电控径向滤波器的横向超分辨与轴向焦移

提出一种光瞳滤波器来同时实现横向超分辨和轴向焦移效应的电控制.该光瞳滤波器由两偏光镜及包含有径向双折射元件的任意偏振态的电控旋光器组成.利用径向双折射元件对光偏振态的空间调制作用,结合旋光器对任意偏振态光的旋光作用,与两个偏光镜结合,实现了空间偏振态的重新分布.利用庞加莱球及琼斯理论进行了分析,结果表明,借助这种电致位相延迟来实现的偏振态调制效应,可同时实现横向超分辨与轴向焦移效应.对能够同时获得横向超分辨与轴向焦移的情况进行了分析,得到了系统各组成参量及电光调制范围.     

电控径向双折射滤波器的横向超分辨与轴向扩展焦深

提出利用电控径向双折射光瞳滤波器实现横向超分辨性能参量的调制与轴向扩展焦深。该光瞳滤波器由两个平行偏光镜,一个电光晶体与一个径向对称双折射晶体组成。分析了电光晶体与径向双折射元件对光偏振态的空间调制作用,通过控制电光晶体的相位延迟实现径向中心处初始偏振态的控制,与径向双折射元件横向偏振态调制结合,实现了庞加莱球上偏振态演变路径与阶段的控制,从而对焦点附近偏振态进行空间调制以实现光强的重新分布。研究结果表明,外加电场调制可以实现横向上超分辨性能的调控以及轴向上焦深的扩展,并可得到相应的电光相位延迟范围。     

复振幅光瞳滤波器的三维超分辨性能研究

超分辨技术中现有的纯振幅型或纯相位型光瞳滤波器,大部分只能实现轴向或横向超分辨而不能实现三维超分辨,三维超分辨在三维成像系统中有着重要的作用。因此为提高成像系统中的三维分辨能力,设计了一种复振幅光瞳滤波器,并对其三维超分辨性能进行了研究。详细分析了该光瞳滤波器的第一区半径和透射率对施特雷尔比、轴向和横向超分辨因子以及旁瓣能量的影响。通过一系列的模拟证明,借助于复振幅光瞳滤波器可以实现三维超分辨。该滤波器的优点是容易实现三维超分辨,且有比较高的施特雷尔比,缺点是三维超分辨的实现总是伴随着旁瓣能量的增加,但可以采用共焦扫描成像系统来加以抑制。     

改进型基于径向双折射晶体的超分辨滤波器

改进了现有的基于径向双折射晶体的横向超分辨滤波器.通过调整偏振器的偏振方向和晶体光轴之间的夹角,改进的滤波器可以实现更广的超分辨可调范围,并且在相同的条件下,相对于现有的连续振幅型超分辨光瞳滤波器,超分辨性能和焦深都有较大提高.改进的超分辨滤波器,为实际应用提供了更多方便.     

三区振幅型超分辨光瞳滤波器的设计

提出运用非线性规划及目标规划法,在给定斯特雷耳比S(超分辨模型和艾里模型主瓣最大亮度比)的条件下,设计出使成像系统的横向、轴向及三维分辨率分别达到最大值的环形振幅型超分辨光瞳滤波器。给出超分辨优化设计模型和实例,并作图验证其结果。对超分辨率伴随的旁瓣效应,把滤波器应用于共焦扫描系统,可有效地抑制旁瓣,提高成像信噪比和对比度。此方案用于三区以上振幅型超分辨滤波器及环形纯相位超分辨光瞳滤波器的设计,为超分辨滤波器的设计提供了参考。     

超分辨望远光学系统像差影响及优化设计

针对大口径光学系统中像差影响超分辨效果的问题,开展泽尼克波前像差对望远超分辨成像系统性能和超分辨局部视场影响的研究。设计四区型位相光瞳滤波器,在理想光学系统出瞳处分别加入离焦、像散、彗差和球差像差,逐渐增加幅值,通过分析不同类别和幅度的波前像差下焦面光强分布变化,研究超分辨成像性能和局部视场对不同种类像差的容忍程度。结果表明,离焦可以抑制超分辨旁瓣能量,提高超分辨倍率,但对局部视场影响较大;球差可以抑制超分辨旁瓣能量,增大局部视场;像散和彗差使光斑圆对称性明显下降,其中像散对局部视场的影响较为明显;同时加入适量离焦和球差时,超分辨旁瓣能量下降,超分辨倍率提高,且不影响系统局部视场。据此设计了一个F数为10,焦距为12 m的大口径光学系统,通过合理优化球差和离焦剩余量,实现了超分辨倍率由1.21倍到1.31倍的提升,最大旁瓣峰值由0.33下降到0.30,局部视场为38.28μm。     

位相型光瞳滤波器对共焦系统离焦工作状态横向分辨特性的影响

分析了共焦显微系统(CMS)离焦状态工作时分辨特性的变化,指出了离焦状态是导致CMS横向分辨特性变差的主要影响因素之一。提出并采用了位相型超分辨光瞳滤波技术来改善CMS工作在离焦状态下的横向分辨特性,分析了超分辨光瞳滤波器位置变化对CMS横向分辨特性的影响。理论分析和实验验证表明,位相型超分辨光瞳滤波技术的引入,显著抑制了CMS工作在离焦状态时艾里斑旁瓣的增长,克服了CMS因工作在离焦状态而引起的横向分辨特性下降的缺点。     

基于矢量衍射理论的相位型光瞳滤波器设计

根据矢量衍射理论,提出了一种设计纯相位型光瞳滤波器的新方法根据该方法所设计的滤波器主要应用于采用高数值孔径显微物镜的成像系统对点扩散函数中的指数因子进行二次近似处理后,可以得到超分辨参量与滤波器参量的近似关系式以三区相位型滤波器为例,讨论了该近似关系式的有效性给出一个设计实例,根据所要求的超分辨性能要求设计滤波器.模拟结果表明,该滤波器达到了设计要求,最后利用共焦系统点扩散函数的乘积特性,大大减弱了旁瓣的影响.     

两级串联声光可调谐滤波器旁瓣抑制的研究

阐述了偏振依赖的共线型和偏振无关的准共线型声光可调谐滤波器的滤波原理,进而导出了两级滤波的转换特性表达式;通过理论计算说明了两级声光可调谐滤波器能够有效地抑制旁瓣;最后,将两个单级的声光可调谐滤波器级联成两级滤波器,进行了旁瓣抑制的实验.实验结果表明,旁瓣被抑制到-19 dB,并且3 dB带宽也得到一定程度的压窄. 关键词： 集成光学 声光可调谐滤波器 旁瓣抑制     

基于最大似然法的共焦拉曼光谱成像方法

随着现代科技对纳米微观区域兴趣的增加,如DNA测序、分子纳米器件微结构检测等,其对拉曼光谱技术的空间分辨力提出了更高的要求,而现有共焦拉曼光谱技术受自身原理限制,空间分辨力已无法满足科学需求。针对这一问题,在现有共焦拉曼光谱技术的基础上,提出一种基于最大似然算法的共焦拉曼光谱成像方法。该方法将超分辨图像复原技术与共焦拉曼光谱技术相结合,利用基于Poisson-Markov约束的最大似然超分辨复原算法对共焦拉曼光谱图像进行超分辨图像复原处理,恢复图像高频成分,进而改善共焦拉曼光谱系统的空间分辨能力,实现超分辨成像。仿真分析和实验结果表明,提出的基于最大似然算法的共焦拉曼光谱成像方法在不改变现有共焦拉曼光谱系统光学结构的前提下,仅对单幅拉曼光谱图像进行超分辨图像复原处理,即可将系统空间分辨力提高到200 nm,实现超分辨成像,同时该方法具有较强的噪声抑制能力。该方法有效地提高了共焦拉曼光谱系统的空间分辨力,为物理化学、材料科学等前沿领域中的高空间分辨微区光谱探测提供了一种新的途径,是一种行之有效的高空间分辨的共焦拉曼光谱成像方法。     

Transverse superresolution with the radial continuous transmittance filter

The radial continuous transmittance filter is presented to realize transverse superresolution. It consists of two parallel polarizers and a radial birefringent element sandwiched between of them. By adjusting the angle between optical axis of the radial birefringent element and the polarization direction of the polarizers, transverse superresolution can be realized. But transverse superresolution is obtained at the cost of the axial resolution and the increase of the side-lobes in strength. So we then mend such filter, with it not only enhance the transverse resolution but also suppress the influence of the side-lobes and the reduction of the axial resolution. At the same time, the Strehl ratio increases. The advantage of such a filter used in superresolution technique is that it is easy to fabricate because its fabrication does not deal with the variation of the phase.     

Narrow-band high-transmittance birefringent filter and its application in wide color gamut display

We propose a narrow-band birefringent filter and its application in wide color gamut. The birefringent filter consists of five phase retarders and two polarizers, and it has both narrow band and high transmittance. In the experiment, we fabricate the birefringent filter using quartz phase retarders and polarizers, and apply it in serval different displays. The color gamuts of displays are enhanced more than 30%NTSC(National Television System Committee), and the widest color gamuts that have been obtained are 126%NTSC in liquid crystal displays and 138%NTSC in organic light-emitting devices. Moreover,the deep blue light in spectrum of display can be reduced using the birefringent filter. The birefringent filter can be an efficient element to achieve wide color gamut display.     

Differential confocal technology based on radial birefringent pupil filtering principle

In order to improve the spatial resolution of a confocal system, a radial birefringent pupil filter (RBPF) is introduced into a differential confocal system. RBPF consists of two polarizers with a birefringent element between them, and its pupil function is deduced from Jones matrix. The thickness and curvature radius of RBPF are optimized independently, using the first zero coordinate ratio. The pupil function is modulated by RBPF to enhance the half-width of the response function, and lateral resolution is improved when response curve is changed with the position of RBPF as well as the polarization; then axial super-resolution of the system can be guaranteed using differential confocal detection mechanism. In comparison with conventional pupil filtering technology, RBPF features high lateral resolution and can be easily produced; moreover, it also has a simple structure. Together with its low cost, RBPF provides a new way for the improvement of super-resolution of confocal system. It is indicated from theoretical analysis and preliminary experiments that the lateral resolution can be significantly improved and the measurement error is reduced by 76 nm when measuring a standard grating of period 3 μm; the axial resolution up to 3 nm has been achieved using the optimized pupil filter. In addition to its application for measurement of a small irregular surface in a limited space, the whole differential confocal system proposed can be fitted onto a coordinate measuring machine for non-contact measurement of dimensions and surface roughness.     

Influences of phase shift on superresolution performances of annular filters

This paper investigates the influences of phase shift on superresolution performances of annular filters. Firstly, it investigates the influence of phase shift on axial superresolution. It proves theoretically that axial superresolution can not be obtained by two-zone phase filter with phase shift π, and it gets the phase shift with which axial superresolution can be brought by two-zone phase filter. Secondly, it studies the influence of phase shift on transverse superresolution. It finds that the three-zone phase filter with arbitrary phase shift has an almost equal optimal transverse gain to that of commonly used three-zone phase filter, but can produce a much higher axial superresolution gain. Thirdly, it investigates the influence of phase shift on three-dimensional superresolution. Three-dimensional superresolution capability and design margin of three-zone complex filter with arbitrary phase shift are obtained, which presents the theoretical basis for three-dimensional superresolution design. Finally, it investigates the influence of phase shift on focal shift. To obtain desired focal shifts, it designs a series of three-zone phase filters with different phase shifts. A spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to implement the designed filters. By regulating the voltage imposed on the SLM, an accurate focal shift control is obtained.     

双模式高精度可调超分辨光瞳滤波器

基于双折射波片的特性,提出了一种具有双调节模式的连续可调超分辨光瞳滤波器。该滤波器通过两种调节模式实现超分辨,且在一定范围内连续可调。在横向旋转模式下,该滤波器为复振幅型光瞳滤波器,纵向倾斜模式下为纯相位型超分辨滤波器。通过对超分辨参量的分析,得到最佳设计参量,可以实现大的视场角,大的超分辨范围、高的调节精度。这种滤波器为实际应用提供了更多的方便。     

Discrete continuous-phase superresolving filters

A new type of phase-only superresolving pupil filter with a discrete continuous-phase profile is presented that is a combination of discrete multilevel-phase modulation and continuous-phase modulation. This type of filter can achieve better superresolution performance than the continuous-phase filters reported in Opt. Lett. 28, 607 (2003). Therefore, with regard to the superresolution effect, this type of filter deserves study for practical applications. More importantly, the diffraction performance of this type of filter can explain the effect of a discrete-phase filter illuminated with a continuous wave front, whose superresolving performance cannot be analyzed with previous superresolution methods.