固相萃取-表面增强拉曼光谱法测定奶粉中三聚氰胺

建立了固相萃取-表面增强拉曼光谱法(SPE-SERS)测定奶粉中三聚氰胺的分析方法。待测物经乙腈提取、活性碳吸附及氢氧化钠溶液洗脱后进行SERS检测。该方法的线性范围为0.005 0~1.6 mg/L,检出限为0.100 mg/kg,回收率为75.3%~125%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)不大于9.3%。该法灵敏度高、杂质干扰小、结果准确可靠,能满足奶粉中三聚氰胺的快速检测,在奶粉质量监控方面具有良好的应用潜力。     

表面增强拉曼光谱法测定鸭肉中替米考星残留

建立了鸭肉中替米考星(Tilmicosin,TMS)残留的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)检测方法。分析了鸭肉提取液、TMS水溶液和含有TMS的鸭肉提取液的SERS光谱特征,确定1584 cm~(-1)作为鸭肉中TMS残留快速检测的SERS分析特征峰。研究了含TMS的鸭肉提取液加入量、吸附时间分别对鸭肉中TMS在1584 cm~(-1)处的SERS信号强度的影响,确定了含TMS的鸭肉提取液的加入量和吸附时间分别为20μL和1 min。建立了TMS水溶液检测的标准曲线,在质量浓度0.5~40.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.9725,检测限为0.5 mg/L,预测样本的平均回收率介于87%~105%之间。建立了鸭肉中TM S残留检测的标准曲线,在质量浓度2.0~50.0 mg/L范围内呈现出良好的线性关系,R2为0.9839,检测限可达2.0 mg/L,预测样本的平均回收率介于75%~103%之间。基于SERS的鸭肉中TM S残留的快速检测方法是可行的。     

荧光法快速测定奶粉中3种雌激素的总量

基于3种雌激素(雌二醇、雌三醇和炔雌醇)相似的荧光性质,建立起荧光法直接快速测定奶粉中3种雌激素的总量。 以雌三醇为标准参考物质,采用标准曲线法测定。 雌三醇的荧光强度与浓度在1~2000 nmol/L的范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限为0.16 nmol/L,回收率在89.11%~98.49%之间。 该方法简单、快速、线性范围宽、准确度和灵敏度高。 用于实际奶粉中3种雌激素总量的测定,结果满意。     

分光光度法测定化肥中有害成份硫氰酸盐

当SCN 浓度 >5mg/L时对植物尤其是农作物就会产生危害 ,因此 ,控制化肥中SCN- 限量十分必要。测定SCN- 的电位滴定法[2 ] 灵敏度高 ,线性范围宽 ,但样品中Cl- /SCN- >1比例 ,会严重干扰测定 ,必须分离。离子色谱、高效液相色谱大多是针对痕量SCN- ( <1mg/L)测定 ,很有效。化学滴定法要求SCN- > 1 % ,且Cl- 干扰也同样需加以考虑。对于SCN- <0 1mg/L ,甚至 μg/L级的测定 ,更多地用动力学光度法[3] ,但分析样品一定要基体少 (如水样 )。且该法对温度、放置时间要求极严格。本文利用Cu2 +、吡啶 (Py)、SCN- 在氯仿中形成稳定的…     

蓖麻毒素的间接酶联免疫快速检测

建立了间接酶联免疫法快速检测蓖麻毒素的方法。方法的线性范围在0.08~1.25 mg/L之间,相关系数r=0.992 3,检出限为0.02 mg/L。将该法用于检测实际水样、土壤、奶粉和血液蓖麻毒素加标样品,回收率在60%~98%范围。该方法简单、快速、假阳性率低,非常适合蓖麻毒素的快速筛选、定性和半定量分析。     

表面增强拉曼光谱法快速定量分析食品中福美双、二氰蒽醌和灭蝇胺的残留

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术,以Au@SiO2和Au纳米增强粒子建立了食品中福美双、二氰蒽醌和灭蝇胺的快速定量分析方法,3种农药的检出限分别为1.4μg/L、0.020mg/L和0.030mg/L。采用加标回收试验对方法进行评价,福美双在生活饮用水和碳酸梨汁饮料中的回收率在104.5%~107.1%之间,相对标准偏差为4.0%~6.2%;二氰蒽醌在生活饮用水中的回收率在81.1%~100.0%之间,相对标准偏差为4.1%~7.8%,灭蝇胺在碳酸饮料和果皮中测定的相对标准偏差均小于11.0%,结果表明该方法准确可靠,精密度高。方法成功用于加标碳酸果汁饮料、果皮表面二氰蒽醌及灭蝇胺的检测,为快速定量检测食品中农残提供了SERS方法。     

毛细管离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中痕量碘离子、硫氰酸根和草甘膦

建立了一种采用毛细管离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中痕量碘离子(I-),硫氰酸跟(SCN-)和草甘膦(Glyphosate)的方法。样品经过0.22 mm滤膜过滤后,直接进样5 mL,采用IonPac AS19(250 mm×0.4 mm)毛细管色谱柱分离,KOH梯度淋洗,流速10 mL/min,抑制电导检测,外标法定量。以信噪比S/N=3计算检出限,I-,SCN-和草甘膦的检出限分别为0.3,0.2和0.2 mg/L,线性范围2.0~100 mg/L,相关系数分别为0.9997,0.9998和0.9998,加标回收率为86.0%~100.6%。本方法应用于饮用水中痕量I-,SCN-和草甘膦的测定,结果令人满意。     

异丙醇-硫酸铵-水体系浮选硫氰酸亚铜法间接测定硫普罗宁

研究表明:控制溶液pH4.0,在SCN-存在下,Cu(Ⅱ)被硫普罗宁分子中的巯基(SH)还原生成的Cu(Ⅰ)与SCN-形成CuSCN白色乳状沉淀。该沉淀能被浮选在异丙醇/水两相界面之间。通过测定溶液中剩余Cu(Ⅱ)的量,从而间接测定硫普罗宁的量。硫普罗宁测量的线性范围0.30～12.0mg/L;检出限为0.20mg/L。本方法可直接用于片剂、血清、尿样中硫普罗宁含量的测定,结果满意。     

微液液提取或固相萃取法净化、气相色谱-质谱联用检测葡萄酒中19种农药多残留

建立了红葡萄酒中19种农药多残留的气相色谱-质谱联用选择离子模式进行监测的检测方法,比较了固相萃取(SPE)和微液液提取(MLLE)两种前处理方法并考察了基质效应。两种方法在0.01~10 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.997。在0.01~1.0 mg/kg添加水平范围内,SPE法的平均添加回收率在77.8%~109.1%之间(四螨嗪为137.5%);MLLE法的平均添加回收率在83.3%~116.7%之间(四螨嗪为43%)。SPE法的最低检出限(LOD)0.001~0.01 mg/kg之间,定量检出限(LOQ)为0.005~0.05 mg/kg,相对标准偏差小于10%;MLLE法为LOD在0.02~0.10 mg/kg,LOQ为0.06~0.30 mg/kg,相对标准偏差小于14%。所有目标化合物均存在基质增强效应,可用基质匹配标准溶液来减少其对测定结果的影响。     

间接竞争酶联适配体检测食品中土霉素

研究建立了一种间接竞争酶联适配体检测食品中土霉素(OTC)的分析方法。通过方阵滴定法和单因素实验优化了检测条件。在最佳实验条件下,方法的半抑制浓度(IC50)为6.3 ng/m L,对OTC的检测线性范围为0.5~50 ng/m L;与结构类似物有较低的交叉反应;对牛奶、奶粉、鸡肉、水产品和蜂蜜样品中土霉素的加标回收率为62.1%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%。将建立的方法用于实际样品检测,并与国标方法进行对比,两者获得较高的相关性(r2=0.979)。本方法可实现对实际样品中土霉素的快速、高灵敏和高通量检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.