丙醇-硫酸铵萃取钴(Ⅱ)-亚硝基R盐-溴化十六烷基三甲铵的研究和应用

研究了在硫酸铵存在下丙醇 亚硝基R盐 溴化十六烷基三甲铵体系萃取钴 (Ⅱ )的行为及丙醇水溶液的分相条件 ,结果表明 ,在pH 6 .2的NaOH KH2 PO4 缓冲溶液中 ,在硫酸铵存在下 ,钴 (Ⅱ ) 亚硝基R盐 CTMAB的离子缔合配合物可被丙醇相完全萃取 ,而Fe3 + 、Al3 + 、Cu2 + 、Ni2 + 、Cd2 + 、Zn2 + 、Mn2 + 等基本不被萃取。丙醇相中 ,配合物的最大吸收波长为 4 2 0nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 5 .15× 10 4 L·mol- 1·cm- 1,钴含量在 0～ 10 μg/5ml范围内符合比耳定律。经测定 ,配合物中钴与亚硝基R盐组成比为钴 (Ⅱ )∶R =1∶3。讨论了反应体系的萃取机理 ,方法已用于人发等生物样品中微量钴的测定 ,结果满意     

在硫酸铵存在下Cu(Ⅱ)-1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚-吐温80萃取体系的研究和应用

研究了硫酸铵-1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚-吐温80体系萃取Cu(Ⅱ)的行为及最佳分相条件。结果表明,在pH 6.8~8.5的NaOH-KH2PO4缓冲溶液中,在硫酸铵存在下,Cu(Ⅱ)-1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚的配合物可被吐温80固相完全富集而与Fe3+、Al3+、Co2+、Ni2+、Zn2+等定量分离。配合物最大吸收波长为560 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数7.35×104L.mol-1.cm-1,铜含量在0~14μg/10 mL范围内服从比耳定律。方法已用于粮食、茶叶等生物样品中痕量铜的测定,测定结果的RSD(n=7)小于4.1%,回收率在98.6%~103.9%之间。     

2-(5-碘-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺的合成及其与铑(Ⅲ)的高灵敏显色反应的研究

合成了新显色剂2-(5-碘-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺(5-I-PADMA),并研究了其与铑(Ⅲ)的显色反应。结果表明,在pH4.0~6.2的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲介质中,铑(Ⅲ)与5-I-PADMA可形成稳定的1∶2配合物,该配合物呈现2个吸收峰,分别位于557、597 nm处。配合物形成后,以适量HClO4(0.24~5.57 mol.L-1)酸化,可转变为另一种具有较高吸收特性的质子化形体,其吸收峰分别红移至564、613 nm处。表观摩尔吸光系数达ε613=1.86×105L.mol-1.cm-1,铑的质量浓度在0~0.56 mg.L-1范围内符合比尔定律。该法是目前测定痕量铑的高灵敏显色体系之一,且具有良好的选择性。所建立的方法操作简单,应用于催化剂中微量铑的测定,结果满意。     

4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚-SCN-体系吸光光度法测定微量NO2-

研究了PAR在酸性介质中质子化后与NO2-和SCN形成三元离子缔合物的最佳条件,提出了吸光光度法测定微量NO2-的新方法.在稀H2SO4介质中,三元离子缔合物的最大吸收峰位于370nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.25×104L@mol-1@cm,NO2-含量在0～50μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律.方法用于环境水样中微量NO2-的测定,结果满意.     

1, 3-双(2-(2,2-二氰乙烯基)苯氧基)-2-丙醇及其银(Ⅰ)配合物的合成、晶体结构及其荧光性质

用1,3-双(2-甲酰基苯氧基)-2-丙醇和丙二腈进行反应得到1,3-双(2-(2,2-二氰乙烯基)苯氧基)-2-丙醇配体L,然后将配体与Ag Sb F6进行配位反应,得到配合物[Ag LSb F6]n·n CHCl3(1),并用元素分析,FTIR和X-射线单晶衍射进行了表征。结果表明,配体L属于单斜晶系,空间群P21/n,晶体学参数:a=0.990 2(11)nm,b=2.181(2)nm,c=1.012 2(11)nm,β=109.374(10)°,V=2.062(4)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.277 g·cm-3,Mr=396.40,μ=0.087 mm-1,F(000)=824,R1=0.064 2,w R2=0.117 4(I>2σ(I))。配合物1属于单斜晶系,空间群P21/n,晶体学参数:a=1.270 57(11)nm,b=1.456 44(13)nm,c=1.669 85(14)nm,β=105.643(3)°,V=2.975 6(4)nm 3,Z=4,Dc=1.918 g·cm-3,Mr=859.39,μ=1.907 mm-1,F(000)=1 664,R1=0.0417,w R2=0.1 032(I>2σ(I))。在配合物1中,配体L表现为四齿配体分别与4个银(Ⅰ)离子配位,同时,每一个银(Ⅰ)离子与4个相邻配体配位形成2D层状结构。同时,研究了配体和配合物的固体荧光性质。     

1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氰-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与锌的显色反应

报道了新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氰-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成。在pH 10~12的硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,NP-40表面活性剂存在下,该试剂与锌发生显色反应,生成3∶1的红色配合物。配合物的最大吸收峰位于530 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.52×105L.mol-1.cm-1。Zn2+质量浓度在0~0.48 mg/L范围内遵守比尔定律。用该法测定人发中微量锌,结果令人满意。     

新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氰基-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与镉的显色反应

报道了新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氰基-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与镉的显色反应。在表面活性剂OP存在下,pH 11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂与镉发生显色反应,生成4∶1型的红色配合物。配合物的最大吸收峰位于525 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.02×105L.mol-1.cm-1。Cd2+的线性范围为1~0.6μg/mL。用拟定方法测定废水中微量镉,结果令人满意。     

5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯与钴显色反应的研究及应用

研究了新合成试剂5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(5-F-PADAT)与钴(Ⅱ)的显色反应。实验表明,在pH4.7~9.0范围内,钴与试剂形成紫红色配合物,其最大吸收波长位于506 nm。该配合物在无机酸作用下,可转化为另一具有较高吸收特性的质子化型体,最大吸收波长红移到565 nm,适宜的酸浓度范围分别为:0.24~3.6 mol/L HClO4、0.16~3.84 mol/L H2SO4、0.48~2.4 mol/L HCl、0.64~3.84 mol/L H3PO4。配合物表观摩尔吸光系数ε565=9.1×104L.mol-1.cm-1,钴(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0~0.5μg/mL内符合比尔定律。所拟方法已应用于维生素B12针剂中微量钴的测定。     

新显色剂4-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯的合成及其与钯显色反应的研究

合成并用红外光谱和元素分析鉴定了吡啶偶氮氨类试剂:4-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯(5-NO2-PADAB),研究了该试剂与钯的显色反应.在0.36～2.04 mol/L HClO4介质中,钯与试剂形成1:1的蓝色配合物,其最大吸收波长位于586 nm处.表观摩尔吸光系数为1.04×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,钯的质量浓度在0～1.2μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律.方法是目前测定钯的高灵敏和高选择性体系之一.     

4(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚对钪(Ⅲ)与四-(4-三甲胺基苯基)卟啉显色反应催化机理的研究

在沸水加热的条件下,在pH 7．6的硼砂-盐酸缓冲介质中,单偶氮试剂PAR能加速Sc (Ⅲ)与四-(4-三甲胺基苯基)卟啉(TAPP)的反应,反应重现性好,配合物稳定,配合物组成为1:2, 配合物稳定常数为3．1×106,最大吸收波长位于421 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为7．94×106L· mol-1·cm-1,Sc(Ⅲ)含量在0-0．04μg／10 mL范围内服从比耳定律。将拟定的方法应用于钛白粉中钪的测定,并测得回收率在92．0％-97．5％之间,初步探讨了催化反应的可能机理,认为:① Sc(Ⅲ)与PAR先形成活性的中间络合物,改变了溶液条件使与卟啉的反应易于进行;②带负电荷的PAR与带正电荷的卟啉之间形成缔合物使卟吩环变形,从而使与Sc(Ⅲ)的反应易于进行。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。