知识可视化在无机化学教学中的应用研究

知识可视化是一种有效促进知识学习、整理、创造和传播的技术。通过在无机化学教学中构建基于自我生成绘图策略和图形组织者策略的教学设计,将教学内容和教学方法与可视化表征高度融合,在实现显性知识高效传授的同时,能够培养学生思维能力和实现课程思政的有机融入。教学实践表明,知识视觉化呈现能够促进学生积极主动参与到教学过程中,激发学生积极思考,为学生创新能力和创造性思维的培养打下良好的基础。     

高中化学与大学无机化学教材知识点的衔接研究*

作为化学教育专业的必修课程,无机化学起到了奠定师范生化学理论基础的重要作用。在衔接高中化学知识的前提下,开展大学无机化学教学有助于构建完整的化学知识教学体系、调动师范生学习的积极性,实现高中到大学无机化学课程学习的顺利过渡。笔者在教学实践、教育实习指导及调研的基础上,以人教版高中化学、北师大版《无机化学》教材内容为例,从教与学的角度探讨了高中化学和大学无机化学教材知识点的衔接情况,形成了部分经验积累和教学建议,为师范类专业认证背景下的无机化学课程教学提供借鉴和参考。     

自主学习型物理化学教材的评述和启示

通过对国内外的代表性物理化学教材的分析,归纳出自主学习型物理化学教材的显著特点,以期为国内教材编写、教材选用、教学素材选取和双语教学的实施提供参考。     

On Some Problems of Inorganic Supramolecular Chemistry

In this study, some features that distinguish inorganic supramolecular host–guest objects from traditional architectures are considered. Crystalline inorganic supramolecular structures are the basis for the development of new functional materials. Here, the possible changes in the mechanism of crystalline inorganic supramolecular structure self‐organization at high interaction potentials are discussed. The cases of changes in the host structures and corresponding changes in the charge states under guest intercalation, as well as their impact on phase stability and stoichiometry are considered. It was demonstrated that the deviation from the geometrical and topological complementarity conditions may be due to the additional energy gain from forming inorganic supramolecular structures. It has been assumed that molecular recognition principles can be employed for the development of physicochemical analysis and interpretation of metastable states in inorganic crystalline alloys.     

无机化学中拓展知识的教学设计与实践

针对大一新生出现的思想松懈、学习积极性差、学习方法转变慢、专业知识缺乏等问题,在无机化学讲授过程中,根据授课内容的特点,将课外拓展知识进行分类处理。结合生产生活实际强化学习兴趣引导;通过实际案例讲授强化知识理解深度;通过实际应用讲授强化知识活用;通过形象比喻讲授强化对枯燥理论知识的理解和记忆;将拓展知识与课堂理论知识有机结合,将理论与实践贯通。     

Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry: A New Methodology Comes of Age

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) has repeatedly proven to be an effective approach to generate directed ligand libraries for macromolecular targets. In the absence of an external stimulus, a dynamic library forms from reversibly reacting building blocks and reaches a stable thermodynamic equilibrium. However, upon addition of a macromolecular host which can bind and stabilize certain components of the library, the equilibrium composition changes and induces an evolution-like selection and enrichment of high-affinity ligands. A valuable application of this so-called target-directed DCC (tdDCC) is the identification of potent ligands for pharmacologically relevant targets. Over time, the term tdDCC has been applied to describe a number of different experimental setups, leading to some ambiguity concerning its definition. This article systematically classifies known procedures for tdDCC and related approaches, with a special focus on the methods used for analysis and evaluation of experiments.     

基于知识体系整合的元素无机化学教学改革

元素无机化学是大学化学及相关专业无机化学课程的核心内容。如何教好、学好元素无机化学的知识一直是教学工作者研究的课题。为改变教学现状，提高教学效果，培养学生的逻辑思维和科学创新能力，提出一种整合元素无机化学知识的思路，即：以化合物类型为主线对元素无机化学知识进行系统化整合，并以氧化物部分为例加以说明。     

PBL教学法在无机化学概念性知识中的应用*

将PBL教学法结合翻转课堂的教学模式引入对无机化学概念性知识的讲解,利用超星学习通以任务清单的形式指导学生在课下完成自学,在课上进行讨论交流,促进学生的主动学习。通过实践可以发现此方法有助于形成活跃的课堂氛围并达到良好的教学效果,利于学生多种能力的培养。     

Very Facile Polarity Umpolung and Noncovalent Functionalization of Inorganic Nanoparticles: A Tool Kit for Supramolecular Materials Chemistry

The facile assembly of shell‐by‐shell (SbS)‐coated nanoparticles [TiO₂?PAC₁₆]@shell 1 – 7 (PAC₁₆=hexadecylphosphonic acid), which are soluble in water and can be isolated as stable solids, is reported. In these functional architectures, an umpolung of dispersibility (organic apolar versus water) was accomplished by the noncovalent binding of ligands 1 – 7 to titania nanoparticles [TiO₂?PAC₁₆] containing a first covalent coating with PAC₁₆. Ligands 1 – 7 are amphiphilic and form the outer second shell of [TiO₂?PAC₁₆]@shell 1 – 7 . The tailor‐designed dendritic building blocks 3 – 5 contain negative and positive charges in the same molecule, and ligands 6 and 7 contain a perylenetetracarboxylic acid dimide (PDI) core ( 6 / 7 ) as a photoactive reporter component. In the redox and photoactive system [TiO₂?PAC₁₆]@shell 7 , electronic communication between the inorganic core to the PDI ligands was observed.     

中国高校化学化工专业无机化学教材建设历史回顾与展望

20世纪50年代以前,中国高校无机化学教科书主要采用译著或国外原版教材。在20世纪60年代,我国无机化学教材建设工作进入了一个短暂繁荣期。现在高校广泛使用的无机化学教材源于我国在1977-1990年间编写的4部教材。2000年之后,虽然无机化学教材品种数明显增多,但精品较少。未来的无机化学教材编写应当考虑基础无机化学与中级无机化学内容的分工与衔接,以及加强教材与信息技术的融合。     

Photochemistry with Cyanines in the Near Infrared: A Step to Chemistry 4.0 Technologies

Cyanines covering the absorption in the near infrared (NIR) are attractive for distinct applications. They can interact either with lasers exhibiting line-shaped focus emitting at both 808 and 980 nm or bright high intensity NIR-LEDs with 805 nm emission, respectively. This is drawing attention to Industry 4.0 applications. The major deactivation occurs through a non-radiative process resulting in the release of heat into the surrounding, although a small fraction of radiative deactivation also takes place. Most of these NIR-sensitive systems possess an internal activation barrier to react in a photonic process with initiators resulting in the generation of reactive radicals and acidic cations. Thus, the heat released by the NIR absorber helps to bring the system, consisting of an NIR sensitizer and initiator, above such internal barriers. Molecular design strategies making these systems more compatible with distinct applications in a certain oleophilic surrounding are considered as a big challenge. This includes variations of the molecular pattern and counter ions derived from super acids exhibiting low coordinating properties. Further discussion focusses on the use of such systems in Chemistry 4.0 related applications. Intelligent software tools help to improve and optimize these systems combining chemistry, engineering based on high-throughput formulation screening (HTFS) technologies, and machine learning algorithms to open up novel solutions in material sciences.     

探讨PBL教学法在无机化学元素部分教学中的应用

元素部分是无机化学教学中的难点.笔者结合自己的教学实践和教学对象,根据元素化学教学内容的特点,从问题的设定,过程中的实施、效果与评价,多媒体辅助等几方面论述了元素化学教学的实施过程与方法.经验表明,该方法能提高学生的各项能力,充分调动学生的主动性与积极性,有助于元素化学教学质量的提高.     

锌配位聚合物的制备与表征——推荐一个无机化学综合实验

介绍了一个无机化学综合型新实验——锌配位聚合物的制备与表征。通过有机配体的合成、金属有机框架材料的制备及其相关结构和性能表征,使学生了解金属有机框架这一科研前沿领域,在引导学生进行实验操作、解释及归纳的过程中,提升学生的综合及创新能力。本实验综合了无机、有机和分析化学知识点的学习与实验操作能力的培养,建议纳入高年级综合型化学实验课。     

镎和钚与环境中无机阴离子的配位化学研究进展

镎(Np)和钚(Pu)是核能领域两种重要的锕系元素,其在水溶液中的配位化学对于了解和控制其在水环境中的种态分布和迁移行为具有重要意义.综述了近十几年来国内外Np和Pu与环境中常见无机阴离子在水溶液中的配位化学研究进展,重点阐述了不同价态Np/Pu离子与OH^-、CO₃^2-、SO₄^2-、Cl^-、NO₃^-、F^-、PO₄^3-等阴离子之间形成的配位物种和配位热力学信息,并对该领域存在的关键科学问题和未来发展方向进行了分析和展望.     

计算化学辅助无机化学课堂教学模式的探索

根据无机化学教学的特点,针对目前无机化学课堂教学的问题,研究了以计算化学为辅助教学,促进无机化学课堂教学的方法。该创新模式的实施,不仅有利于学生理解无机化学知识难点,发挥主观能动性,也普及了计算化学的实践应用,为高校化学大数据平台的建立提供了契机。     

《高分子化学》聚合机理教学中有机化学知识的衔接利用

高分子化学是在有机化学基础上发展而成一门学科,高分子的合成反应与有机小分子的合成反应密切相关,特别是高分子合成反应机理的学习中大量应用到有机化学的基础知识.因此,在高分子化学教学中有效利用有机化学知识是帮助学生更好理解和掌握高分子化学反应机理相关知识的关键.本文根据笔者教学实践,从烯类单体聚合活性及机理、自由基聚合阻聚机理、配位聚合机理等方面以实例形式探讨了如何利用有机化学知识帮助解释高分子化学中反应活性及反应机理.     

人工智能发现活性分子背景下天然药物化学教学的转型与发展*

人工智能(AI)在活性分子发现及药物筛选方面的应用日趋深入,革新了传统发现天然药物的方式,重构了药物发现及设计的格局。这就要求天然药物化学人才熟练掌握天然药物化学基础知识、具备多学科交叉分析问题能力以及培养和树立与时俱进的逻辑思维。为顺应人工智能时代发展要求,天然药物化学教学需要构建AI参与天然药物发现教学体系、提供AI参与天然药物发现的直观教学、筛选优秀网络教学资源引导学生自主学习,同时培养学生在AI参与天然药物发现中的思考能力。     

无机化学实验中探究性教学的探索

在引入一些重要知识点时,教师通过提问、设计相关情景、设置悬念等方法,让学生自己设计并实施实验,在实验过程及结果中得到活的知识。应用在实验中得出的知识,解决一些问题,在整个过程中完善知识的构建。     

The Coordination Chemistry of the N-Donor-Substituted Phosphazanes

Phosph(III)azanes, featuring the heterocyclobutane P₂N₂ ring, have now been established as building blocks in main-group coordination and supramolecular compounds. Previous studies have largely involved their use as neutral P-donor ligands or as anionic N-donor ligands, derived from deprotonation of amido-phosphazanes [RNHP(μ-NR)]₂. The use of neutral amido-phosphazanes themselves as chelating, H-bond donors in anion receptors has also been an area of recent interest because of the ease by which the proton acidity and anion binding constants can be modulated, by the incorporation of electron-withdrawing exo- and endo-cyclic groups (R) and by the coordination of transition metals to the ring P atoms. We observed recently that the effect of P,N-chelation of metal atoms to the P atoms of cis-[(2-py)NHP(μ-N^tBu)]₂ (2-py=2-pyridyl) not only pre-organises the N−H functionality for optimum H-bonding to anions but also results in a large increase in anion binding constants, well above those for traditional organic receptors like squaramides and ureas. Here, we report a broader investigation of ligand chemistry of [(2-py)NHP(μ-^tNBu)]₂ (and of the new quinolyl derivative [(8-Qu)NHP(μ-N^tBu)]₂ (8-Qu=8-quinolyl). The additional N-donor functionality of the heterocyclic substituents and its position has a marked effect on the anion and metal coordination chemistry of both species, leading to novel structural behaviour and reactivity compared to unfunctionalized counterparts.     

大学无机化学与高中化学知识衔接——以原子结构与元素周期表为例

原子结构理论是高中化学和大学无机化学的重要组成部分和学习难点,教学过程中如何较好地衔接高中阶段知识与大学无机化学课程尤为重要。本文以原子结构和元素周期表知识点为例,以2019版高中人教版教材和北师大版的无机化学教材内容讨论高中化学知识与大学化学知识的衔接问题,依据作者的教学实践提出若干建议,为大学无机化学原子结构与元素周期表知识点的教学提供参考,同时帮助大一学生顺利完成知识的衔接过渡和培养学生独立思考、自主学习的能力。