频率受随机电报过程调制的系统的相干瞬态过程

由随机电报过程的性质出发,给出了频率受一个随机电报过程调制系统的Bloch方程,得到了这种系统中的自由感应衰减和光子回波衰减.     

频率受随机电报过程调制的系统的相干瞬态过程

由随机电报过程的性质出发，给出了频率受一个随机电报过程调制系统的Ｂｌｏｃｈ方程，得到了这种系统中的自由感应衰减和光子回波衰减．     

非指数光子回波衰减的理论研究

采用双值随机电报模型描述随机频率跳变过程．考虑具体的晶格结构，计算了几种顺磁离子光子回波的非指数衰减．和Monte Carlo方法模拟的结果非常接近，同实验观察一致，几种样品的衰减形式几乎相同 关键词：     

随机电报过程引起的光失相的计算

本文计算了红宝石中Al核自旋跳变引起的R₁[⁴A₂(S=-3/2)→²E(S=-1/2)]回波衰减。用随机电报过程描述每个Al核自旋(i)跳变引起Cr共振频率的起伏Δi,这个过程对光子回波衰减的贡献〈E_i(t₂₁)〉可以用解析式表示。首先计算核自旋(i)跳变的总速率Wi及它引起的Δi,求出〈E_i(t₂₁)〉。设对Cr光失相起主要贡献的每个Al核自旋跳变近似是独立的,所以总的回波强度是所有Al引起的〈E_i(t)₂₁〉的乘积。计算得到非指数的回波衰减,以I=I₀exp〔-(4t/t_m)^x〕拟合,x=2.56,t_m=50.6μs,与实验及计算机模拟的结果一致.     

随机电报过程引起的光失相的计算

本文计算了红宝石中Ａｌ核自旋跳变引起的Ｒ１［４Ａ２（Ｓ＝－３／２）→２Ｅ（Ｓ＝－１／２）］回波衰减．用随机电报过程描述每个Ａｌ核自旋（ｉ）跳变引起Ｃｒ共振频率的起伏Δｉ，这个过程对光子回波衰减的贡献〈Ｅｉ（ｔ２１）〉可以用解析式表示．首先计算核自旋（ｉ）跳变的总速率Ｗｉ及它引起的Δｉ，求出〈Ｅｉ（ｔ２１）〉．设对Ｃｒ光失相起主要贡献的每个Ａｌ核自旋跳变近似是独立的，所以总的回波强度是所有Ａｌ引起的〈Ｅｉ（ｔ）２１〉的乘积．计算得到非指数的回波衰减，以Ｉ＝Ｉ０ｅｘｐ〔－（４ｔ／ｔｍ）ｘ〕拟合，ｘ＝２．５６，ｔｍ＝５０．６μｓ，与实验及计算机模拟的结果一致     

掺Er^3＋石英光纤中的共振增强受激四光子混频

首次实验观察到在1064nm激光泵浦下掺Er~(3+)石英光纤中的共振增强受激四光子混频现象和光学自由感应衰减过程.在频域和时域上实验证明了Er~(3+)的~4I_(11/2)激发态能级对受激四光子混频产生的反斯托克斯谱线的增强效应.     

基于波长330nm激光激发多色激光导星回波光子数的数值计算与探讨

采用无模激光器发射波长为330 nm的激光激发多色激光导星,需要考虑脉冲激光重频率、激光带宽、激光初始光斑直径以及大气透过率对回波光子数的影响.通过数值模拟,计算了高斯光束的脉冲激光和连续激光激发多色激光导星在实际大气中后向辐射330 nm和2207 nm波长的回波光子数.数值计算结果表明,在垂直发射和接收的情况下,当到达大气中间层的激光能量为1 W时,连续激光能够获得更多的回波光子数,并且回波光子数几乎无起伏.对于脉冲激光,提高脉冲激光重频率达到50 kHz以上时,多色激光导星330 nm的回波光子数随脉冲重频率的增加趋于有限值;当大气能见度小于5 km且大气相干长度为12.8 cm时,大约需要34 W以上的激光发射能量,才能获得满足使用自然星全倾斜探测的330 nm回波光子数.对于连续激光,相同情况下,大约需要20 W以上的激光发射能量.     

激光等离子体中多光子非线性Compton散射的光子加速

利用相对论性电子与光子非弹性碰撞模型，研究了激光等离子体中发生多光子非线性Gompton散射时，由于尾波场的作用而引起的散射光子频率的变化。结果表明，光子可以从激光场中获得能量，在光子总数减少的情况下，光子频率增大，光子获得加速。     

量子测量对三维光子晶体中Λ型原子动力学性质的影响

讨论了量子测量对各向异性光子晶体中Λ型激发态原子衰减的影响，主要包括衰减的抑制和加速效应.研究发现，这样的量子测量效应不仅与原子共振频率相对于光子晶体带边的位置有关，还与量子测量本身的频率大小相关.由于各向异性光子晶体的影响，较小频率的量子测量也能得到抑制衰减的效应. 关键词： 量子测量 量子Zeno 和 反Zeno效应 光子晶体     

双频光子回波

在强光泵浦原子体系而组成的缀饰原子体系中,荧光谱线除了中心频率之外还有两边频.用频率为其一边频、脉冲面积分别为π/2、π,时间间隔为T的两个光脉冲激发体系,从而在第二个脉冲过后T时刻产生了光子回波.发现与通常的光子回波现象不同之处,除了原激发频率的光回波之外,还有另一边频的回波被诱发.     

What Are the Conditions for Exponential Time-Cubed Echo Decays?

Diffusion of precessing spins through a constant field gradient is well-known to produce two distinctive features: an exp(-bt(3)) decay of the echo amplitude in response to two pulses and a much slower decay of the Carr-Purcell echo train. These features will appear whenever the spin frequency is described by a continuous random-walk. The present work shows that this may also occur in the presence of motions with long correlation times tau(c)-continuous Gaussian frequency noise with an exponential autocorrelation has the correct properties over time durations smaller than tau(c). Thus, time-cubed echo decays will occur in situations other than physical diffusion. The decay rate of the Carr-Purcell echo train is shown to vary with the pulse spacing tau whenever the correlation time tau(c) is long; the slower Carr-Purcell decay compared to the two-pulse echo decay is not unique to diffusion. Simulations are presented that display time-cubed decays. The simulations confirm two important criteria: the echo time must be less than tau(c) and the frequency noise must consist of nearly continuous variations, as opposed to step-like changes. These criteria define the range of physical parameters for which time-cubed decays will be observable.     

Influence of molecular motions on NQR echoes

The influence of thermal molecular motions on spin echo decay in pure nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is considered. Our calculations show that the Hahn echo decay is caused by dipole-dipole interaction of the nuclear spins and is strongly affected by molecular mobility that can lead to the shortening of the echo decay with increased temperature. Slow molecular motion yields an exponential τ₃ time dependence, while fast motion yields an exponential decay. The outlined theory allows us to explain an unusual shortening of the³⁵Cl NQR echo decay on heating in thiourea-C₂Cl₆ inclusion compound.     

Coherent control of optical transient processes in a gas

The possibility of controlling the processes of the free-polarization decay and photon echo in a gas by means of resonant CW radiation has been shown. The photon echo and free-polarization decay are formed using the method of the Stark switching of levels in a low-intensity radiation field in the presence of an orthogonally polarized strong field. The experiments in the gas at the R(4, 3) transition in the vibrational band 0 ? 1 v₃ ¹³CH₃F in the presence of radiation from a CW CO₂ laser and the calculations by the evolution operator method show a strong effect of the high-intensity radiation field on the photon echo and free-polarization decay to its complete suppression.     

Detection of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) by turbo spectroscopic imaging

Turbo spectroscopic imaging (TSI) is a spin echo spectroscopic imaging technique in which two or more echoes are acquired per excitation to reduce the acquisition time. The application of TSI has primarily been limited to the detection of uncoupled spins because the signal from coupled spins is modulated as a function of echo time. In this work we demonstrate how the TSI sequence can be modified to observe spins like the C₂ protons of Glx (≈3.75 ppm) which are involved solely in weak-coupling interactions. The technique exploits the chemical shift displacement effect by employing TSI refocusing pulses that have bandwidths which are less than the chemical shift difference between the target spins and the spins to which they are weakly coupled. The modified TSI sequence rewinds the J-evolution of the target protons in the slice of interest independently of the echo time or echo spacing, thereby removing any signal variation between successive echoes (apart from T₂ relaxation effects). In this study we tailored the narrow-bandwidth TSI sequence for observation of the C₂ Glx protons. The echo time was experimentally optimized to minimize signal contamination from myo-inositol, and the efficacy of the method was verified on phantom solutions of Glx and on brain in vivo.     

Comparison of electron spin relaxation times measured by Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill and two-pulse spin-echo sequences

Electron spin relaxation times obtained by two-pulse spin-echo and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) experiments were compared for samples with: (i) low concentrations of nuclear spins, (ii) higher concentrations of nuclear spins and low concentrations of unpaired electrons, (iii) higher concentrations of nuclear spins and of electron spins, and (iv) dynamic averaging of inequivalent hyperfine couplings on the EPR timescale. In each case, the CPMG time constant decreased as the time between the refocusing pulses increased. For the samples with low concentrations of nuclear spins (the E' center in irradiated amorphous SiO2) the limiting value of the CPMG time constant at short interpulse spacings was similar to the Tm obtained by two-pulse spin echo at small turning angle. For the other samples, the time constants obtained by CPMG at short interpulse spacings were systematically longer than Tm obtained by two-pulse spin echo. For most of the samples, the CPMG time constant decreased with increasing electron spin concentration, which is consistent with the expectation that the CPMG sequence does not refocus dephasing due to electron-electron dipolar interaction between resonant spins. Dynamic processes that average inequivalent hyperfine couplings contributed less to the CPMG time constant than to the spin-echo decay time constant. The impact of nuclear echo envelope modulation on CPMG time constants also was examined. For a Nycomed trityl radical in glassy D2O:glycerol-d8 solution, the CPMG time constant was up to 20 times longer when the time between pulses was approximately equal to integer multiples of the reciprocal of the deuterium Larmor frequency than when the time between pulses was an odd multiple of half the reciprocal of the deuterium Larmor frequency.     

Non-Markovian Dynamics of a Localized Electron Spin Due to the Hyperfine Interaction

We review our theoretical work on the dynamics of a localized electron spin interacting with an environment of nuclear spins. Our perturbative calculation is valid for arbitrary polarization p of the nuclear spin system and arbitrary nuclear spin I in a sufficiently large magnetic field. In general, the electron spin shows rich dynamics, described by a sum of contributions with exponential decay, nonexponential decay, and undamped oscillations. We have found an abrupt crossover in the long-time spin dynamics at a critical shape and dimensionality of the electron envelope wave function. We conclude with a discussion of our proposed scheme to measure the relevant dynamics using a standard spin–echo technique.     

Influence of High Orientational Order on the Shape of the Echo Response from a Hahn Pulse Sequence

The amplitude modulations in the simulations of the Hahn echo responses from cholestane spin labels in samples characterized by a high degree of orientational order are shown to arise from the use of “soft” pulses. Soft pulses have a limited spectral range and cover only a small portion of the CW-ESR spectra, so that not all the spins are on-resonance. The magnetization vectors of the off-resonance spins only partially tilted away from the laboratoryzaxis, the direction of the applied static magnetic field. They thus contribute oscillating components to the magnetization in thexyplane. The contribution from the off-resonance spins to the Hahn echo formation is significant in highly oriented samples, but cancels out in samples exhibiting a small degree of order. Experimental echo responses obtained from CSL molecules embedded in rigid matrices of eggPC bilayers and the liquid crystalline materials ZLI and MBBA confirm the theoretical predictions.     

TE mode photon echo in slab waveguides

A theory of TE mode photon echo in slab waveguides is developed. It is found that the conditions for generation of a photon echo in waveguides can substantially differ from those in bulk material. For the photon echo in waveguides there is an optimum value of the Rabi frequency, and the echo energy does not depend periodically on the Rabi frequency as in the case of bulk material photon echo. Moreover, it is shown that the capability for echo generation is different for different modes. In particular there are several modes in the waveguide which cannot, in principle, generate an echo.