluid extraction/enhanced solvent extraction system (SFE/ESE) was used to remove polar and non-polar analytes from various matrices. Extraction of environmental pollutants from soil, additives from low density polyethylene, sulfa drugs from animal tissue, and drug from tablet was performed using both SFE and ESE. Results showed that a single instrumental system can be used to perform both ESE with organic solvents and SFE with carbon dioxide-based fluids. Each method has its own unique advantages and applications. The ability to carry out both solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction with one system has obvious economical advantages.     

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted,Microwave-Assisted and Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted Extraction on Pectin Extraction from Industrial Tomato Waste

This work aimed to study the effect of ultrasound-assisted (UAE), microwave-assisted (MAE), and ultrasound-microwave-assisted (UMAE) methods for pectin extraction from industrial tomato waste. The overall performance index from the fuzzy analytical method with three criteria, pectin yield, galacturonic acid, and lycopene content, was applied to evaluate the best extraction conditions by using the weight of 75, 20, and 5, respectively. The UAE conditions was performed at a temperature of 80 °C for 20 min with the variations in the extraction pH and the solid liquid (SL) ratio. The best UAE conditions with high pectin yield, and high total carboxyl group, as well as a lycopene content, was the pH of 1.5 and the SL ratio of 1:30. The MAE conditions was performed with variations in the microwave powers and times. The results showed that the best MAE conditions were 300 W for 10 min, which gave high pectin yield with high galacturonic acid and lycopene content. Various conditions of UMAE at the best conditions of MAE and UAE were performed and exhibited that the UAE had more positively affected the pectin yield. However, the FTIR spectra of obtained pectins from different extraction techniques showed a similar pectin structure.