基于JRTF的新型偏滤器电源控制系统

为了满足复杂实验条件下对等离子体控制的要求,设计和研发了实时框架JRTF的新型偏滤器电源的控制系统。JRTF框架是一个在J-TEXT装置上开发实时控制系统而实现的实时框架,结合了当前J-TEXT电源控制系统的经验,符合当前电源系统的控制特点,并且与现有中央控制系统兼容,同时支持更多的硬件,在软件和硬件标准上与ITER兼容。新偏滤器电源控制系统在用于J-TEXT的实际运行下表现了良好的控制性能,并具有不错的实时表现。     

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为了满足复杂实验条件下对等离子体控制的要求,设计和研发了实时框架JRTF的新型偏滤器电源的控制系统.JRTF框架是一个在J-TEXT装置上开发实时控制系统而实现的实时框架,结合了当前J-TEXT电源控制系统的经验,符合当前电源系统的控制特点,并且与现有中央控制系统兼容,同时支持更多的硬件,在软件和硬件标准上与ITER兼容.新偏滤器电源控制系统在用于J-TEXT的实际运行下表现了良好的控制性能,并具有不错的实时表现.     

HL-2M 装置供电系统研制

为满足 HL-2M 装置的供电需求,须配套建设相应的供电系统。通过仿真计算 HL-2M 装置的总体供 电需求,考虑到 HL-2A 装置现有的供电系统设备,提出了兼顾 HL-2A 和 HL-2M 装置供电需求的总体配置方案。介绍了国内首台 300MVA 立式交流脉冲发电机组、磁体电源、高压电源和电源控制系统的研制情况。     

双极性脉冲磁控溅射电源设计

双极性脉冲电源是磁控溅射系统中的关键设备之一。根据铌溅射处理装置的技术要求,研制了一套输出电压0~800 V可调、脉冲宽度20~200 μs可调、频率0~60 Hz可调、脉冲电流最大幅值约150 A的双极性脉冲电源,分别给出了该电源在水电阻负载和等离子体负载下的实验结果。设计上采用DSP控制开关电源的方式对储能电容器进行恒流充电;综合应用FPGA,PLC及触摸屏组成人机交互系统,控制输出光脉冲信号,经负压偏置驱动后使桥式结构的脉冲形成网络产生正负交替双极性脉冲。通过大量实验论证,该电源解决了等离子体负载放电打弧等问题,达到了理想的溅射效果,满足了指标要求。     

Comparative analysis of the possibility of applying low-melting metals with the capillary-porous system in tokamak conditions

The use of capillary-porous systems (CPSs) with liquid Li, Ga, and Sn is considered as an alternative for solving the problem of creating plasma-facing elements (PFEs) of the fusion neutron source (FNS) and the DEMO-type reactor. The main advantages of CPSs with liquid metal compared with hard materials are their stability with respect to the degradation of properties in tokamak conditions and capability of surface self-restoration. The evaluation of applicability of liquid metals is performed on the basis of the analysis of their physical and chemical properties, the interaction with the tokamak plasma, and constructive and process features of in-vessel elements with CPSs implementing the application of these metals in a tokamak. It is shown that the upper limit of the PFE working temperature for all low-melting metals under consideration lies in the range of 550–600°С. The decisive factor for PFEs with Li is the limitation on the admissible atomic flux into plasma, while for those with Ga and Sn it is the corrosion resistance of construction materials. The upper limit of thermal loads in the steady-state operating mode for the considered promising PFE design with the use of Li, Ga, and Sn is close to 18–20 MW/m². It is seen from the analysis that the use of metals with a low equilibrium vapor pressure of (Ga, Sn) gives no gain in extension of the region of admissible working temperatures of PFEs. However, with respect to the totality of properties, the possibility of implementing the self-restoration and stabilization effect of the liquid surface, the influence on the plasma discharge parameters, and the ability to protect the PFE surface in conditions of plasma perturbations and disruption, lithium is the most attractive liquid metal to create CPS-based PFEs for the tokamak.     

大功率变流器脉冲电流的计算

为了适应核聚变实验的要求,在下一代托卡马克的设计中需要变流器输出瞬时高强度脉冲电流为大型电气设备提供动热稳定等型式试验。提出一种将电源系统阻抗等效到整流变压器二次侧并结合变流器两端电压变化关系的方法,建立了大功率变流器的等效电路模型。在不同电气参数下计算得出了相应的多台变流器并联的总输出电流。以1000 kA为目标,给出了符合条件的电气参数计算过程和结果。该结果作为给定参数下的极限条件,使得在大功率变流器脉冲电流设计时有了最低设计阈值,为后续的变流器器件选型和结构设计奠定了基础。     

J-TEXT装置纵场电源系统及其调试

J-TEXT装置的纵场磁体是由十六个近似圆形的常规铜线圈串联而成。纵场电源系统需要为纵场磁体提供最大电流为160kA、平顶时间为500ms的准梯形电流波形,以在等离子体中心产生最大为3T的磁场。基于原TEXT-U纵场电源的电路结构,重新设计和改造了电源的控制系统和保护系统。目前,纵场电源系统已经通过了测试,在J-TEXT装置首轮放电运行中,该系统可输出92.5kA的平顶电流,在等离子体中心产生了约1.74T的磁场。     

J-TEXT 装置静态扰动场电源系统结构分析及实现

研制了一种基于电容储能的脉冲电源系统用于J-TEXT 装置扰动磁场线圈的运行,介绍了J-TEXT 装置静态扰动磁场线圈(SRMP),对静态扰动磁场电源系统进行了原理分析,并给出了电源的运行结果。实验运行效果表明,输出电流最大能达到8kA,最大电流上升率为200A.ms^-1,静态扰动场电源系可以稳定地工作,可以产生足够的扰动磁场并开展相关物理实验。     

HL-1装置供电及控制系统调试

本文在介绍供电系统及其主要技术参数和调试概况的基础上,着重分析了电源参数与等离子体参数间的关系,叙述了获得平衡稳定等离子体的调试过程,并对供电回路的退耦方法进行了初步探讨。     

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研制了一种基于电容储能的脉冲电源系统用于J-TEXT 装置扰动磁场线圈的运行,介绍了J-TEXT 装置静态扰动磁场线圈(SRMP),对静态扰动磁场电源系统进行了原理分析,并给出了电源的运行结果。实验运行效果表明,输出电流最大能达到8kA,最大电流上升率为200A.ms-1,静态扰动场电源系可以稳定地工作,可以产生足够的扰动磁场并开展相关物理实验。     

Study of Conditions for Obtaining Quasi-Stationary Scenarios in T-15 MD Tokamak

The study of conditions for obtaining quasi-stationary scenarios in the T-15MD tokamak is performed. Results of simulation and optimization of T-15MD regimes with a fully noninductive current drive using NBICD systems with the power of 6–8 MW, ECCD system with the power ~8 MW, and RFCD system with power up to 7–8 MW are presented. It is shown that, at the somewhat reduced value as compared to the basic value of the toroidal magnetic field B _t ~ 1.5 T in the T-15MD tokamak, discharges can be produced with a fully noninductive current of about 1 MA, plasma temperature of several keV, plasma density of about (3–7) × 10¹⁹ m^–3, and discharge duration of about 20 s. Such discharges are of interest for further experimental study.     

磁场电源在 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电中的应用

磁场电源是 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电的重要组成部分,它关系到 HL-2M 装置零场的建立,等 离子体的击穿和维持及位形控制。为实现初始等离子体放电所需的供电电压和电流,对磁场电源从主回路、控制、 测量和保护分别作了相应的调整。在此基础上进行了大量的工程调试,确保了磁场电源的控制和保护等性能达到 初始等离子体放电的需求。在磁场电源运行中,电源控制性能和输出参数的一致性、纹波质量等都有显著提高。 介绍了磁场电源在调试及 HL-2M 装置初始放电中的应用。     

2.0 MJ脉冲功率源的500 kA气体开关系统

介绍了用于2.0 MJ激光泵浦源的新型高功率闭合开关系统的主要功能部件及其设计、研制和测试过程,分析给出了该气体开关系统的关键器件设计所依据的数学原理。在2.0 MJ电容储能的模拟脉冲电源平台上的实际测试表明,该气体开关系统的峰值通流能力达到500 kA,单次放电转移电荷量不低于150 C,累积寿命超过200 kC,理论上能同时支持20对（40只）氙灯工作。开关本体的石墨电极头还可以更换,能进一步延长寿命。该气体开关系统的总体性能接近同期国外同类型产品的指标要求。     

Thomson scattering diagnostics in the Globus-M tokamak

Specific features of the Thomson scattering diagnostics, its main characteristics and capabilities, and the results of its experimental testing in the Globus-M tokamak are described. A powerful multipulse neodymium-glass laser is designed for investigating both fast and slow processes in the tokamak plasma. The laser is capable of generating up to 20 pulses uniformly distributed in time during one tokamak discharge. In order to investigate fast transient processes, the laser repetition rate can be increased within a specified time interval. The possibility of varying the time interval between laser pulses from 0.5 ms to 1.0 s makes this diagnostics highly informative. The optical scheme developed in the course of these studies allowed one to simplify the power supply system and create a comparatively inexpensive laser system. The use of avalanche photodiodes and filtering polychromators with a high optical transparency provides high sensitivity of the diagnostics. A special software was designed that allows automatic processing of several hundred signals during one shot and provides data on the electron density and temperature immediately in the course of measurements. The diagnostics allows one to trace the time behavior of the spatial profiles of the electron temperature and density in both ohmic discharges and discharges with auxiliary heating, as well as in experiments with particle injection with a plasma gun.     

托卡马克芯区Zeff测量和分析方法的研究

基于等离子体锯齿弛豫振荡的测量和研究,结合芯区电子功率平衡的分析,获得一种可靠的确定芯区平均有效离子电荷数Zeff的测量方法。该方法不受杂质的限制,测量条件十分容易满足。     

HL-2A装置ECRH主高压电源的研制

介绍了HL-2A装置电子回旋系统主高压电源的研制。用星点控制技术实现了高压直流平台输出电压的调节;用TM-703FB大功率调制管为核心的高压调制技术实现了高压电源输出电压的快速升降及电源的快速保护。用前馈补偿和反馈控制技术实现了输出电压波纹小于1%。电源输出总体指标为-60kV/(25A×4)/1s,满足了ECRH系统的要求。     

Eddy current effects on plasma equilibrium in a single-turn tokamak

In a fusion experiment based on the single-turn tokamak concept, the plasma is surrounded by a massive conducting structure composed of several layers of material with different resistivities. This conducting shell is located near the plasma edge and is magnetically coupled to the plasma column. The plasma magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium is studied by neglecting the effect of structural induced currents. Eddy current effects are then analyzed. Poloidal uniformization of the poloidal field magnet current distribution required for plasma equilibrium is demonstrated. The possibility of continuous-limiter discharges in a single-turn tokamak configuration is pointed out. The significance of these results for the operation of a high-current tokamak experiment is discussed     

正负双极性直流高压充电电源设计北大核心CSCD

高压脉冲电容器是脉冲功率系统中应用较广的储能器件。根据大容量能库型脉冲装置对充电电源的技术要求,研制了一种输出电压±0.5~±10 kV可调、最大平均功率约3 kW、双极性一体化直流高压充电电源。设计上采用控制电路与正负双极性直流高压输出主电路一体化方式,通过隔离、屏蔽和保护措施,解决了目前双极性直流高压充电电源存在的正负极性电压不平衡、采样控制信号与高压地未隔离问题,减小了电源体积,提高了电源的鲁棒性、可靠性和电磁干扰能力。100多台充电电源在18.3 MJ脉冲装置中同时运行,在复杂电磁干扰环境下可靠稳定工作。     

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In order to improve the physical experimental parameters of the HL-2A tokamak, the new high-power supply for the auxiliary heating systems need higher stability, faster response, higher power factor, shorter protective time, higher voltage, more flexible control, higher frequency and much less energy discharged to this equipment than the old one when the load is arcing. The high voltage power supply adopts the pulse step modulation (PSM) technology and mainly consists of 28 modules with 4 adjustable modules and 24 uncontrollable switch modules connected in series. The output voltage can be adjusted continuously in 0~20kV and the switch frequency maximum can reach 20 kHz. The results of simulation and experiment show that the operating parameters of the power supply can reach 20kV/200A and meet the experimental requirements.     

脉冲调制高压电源高频化改造的仿真分析与实验

对HL-2A 装置原有的高压电源进行了高频化改造，改造后的单元电源采用脉冲步进阶梯调制(PSM)技术，采用24 个不可控整流电源模块与4 个调节电源模块串联输出，通过控制各模块的投入切出，使输出电压范围在0~20kV 可调，模块开关频率最高可以达到20kHz。通过仿真和实验测试结果表明，该电源运行参数可以达到20kV/200A，开关频率最高达到了20kHz，能够满足系统的实验需求。