同位素稀释-气相色谱三重四极杆质谱法测定水性内墙涂料中的苯酚与氯代苯酚防霉杀菌剂

建立了同位素稀释-气相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定水性内墙涂料中苯酚及氯代苯酚(2-氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚、2,4,6-三氯苯酚、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚、五氯苯酚、邻苯基苯酚和六氯芬)防霉杀菌剂的方法。样品加入同位素内标,经甲醇超声提取,乙酸酐衍生后正己烷提取,采用GC-MS/MS测定,内标法定量,方法检出限均为0.005 mg/kg。目标物在0.02~1 mg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.99,添加回收率为75.3%~107.6%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~14%。方法可以满足以丙烯酸、聚醋酸乙烯-丙烯酸和聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸为基材的水性内墙涂料中氯酚类防霉杀菌剂残留的检测要求。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定油脂类食品中氯丙醇酯

建立一种气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法检测油脂类食品中氯丙醇酯的分析方法。样品提取脂肪后,取脂肪加内标并经甲醇钠水解,氯丙醇酯被水解为游离态的氯丙醇,水解液经酸中和后,用基质分散固相萃取柱净化,乙醚洗脱液脱水浓缩,用七氟丁酰基咪唑进行衍生,GC-MS/MS进样分析。质谱采用多反应监测模式(MRM)分析,2种一氯丙二醇酯,2种二氯丙醇酯,分别使用其相应的氘代标记的氯丙醇酯和氘代标记的二氯丙醇作为定量内标。所有氯丙醇酯衍生物都通过两个独立的MRM离子对进行检测,均在16min内流出,分离良好,线性范围为5~350ng,相关系数r均在0.99以上,低、高二种浓度加标回收率在87.6%~106.4%之间,相对标准偏差在3.28%~8.83%范围,检出限(S/N≥3)为0.002~0.006mg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食用油中痕量的δ-9-四氢大麻酚、大麻酚和大麻二酚

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定食用油中δ-9-四氢大麻酚(THC)、大麻酚(CBN)和大麻二酚(CBD)的方法。目标分析物经甲醇提取、中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化后,采用UPLC-MS/MS分离和检测。实验以氘代四氢大麻酚(THC-D3)为内标物,采用同位素内标法定量。在3个添加水平下,目标物的平均回收率为68.0%～101.6%,相对标准偏差为7.0%～20.1%。方法检出限为0.06～0.17μg/kg,定量限为0.20～0.52μg/kg。该方法能够满足食用油中痕量四氢大麻酚、大麻酚和大麻二酚检测的需要。     

GC-MS/NCI稳定同位素稀释技术检测动物源性食品中氯霉素的残留量

建立了一种用于各种动物源性食品中氯霉素残留量的气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱(GC-MS/NCI)检测方法。以氘代氯霉素(D5-CAP)为内标物,用乙酸乙酯对各类样品中的氯霉素进行提取,用正己烷和40 g/L NaCl溶液液液分配除脂肪,基质复杂的样品再用Oasi HLB固相萃取柱净化,经硅烷化衍生后由GC-MS/NCI在选择离子监测模式下进行测定。多数样品在0.2,0.5,1.0μg/kg3个添加水平下氯霉素的回收率处于87.8%和107.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于8.5%。方法在2.0~80.0μg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,基质复杂样品中氯霉素残留的检出限达到0.1μg/kg,基质简单样品的检测限可达0.05μg/kg。方法适合各种动物源性食品中氯霉素残留量的确证分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物残留量

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物的残留量。样品经盐酸羟胺、对甲苯磺酸、乙酸铵的混合液作为提取剂均质提取,乙腈萃取,并通过-18℃冷冻离心分层。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,用乙腈与5mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液(75+25)的混合液洗脱,采用正离子模式监测。以氘代孔雀石绿和氘代隐色孔雀石绿为内标物。孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿的线性范围均为1.0~20.0μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)依次为0.05,0.06μg·kg-1。在1.0,2.0,5.0μg·kg-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在90.2%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%~11%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物残留量

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物(隐色孔雀石绿、隐色结晶紫)。经匀浆处理的水产品样品,用乙腈提取,加入酸性氧化铝去除油脂,旋转蒸发器蒸干后,用甲酸-乙腈-水(0.1+10+89.9)溶液溶解,样品溶液用超高效液相色谱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱进行检测。以氘代孔雀石绿、氘代隐色孔雀石绿为内标物。孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物的质量浓度均在5.0μg·L-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.10～0.12μg.kg-1之间。以空白水产品样品为基体进行回收试验,方法的回收率在90.2%～108.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.3%～7.6%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水产品中磺胺类和喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法检测水产品中磺胺类、喹诺酮类等合成抗菌剂残留的方法。样品以乙腈为提取剂,提取物经脱脂、净化、浓缩后,用流动相溶解。用氘代试剂内标法定量,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定。本方法通过梯度洗脱将12种磺胺类、喹诺酮类进行良好分离。标准曲线线性范围0.05~0.8 mg/L,线性相关系数r=0.987 5~0.999 1,回收率为61%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.75%~6.12%(n=5),检出限为10~50μg/kg。     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法测定浓海水中的氯酚

建立浓海水中氯酚的顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法检测方法。采用顶空固相微萃取对海水淡化排放的浓海水样品中2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)和五氯酚(PCP)进行分离富集,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(μECD)测定浓海水样品中2,4,6-TCP和PCP的含量。讨论了萃取时间、萃取温度、水样盐度等实验条件对富集效率的影响,确定了萃取时间为40 min,萃取温度为60℃。2,4,6-TCP,PCP的质量浓度在0.500~20.0μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,2,4,6-TCP和PCP的检出限(2S/N)分别为0.055,0.128μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.65%~11.4%(n=6),加标回收率为73.5%~119.0%。该方法快速,灵敏度高,适合于浓海水中氯酚的分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱内标法同时测定水产品中15种喹酮类药物残留量

建立了水产品中15种喹诺酮类药物(QNs)残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。以氘代试剂为内标,样品经酸性乙腈萃取后,用正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩,采用HPLC-MS/MS选择反应监测(SRM)正离子模式测定,内标法定量。可同时对水产品中的15种QNs进行定性和定量测定。15种QNs的检出限(S/N=3)为1.0μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为2.0μg/kg;在10.0～200.0ng/mL时峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r0.99)。方法的平均回收率范围为66%～121%。该法简便快捷,分析成本低,在一定程度上实现了药物残留的快速检测。     

衍生-分散液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中的含氯酚及邻苯基苯酚

建立了衍生、分散液相微萃取(DLLME)与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用测定纺织品中5种含氯酚(PCPs)和邻苯基苯酚(OPP)的方法。对影响萃取和富集效率的因素,萃取剂种类及用量、分散剂种类及用量、碳酸钾溶液浓度等条件进行了优化。确定最佳实验条件为:纺织样品用0.15 mol/L的碳酸钾溶液超声提取后定容,取5 mL溶液,加入0.1 mL乙酸酐进行衍生处理2 min后,经0.2 mL四氯化碳(萃取剂)与0.6mL异丙醇(分散剂)混合溶液分散萃取,在4 000 r/min下离心3 min,取下层有机相进行GC-MS分析。在优化实验条件下,5种含氯酚和邻苯基苯酚的线性范围为0.001~1 mg/L,相关系数为0.999 1~0.999 9,检出限(S/N=3)为0.5~5μg/kg,样品加标回收率为87.2%~103.7%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~4.8%。方法简单、灵敏,回收率和重复性良好,可用于纺织品中5种含氯酚和邻苯基苯酚的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.