超声辅助低密度溶剂分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法检测生物样品中的8种毒品

建立了生物样品中8种毒品的超声辅助分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测方法,采用密度比水低的有机溶剂甲苯作为萃取溶剂,萃取过程中不需要任何分散剂。对影响萃取富集效率的因素进行优化:将100 μL甲苯萃取剂加入到1 mL样品溶液中,超声波剧烈振荡使甲苯充分分散到样品溶液中进行萃取,离心分层后,抽取上层萃取剂供气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱分析检测。在优化条件下,分析物在各自的线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数在0.9984~0.9994之间;检出限为0.05~0.40 μg/L (S/N=3);样品加标回收率在79.3%~100.3%之间,RSD<5.7%。本方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高和重现性好等优点,可应用于生物样品中多种毒品的分析检测。     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法检测尿液中的苯丙胺类兴奋剂

建立了尿液中痕量苯丙胺类毒品的中空纤维膜液相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱检测方法。采用中空纤维膜液相微萃取技术萃取尿液中4种苯丙胺类毒品,研究萃取剂类型、体积、溶液pH、萃取时间和温度等对萃取效果的影响。尿液中4种苯丙胺类毒品的最佳萃取条件为:样品溶液pH 13,甲苯为萃取剂,搅拌速度500 r/min,30℃条件下萃取15 min;此条件下苯丙胺(AM)、甲基苯丙胺(MAM)、3,4-亚甲二氧基苯丙胺(MDA)、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)的检出限(S/N=3)分别为1.0,0.75,1.0,0.64 ng/mL,相对标准偏差分别为6.62%,3.98%,4.57%,2.35%,富集倍数分别为155,170,132,218倍。本方法可用于尿液中痕量苯丙胺类毒品的分析测定。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法同时测定血样中7种常见毒品

建立超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测血样中甲卡西酮、右美托咪啶、甲苯噻嗪、氯胺酮、哌替啶、氟哌啶醇和丁丙诺啡7种常见毒品的方法。血样经Waters Oasis MCX固相萃取柱净化后,采用ACQUITY UPLCHSS C18色谱柱(150 mm×2. 1 mm,1. 8μm)分离,流动相为乙腈-水/甲酸/甲酸铵,梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离正离子模式(ESI+),多反应监测方式(MRM)检测。7种目标物在1~200ng·mL~(-1)范围内的线性关系良好,检出限和定量限分别为0. 05~0. 1 ng·mL~(-1)和0. 2~0. 5 ng·mL~(-1),回收率在83. 2%~115. 4%之间,相对标准偏差小于7. 9%。本文方法可以同时对血样中7种常见毒品进行检测,能够满足实际检案的要求。     

气相色谱串联质谱法测定塑料制品中18种多环芳烃

建立了塑料制品中18种多环芳烃的气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱联用检测方法。塑料制品剪成0.5 mm×0.5 mm以下颗粒状,四氢呋喃超声提取,采用气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱联用法测定,内标法定量。该方法对于多环芳烃的定量限均在0.01 mg/kg以下,线性范围为1~200 ng/mL,线性相关系数(r~2)均大于0.998,平均回收率在70.6%~115%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.4%~9.8%之间(n=6)。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,准确性好,可较好地应用于塑料制品中的多环芳烃检测。     

全自动固相萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定沉积物中的多氯联苯

建立了全自动固相萃取-三重四级杆串联质谱同时测定沉积物中27种多氯联苯的分析方法。样品经1:1(体积比)丙酮正己烷超声提取后经全自动固相萃取仪净化,采用气相色谱/三重四级杆串联质谱在多反映监测模式(MRM)下进行测定。在MRM模式下用两对离子对对多氯联苯进行分析,对母离子进行了碰撞能优化;27种多氯联苯的线性范围为2~200μg/L,线性的相关系数(r~2)﹥0.9945,方法检出限在0.023~0.060μg/kg之间,加标回收率为84.0%~118%,相对标准偏差﹤6.5%。     

直接进样杆大气压电离源-高分辨质谱法快速检测水果中的乙氧基喹啉残留

将直接进样杆大气压电离源(DIP-APCI)与串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(QTOFMS)联用,无需复杂样品前处理和色谱分离,建立了水果中乙氧基喹啉的快速检测方法。采用等体积进样和内标标准曲线法,提高了常压直接分析质谱的定量准确性,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式扫描,可有效降低基质干扰。该方法在0.1~10μg·mL~(-1)浓度范围内呈线性,相关系数R=0.9991,检测限为0.05mg·kg~(-1),在样品中分别添加0.05、2.0、5.0mg·kg~(-1)浓度水平的乙氧基喹啉,回收率为80%~106%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~8.7%。     

ASE-SPE/GC-MS/MS同时测定海洋沉积物中71种农药残留

建立了快速溶剂萃取(ASE)-固相萃取(SPE)/气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱同时测定海洋沉积物中71种农药残留的方法。结果表明,ASE的最佳萃取条件为:温度100℃,静态时间5 min,循环1次。在此条件下,样品经正己烷-丙酮(1∶1)萃取,石墨化碳柱净化,多离子反应监测(MRM)模式测定,各种农药在1.0~500.0μg·L-1范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.99),方法的检出限(LOD,3σ)为0.29~108.43μg·kg-1。空白样品在100μg·kg-1加标水平下的回收率为51.3%~104.6%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.1%~13.5%。应用建立的方法,对实际样品进行分析,共检测出31种农药。     

中空纤维液相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用检测水中的氯化苄

建立了一种以中空纤维液相微萃取(HF-LPME)前处理样品,利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)对水中痕量氯化苄进行检测的方法。优化的实验条件为:3.0μL甲苯为萃取溶剂,在中等搅拌速率下室温萃取15 min。方法的线性范围为1~100μg/L,线性相关系数r=0.9995;检出限为0.5μg/L(S/N=3);相对标准偏差为5.37%(n=5)。用于水库水和被污染河水的测定,加标回收率分别为95.7%和93.6%,结果满意。     

超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆线性离子阱质谱法同时检测猪肉中33种兽药残留

建立了利用QuEChERS方法与中空纤维素膜净化相结合的样品前处理技术,以及超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-QTrap MS/MS)检测技术,同时分析猪肉中33种兽药残留的新方法。样品用乙腈溶液提取,提取液经PSA与C18混合填料及聚丙烯中空纤维超滤膜净化。采用C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。使用电喷雾正离子源(ESI+),在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测。结果表明,33种兽药标准曲线的线性关系良好,相关系数r大于0.9901。猪肉样品中,3种兽药的定量限为2.0μg·kg~(-1),其余30种为0.5μg·kg~(-1),回收率为57.1%~102.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为1.7%~22.8%。     

固相萃取-液质联用法同时测定水中的喹诺酮类和磺胺类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱三重四级杆质谱联用法同时测定水中痕量的5种喹诺酮类和6种磺胺类抗生素残留的方法,水样经过固相萃取富集后由液相色谱分离、三重四级杆质谱检测。该方法在8 min内完成对11种目标化合物的分析。喹诺酮类抗生素线性范围为0.5～50μg/L,磺胺类抗生素线性范围为1～100μg/L,相关系数均大于0.995,6次空白加标重复测定的相对标准偏差(n=6)为喹诺酮类抗生素5.3%～9.0%,磺胺类抗生素4.7%～10.2%。11种目标化合物的方法检出限在0.04～0.22 ng/L之间,实际样品的加标回收率为62.1%～137%。该方法操作简便,重现性好,可用于地表水中抗生素的检测。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。