Identification criteria for vortex structures in a deformed solid

The paper considers algorithms of automatic identification of vortex structures arising in a deformed solid. The initial vector fields characterizing the deformation of a solid are obtained by the digital image correlation method. Circulation and a functional related to vector and radius vector orthogonality are proposed for use as vortex identification criteria. The application of these criteria is considered on the example of model vector fields with rotational and irrotational vortices. The operation of the algorithms is exemplified by displacement fields for material flow in a silicon-manganese steel weld. The role of finite sizes of a sliding window is demonstrated. Additional criteria to assist vortex structure identification are proposed.     

An optical measurement of vortex shape at a free surface

We have proposed an optical method of vortex shape measurement based on Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) and verified it by experiment. The results of our experiment proposed in this paper show that FTP can efficiently reconstruct the vortex shape at a free surface and this method is suitable for wide use in studying such problems as liquid shear flow, wake of an object, flow behind a bluff body, and wetting angle.     

A complex networks approach for data clustering

This work proposes a method for data clustering based on complex networks theory. A data set is represented as a network by considering different metrics to establish the connection between each pair of objects. The clusters are obtained by taking into account five community detection algorithms. The network-based clustering approach is applied in two real-world databases and two sets of artificially generated data. The obtained results suggest that the exponential of the Minkowski distance is the most suitable metric to quantify the similarities between pairs of objects. In addition, the community identification method based on the greedy optimization provides the best cluster solution. We compare the network-based clustering approach with some traditional clustering algorithms and verify that it provides the lowest classification error rate.     

Identification of the bow stabilization mechanism by numerical simulation of the laminar asymmetric flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past a cylinder with a projecting disk

The mechanism responsible for the bow stabilization that arises as a result of the deformation of the spatial vortex structures that are organized in the flow of a fluid past a cylinder with a projecting thin disk is analyzed by solving the Navier-Stokes equations using a factorized finite-volume method and a simplified approach based on analytical specification of the metric coefficients. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 138–142 (November 1998)     

自由汇流旋涡Ekman抽吸演化机理

自由汇流旋涡形成过程中有抽吸现象发生, 是一个比较复杂的气液两相耦合过程, 其中所涉及的Ekman层耦合及演化机理具有重要的科研价值与实际意义. 针对上述问题, 提出了一种自由汇流旋涡Ekman抽吸演化机理建模与分析方法. 基于多相流体体积VOF模型与湍动能-耗散(k-ε)模型, 建立了面向汇流旋涡Ekman抽吸演化的两相动力学模型. 基于上述模型, 分析初始转动速度分量、排流量与Ekman抽吸过程的内在联系, 并揭示相关流场分布规律. 研究结果表明: 初始扰动不同, 汇流旋涡的吸气孔、抽气孔距离容器底面边界的高度保持不变; 初始扰动加强, 吸气阶段转速增加, Ekman边界层厚度及抽吸高度增加, 抽吸、贯穿阶段Ekman抽吸现象减弱; 初始扰动恒定, Ekman抽吸高度保持不变, 与排流量变化无关. 研究结果可为自由汇流旋涡形成机理方面的研究提供有益参考, 也可为冶金、化工领域的旋涡抑制控制提供技术支持.     

On the space-time curvature experienced by quasiparticle excitations in the Painlevé-Gullstrand effective geometry

We consider quasiparticle propagation in constant-speed-of-sound (iso-tachic) and almost incompressible (iso-pycnal) hydrodynamic flows, using the technical machinery of general relativity to investigate the “effective space-time geometry” that is probed by the quasiparticles. This effective geometry, described for the quasiparticles of condensed matter systems by the Painlevé-Gullstrand metric, generally exhibits curvature (in the sense of Riemann) and many features of quasiparticle propagation can be re-phrased in terms of null geodesics, Killing vectors, and Jacobi fields. As particular examples of hydrodynamic flow we consider shear flow, a constant-circulation vortex, flow past an impenetrable cylinder, and rigid rotation.     

Simulations of single and multiple swimmers with non-divergence free deforming geometries

We present a vortex particle method coupled with a penalization technique to simulate single and multiple swimmers in an incompressible, viscous flow in two and three dimensions. The proposed algorithm can handle arbitrarily deforming bodies and their corresponding non-divergence free deformation velocity fields. The method is validated on a number of benchmark problems with stationary and moving boundaries. Results include flows of tumbling objects and single and multiple self-propelled swimmers.     

台风风场分解

为了对台风流场的复杂结构进行研究，采用二次变分方法对台风风场进行分解.首先，将台风的流场分解成最大的、不对称的涡旋流场和无旋流场；然后将不对称的涡旋流场分解成最大的对称涡旋和不对称的β涡旋对；最后，利用WRF(weather research and forcasting)模式(V2.1.2)模拟了200601号珍珠台风，并对各时次的500hPa风场用该方法进行分解，结果表明：该方法对台风的运动机理研究和实际的台风路径预测提供了有价值的信息. 关键词： 变分方法 涡旋 β涡旋对')" href="#">β涡旋对 通风流     

One-vortex moduli space and Ricci flow

The metric on the moduli space of one abelian Higgs vortex on a surface has a natural geometrical evolution as the Bradlow parameter, which determines the vortex size, varies. It is shown by various arguments, and by calculations in special cases, that this geometrical flow has many similarities to Ricci flow.     

基于混沌吸引子形态特性的两相流流型分类方法研究

利用高灵敏度差压传感器，在垂直上升管中采集到了80组气液两相流差压波动信号.利用放置参考截面的方法，建立了描述混沌吸引子形态的一般方法，在此基础上，提出了不同维数下的吸引子形态特征量进行组合的气液两相流流型分类新方法.研究结果表明：该方法对包括复杂过渡流型在内的气液两相流流型有很好分类效果，预示着混沌吸引子形态描述是研究非线性时间序列的实用有效途径. 关键词： 气液两相流 流型分类 吸引子形态 混合维     

离心泵蜗壳内旋涡流动的数值研究

采用"冻结转子法"处理叶轮与蜗壳间动静耦合流动的参数传递和相互干扰问题,研究了蜗壳进口周向非均匀来流对其内旋涡的演化发展的影响。分析表明,叶轮与蜗壳的干扰所造成的蜗壳进口周向流动的不均匀性是非常强烈的,整个蜗壳内的流动是以旋涡形式向出口推进的,且随工况的不同表现不同的演化过程,从而导致蜗壳内较大的流动损失。同时也说明只有考虑蜗壳来流的非均匀性影响,才能准确地模拟其内的旋涡运动。     

Probability measures on distribution spaces and quantum field theoretical models

It is well known that there is a close connection between (Abelian) fields and probability measures on distribution space, or more generally, on infinite-dimensional vector spaces, and their associated random processes. We establish general criteria for mutual singularity of such measures and apply them to quantum fields. In particular, it is shown that a kind of generalized clustering implies singularity. Then a condition for singularity is given in terms of a natural metric introduced previously. It is used to show that the translate of a measure by a linear functional which is not continuous for this metric is singular to the untranslated measure. The results are applied to processes with independent values at each point, corresponding to the ultra-local model. It is shown that each such measuris singular to any of its translates although its finite-dimensional projections may be equivalent to Lebesgue measure.     

高质量光学涡旋阵列的实验研究

将光学涡旋与计算全息技术相结合,提出一种高质量光学涡旋阵列的产生方法.从理论上研究了光学涡旋阵列的形成和分布特征,并模拟仿真产生涡旋光束阵列.基于面向目标的共轭对称延拓傅里叶计算全息方法编码生成光学涡旋阵列的全息图,利用单个反射式空间光调制器光电再现了与理论一致的光学涡旋阵列,并通过马赫-增德尔干涉法对生成的光学涡旋阵列进行验证.产生的高质量光学涡旋阵列提供了更复杂的结构分布和更多的可控参量,且实验光路易实现.研究结果在光学微操控、光通信等领域具有潜在应用价值.     

A Fourier-based elliptic solver for vortical flows with periodic and unbounded directions

We present a computationally efficient, adaptive solver for the solution of the Poisson and Helmholtz equation used in flow simulations in domains with combinations of unbounded and periodic directions. The method relies on using FFTs on an extended domain and it is based on the method proposed by Hockney and Eastwood for plasma simulations. The method is well-suited to problems with dynamically growing domains and in particular flow simulations using vortex particle methods. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated in simulations of trailing vortices.     

轴流压气机转子内流数值模拟及叶顶间隙泄漏分析

本文数值求解N—S方程和Euler方程对比分析单转子轴流压气机内部流场、计算较好地预测了压气机的平均流场及叶尖泄漏涡的生成演化过程。为分析泄漏流动的成因，本文采用简化模型计算泄漏速度。计算与实验结果的时比表明，泄漏流动是无私流动，粘性主要表现为对涡的衰减；泄漏流动由叶片两侧的转了静压控制，粘性在叶片两侧作用持平；给定叶片两侧的转子静压即可由Bernoulli方程求出泄漏速度。     

轴流式涡流管内三维流场的大涡模拟

根据涡流管内可压缩气体的强旋转运动是导致涡流管能量分离的根本原因,提出了在涡流管内加入一个"X"型导流片迫使气流产生强旋转运动,使其进气方式变为轴流式。利用计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法,建立了轴流式和切流式涡流管内部气体流动的三维大涡数值模型,对其内部气流流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明:"X"型导流片可以改变轴向进入气体的运动方向,使气体产生高速旋转运动,得出"X"型导流片的叶片夹角为θ=120°时,气体的旋转效果最好;大涡模拟可以较好地模拟涡流管内气流的三维流场。     

一种新的恒星光谱间距离度量方法：残差分布距离

距离度量是光谱巡天数据处理中的一个重要研究内容,其定义了一种不同光谱间的距离计算方法,以此为基础可进行光谱的分类、聚类、参数测量及离群数据挖掘等工作。距离度量方法的好坏在一定程度上影响了分类、聚类、参数测量及离群数据挖掘的效果及性能,同时随着大规模恒星光谱巡天项目的开展,如何针对恒星光谱定义更为有效的距离度量方法成为其数据处理中一个非常关键的问题。基于此问题,在充分考虑到恒星光谱的特点及其数据特征的基础上,提出一种新的恒星光谱间的距离度量方法：残差分布距离。该距离度量有别于传统计算恒星光谱间距离计算方法,利用该方法计算恒星光谱间的距离时,首先将两条光谱归一化到同一尺度下,然后计算对应波长处的残差,以残差谱分布的标准差作为距离度量。该距离度量方法可用于恒星分类、聚类以及恒星大气物理参数测量等应用中。本文以恒星光谱细分类为例来比较检验该距离度量方法,结果表明该方法定义的距离在分类时能更为有效的刻画不同类别光谱间的差距,可以很好的用于相关应用中。同时还研究了信噪比对该距离度量方法的影响：残差分布距离一定程度上受光谱信噪比影响,信噪比越小,对距离的影响越大;在信噪比大于10之后,残差分布距离对分类的影响很小。     

A Penalized Matrix Normal Mixture Model for Clustering Matrix Data

Along with advances in technology, matrix data, such as medical/industrial images, have emerged in many practical fields. These data usually have high dimensions and are not easy to cluster due to their intrinsic correlated structure among rows and columns. Most approaches convert matrix data to multi dimensional vectors and apply conventional clustering methods to them, and thus, suffer from an extreme high-dimensionality problem as well as a lack of interpretability of the correlated structure among row/column variables. Recently, a regularized model was proposed for clustering matrix-valued data by imposing a sparsity structure for the mean signal of each cluster. We extend their approach by regularizing further on the covariance to cope better with the curse of dimensionality for large size images. A penalized matrix normal mixture model with lasso-type penalty terms in both mean and covariance matrices is proposed, and then an expectation maximization algorithm is developed to estimate the parameters. The proposed method has the competence of both parsimonious modeling and reflecting the proper conditional correlation structure. The estimators are consistent, and their limiting distributions are derived. We applied the proposed method to simulated data as well as real datasets and measured its clustering performance with the clustering accuracy (ACC) and the adjusted rand index (ARI). The experiment results show that the proposed method performed better with higher ACC and ARI than those of conventional methods.     

Relativity and equivalence principles in a gauge theory of gravitation

Conclusion The principal difficulty that has obstructed the formulation of gauge gravitation for more than twenty years now is the fact that an Einstein gravitational field represents a metric or a tetradic field, while gauge fields are connections on fiber bundles.The popular approach to the resolution of this problem lies in attempts to represent tetrad fields as gauge fields of the translation subgroup within the framework of the gauge theory of the Poincaré group, but the existing set of variants of the latter theory indicate that it is a long way from completion.Our approach [2, 3] insists that in a gauge theory, apart from gauge fields, the situation of spontaneous breaking of symmetry can also admit Goldstone and Higgs fields, under which is subsumed the metric (tetrad) gravitational field by virtue of the fact that, as we have shown above, the equivalence principle is included in the gauge theory of gravitation.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 79–82, June, 1981.