最小seesaw模型对氚β衰变和无中微子双β衰变的限制

在最小seesaw模型下计算了氚β衰变的有效质量〈m〉_e以及无中微子双β衰变的有效质量〈m〉_ee. 利用最新的中微子振荡数据, 在正质量等级情况下得到了0.00424eV≤〈m〉_e≤0.0116eV和0.00031eV≤〈m〉_ee0.0052eV; 如果中微子的质量谱是倒质量等级情况, 能够得到0.0398eV≤〈m〉_e≤0.0571eV和0.0090eV≤〈m〉_ee≤0.0571eV.最后还讨论了最小的中微子混合角和Majorana CP破坏位相对〈m〉_ee的影响.     

Double Beta Decay Experiments with Thermal Detectors

Massive low temperature particle detectors and their possible impacts on searches for neutrinoless double beta decay (O-DBD) are presented and discussed. In particular, the experimental work of the Milano group is described. Special relevance is given to the present status of the search for O-DBD of ¹³⁰Te and to the possible expansion of this experiment in the near future. The most recent results obtained by the Milano-Gran Sasso collaboration with a 20 bolometer array are presented. On the basis of these results, the construction of a 42 kg array consisting of 56 TeO₂ bolometers (CUORICINO project), to extend the sensitivity of the present experiment, has been proposed. CUORICINO should represent also a feasibility test for a large array of 1000 bolometers (CUORE project) aiming at the search for neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, Cold Dark Matter and Solar Axions with extremely high sensitivity.     

First Evidence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

Double beta decay is indispensable to solve the question of the neutrino mass matrix together with oscillation experiments. Recent analysis of the most sensitive experiment since nine years—the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment in Gran-Sasso—yields a first indication for the neutrinoless decay mode. This result is the first evidence for lepton number violation and proves the neutrino to be a Majorana particle. We give the present status of the analysis in this report. It excludes several of the neutrino mass scenarios allowed from present neutrino oscillation experiments—only degenerate scenarios and those with inverse mass hierarchy survive. This result allows neutrinos to still play an important role as dark matter in the Universe. To improve the accuracy of the present result, considerably enlarged experiments are required, such as GENIUS. A GENIUS Test Facility has been funded and will come into operation by early 2003.     

无中微子双β衰变相关的中微子势（英文）

介绍了在双β衰变中的闭合近似下的原子核矩阵元,并在此基础上研究了无中微子双β衰变的中微子势部分及统计性质。分析结果显示,费米型和伽莫夫-泰勒型矩阵元部分贡献了几乎相等的正值,并且费米型部分一般比伽莫夫-泰勒型部分的贡献稍大,而张量部分的贡献虽小但不可忽略,其中有少量矩阵元为负。阐明了无中微子双β衰变的中微子势中费米型、伽莫夫-泰勒型及张量部分大于零矩阵元的关联。该统计结果粗略地揭示了这些组份对原子核矩阵元的贡献。Nuclear matrix element in double beta decay under the closure approximation is outlined, in which neutrino potential for neutrinoless double beta decay is studied with focusing on its statistical property. It is shown from the analysis that Fermi and Gamow-Teller parts provide almost the same positive values with the Fermi part slightly larger than the Gamow-Teller part in general, while the tensor part includes small but non-negligible positive and negative values. Positive correlation of the values between Fermi, Gamow-Teller, and tensor parts has been clarified. The statistics provides a gross view of understanding amplitude of constitutional components of the nuclear matrix element.     

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay: Status of Evidence

The present experimental status in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay is reviewed, with emphasis on the first indication for neutrinoless double beta decay found in the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment, giving first evidence for lepton number violation and a Majorana nature of the neutrinos. Future perspectives of the field are briefly outlined.     

Ab Initio Thermodynamics Calculation of Beta Decay Rates

Beta-decay half-lives for the free neutron, for ⁶He and ⁸He, and for ⁸Li are calculated ab initio from geometrical thermodynamics arguments, independently of any quantum mechanics. Half-lives for the decay of ⁸Be to two alphas and for the disintegration of the tetraneutron are also calculated. The calculated values are close to those experimentally observed.     

Oscillating Neutrino Mass States and Double Beta Decay

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Neutrino oscillation is an experimentally established phenomenon by which neutrinos undergo flavor transformations periodically as they propagate large enough distances....     

Beta Decay of 111Tc to 111Ru

The β-decay of the very neutron-rich ¹¹¹Tc nucleus has been observed. A partial decay scheme of ¹¹¹Ru is presented, complementing the high-spin levels earlier reported in spontaneous fission work. Received: 15 January 1998     

Industrial Reactor Power Monitoring Using Antineutrino Counts in the DANSS Detector

Detection of antineutrino by the reaction of the inverse β-decay can be used for an independent monitoring of a nuclear reactor power. DANSS detector is located directly under a commercial WWER-1000 reactor and counts up to 5000 antineutrino per day, providing the accuracy of 1.5% in 2 days of the flux measurement. A powerful system of the passive and active shielding in combination with the fine spatial segmentation of the detector allows to diminish the contribution of the background processes to a level, negligible in comparison to the statistical error. The influence of the nuclear fuel composition on the neutrino flux can be accounted for based on the input from the NPP staff.

     

Testing CVC and CKM Unitarity via Superallowed Nuclear Beta Decay

Superallowed nuclear beta decay between 0+ analog states is a sensitive probe of the weak interaction, with the established strength – or Ft value – of each such transition being a direct measure of the vector coupling constant, GV. Each transition’s Ft value depends on the half-life of the parent nucleus as well as on the Q-value and branching ratio for the transition of interest. It also depends on small (1%) transition-dependent theoretical corrections, of which the most sensitive accounts for isospin symmetry breaking. We have recently published a new survey of world superallowed-decay data, which establishes the Ft values of 14 separate superallowed transitions to a precision of order 0.1% or better. The results from this very robust data set yield the value of Vud, the up-down quark mixing element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, and lead to the most demanding test available of CKM unitarity. The survey results and their outcome are described, as is the current direction of experiments that focus on testing the validity of the isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections.     

Neutron Beta Decay in a Thermal Field and Neutron Anomaly

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The effect of photobeta decay and inverse internal bremsstrahlung on natural neutron beta decay is studied. These two processes make it possible to take into account the...     

A New Method for Calculating the Double Beta Decay Probability

A new method of calculating 2υ-2β decay probability ia derived. It is shown that with the present knowledge of nucleon-nucleon force and reasonable nuclear wave functions for the parent and daughter nuclei this method can provide a reliable result without using closure approximation.     

不稳定原子核β衰变强度的实验测量方法

原子核的β衰变是指原子核放射出β粒子或俘获电子而进行的转变。对β衰变强度S_β(E)的精确测量,对探索不稳定原子核的结构、揭秘恒星核合成过程、验证β衰变理论等方面均存在着重要意义。实验上,为了测量β衰变强度,一种方法是利用β-γ符合测量或者全吸收谱仪对β衰变产物进行直接测量,这种方法可以给出子核在Q_β窗口内的衰变信息。另一种方法是利用在中等能区(100~400 MeV/u)进行的电荷交换反应,如(p,n)或(3He,t),通过微分截面的高精度测量获得子核的β衰变强度,这种方法可以用于研究子核在Q_β窗外的衰变强度,但是对束流强度有较高的要求,尚无法系统研究产额较低的不稳定原子核。有鉴于此,本文提出对不稳定核素的电荷交换反应总截面进行系统测量,结合核反应理论,这种方法有望约束不稳定核素在质子发射阈下的Gamow-Teller跃迁的总强度。最后简要介绍了已开展和计划开展的工作。     

Weinberg Angle and Pion Beta Decay in the Spinor Strong Interaction Theory

From an isospin SU(2) × hypercharge U(1)gauge-invariant meson action for K⁺,^{+ +}, a prediction ofthe Cabbibo angle was obtained earlier. Using anotherresult of the spinor strong interaction theory that the s quark is only a littleheavier than the d quark, the above action can beextended to a weakly broken SU(3) one. The Weinbergangle is found to be 30° in the limit of this SU(3)symmetry. In the approximation and context entailing thislimit, the Weinberg angle can be removed from the listof undetermined fundamental parameters in electroweaktheory. The spinor strong interaction Lagrangian used above and applied to the decay⁺ e⁺ is shown tohold for ^{+ 0}e⁺ as well, renderingthe conserved vector current hypothesis hithertorequired to account for the latter decaysuperfluous.     

Baryon Magnetic Moment and Beta Decay Ratio in Colored Quark Cluster Model

Baryon magnetic moments of p, n, ∑^＋,∑^-,Ξ^0, Ξ^- and the beta decay ratios （G A/Gv ） of n → p, ∑^-→n and Ξ^0→∑^＋ are calculated in a colored quark cluster model. With SU（3） breaking, the model gives a good fit to the experimental values of those baryon magnetic moments and the beta decay ratios. Our results show that the orbital motion has a significant contribution to the spin and magnetic moments of those baryons and the strange component in nucleon is small.     

A Limit of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of 48Ca

A search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of ⁴⁸Ca is carried out in a coal mine which is located 512m underground near Beijing.Large scintillation crystals of natural CaF₂ were used as both the detector and the double beta decay source.Result obtained after a total of 7588.5 hours of data taking gives 1.1×10²² years (68%C.L.) as the lower limit of the half-life of the neutrinoless double beta decay of ⁶⁸Ca.     

Measuring the Polarization Parameters of Rain by Inverse Scattering

The theory is presented for one method of determining the effective polarization parameters of the rain medium in the problem of polarization information processing of detecting target. The determination of the effective polarization parameters of the propagation medium is from the data of propagation measurements over a line-of-sight link. The polarization parameters the effective average value, the effective standard deviation and F the effective shape parameter of the propagation medium are obtained by means of the method of inverse scattering, showing a good agreement with the data from direct measurements.