Deux trajectoires de regge dans la reaction πp → πn

The possibility of describing the high-energy reaction π⁻p^→π⁰n with two Regge trajectories (t) and _'(t) is studied in more detail. These trajectories are assumed to be exactly linear in t, with (t) constrained to pass through (m²) = 1. We examine hypotheses in which (t) obeys either the Gell-Mann mechanism or the Chew mechanism, and in which '(t) is or is not a conspiring trajectory. The model is in good agreement with the data in practically all cases; greater experimental accuracy would be necessary to distinguish between the various hypothesis. Predictions are given for the neutron polarization at |t| < 1 GeV².     

Cosmological bounds on Dirac-Majorana neutrinos

We examine, by way of a detailed numerical calculation, the consequences for primordial nucleosynthesis of a weakly interacting neutrino which possesses both Dirac and Majorana mass terms. In the special limiting case of a pseudo-Dirac neutrino we place bounds on the pseudo-Dirac mass splitting δm_p-D. This bound is relevant to a class of models constructed to incorporate the proposed 17 keV neutrino. We find that in the standard model |δm_p-D|<10⁻¹⁰ eV. In the models with majorons the bound is less restrictive, but still several orders of magnitude more stringent than previous estimates.     

Matter–antimatter asymmetry and neutrino properties

The cosmological baryon asymmetry can be explained as remnant of heavy Majorana neutrino decays in the early universe. We study this mechanism for two models of neutrino masses with a large ν_μ−ν_τ mixing angle which are based on the symmetries SU(5)×U(1)_F and SU(3)_c×SU(3)_L×SU(3)_R×U(1)_F, respectively. In both cases B−L is broken at the unification scale Λ_GUT. The models make different predictions for the baryogenesis temperature and the gravitino abundance.     

Exploring leptonic CP violation by reactor and neutrino superbeam experiments

We point out the possibility that reactor measurement of θ₁₃, when combined with high-statistics ν_e appearance accelerator experiments, can detect leptonic CP violation. Our proposal is based on a careful statistical analysis under reasonable assumptions on systematic errors, assuming 2 years running of the neutrino mode J-PARC → Hyper-Kamiokande experiment and a few years running of a reactor experiment with 100 t detectors at the Kashiwazaki–Kariwa nuclear power plant. We show that the method can be arranged to be insensitive to the intrinsic parameter degeneracy but is affected by the one due to unknown sign of Δm²₃₁.     

Tri-bimaximal mixing and the neutrino oscillation data

Following recent results from the SNO solar neutrino experiment and the K2K long-baseline neutrino experiment, the combined existing data on neutrino oscillations now point strongly to a specific form for the lepton mixing matrix, with effective bimaximal mixing of ν_μ and ν_τ at the atmospheric scale and effective trimaximal mixing for ν_e with ν_μ and ν_τ at the solar scale (hence ‘tri-bimaximal’ mixing). We give simple mass-matrices leading to tri-bimaximal mixing, and discuss its relation to the Fritzsch–Xing democratic ansatz.     

Minimal SUSY SO(10), b–τ unification and large neutrino mixings

We show that the assumption of type II seesaw mechanism for small neutrino masses coupled with b–τ mass unification in a minimal SUSY SO(10) model leads not only to a natural understanding of large atmospheric mixing angle (θ₂₃) among neutrinos, as recently noted, but also to large solar angle (θ₁₂) and a small θ₁₃≡U_e3 as required to fit observations. No additional symmetries are required to obtain large neutrino mixings. The proposed long baseline neutrino experiments will provide a crucial test of this model since it predicts U_e30.16.     

Reconciling cold dark matter with COBE/IRAS plus solar and atmospheric neutrino data

We present a model where an unstable MeV Majorana tau neutrino can naturally reconcile the cold dark matter model (CDM) with cosmological observations of large and small scale density fluctuations and, simultaneously, with data on solar and atmospheric neutrinos. The solar neutrino deficit is explained through long wavelength, so-called just-so oscillations involving conversions of ν_e into both ν_μ and a sterile species ν_s , while atmospheric neutrino data are explained through ν_μ to ν_e conversions. Future long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, as well as some reactor experiments will test this hypothesis. The model is based on the spontaneous violation of a global lepton number symmetry at the weak scale. This symmetry plays a key role in generating the cosmologically required decay of the ν_τ with lifetime τ_ντ ≈ 10²-10⁴ seconds, as well as the masses and oscillations of the three light neutrinos ν_e, ν_μ and ν_s required in order to account for solar and atmospheric neutrino data. It also leads to the invisibly decaying Higgs signature that can be searched at LEP and future particle colliders.     

3ν oscillations in matter and solar neutrino data

A method of searching for 3ν solutions of the solar neutrino problem in terms of 2ν solutions is proposed. It gives “iso-SNU strips” on the plot of Δm² versus sin²2θ. A combined analusis of Cl---Ar experiment data and results of the ⁸B neutrino flux measurement by νe scattering (Kamiokande II) is presented.     

Neutrino oscillations induced by two-loop radiative mechanism

Two-loop radiative mechanism, when combined with an U(1)_L′ symmetry generated by L_e − L_μ − L_τ (=L′), is shown to provide an estimate of Δm²/Δm²_atm εm_e/m_τ, where ε measures the U(1)_L′-breaking. Since Δm²_atm 3.5×10⁻³ eV², we find that Δm² ε10⁻⁶ eV², which will fall into the allowed region of the LOW solution to the solar neutrino problem for ε 0.1.     

The Earth effects on the supernova neutrino spectra

The Earth effects on the energy spectra of supernova neutrinos are studied. We analyze numerically the time-integrated energy spectra of neutrino in a mantle–core–mantle step function model of the Earth's matter density profile. We consider a realistic frame-work in which there are three active neutrinos whose mass squared differences and mixings are constrained by the present understanding of solar and atmospheric neutrinos. We find that the energy spectra change for some allowed mixing parameters. Especially, the expected number of events at SNO shows characteristic behavior with respect to energy, i.e., a great dip and peak. We show that observations of the Earth effect allow us to identify the solar neutrino solution and to probe the mixing angle θ₂.     

Limits of neutrino stability from the γ-ray flux measured in coincidence with neutrinos from SN 1987a

Limits for the neutrino decay ν_H→ν_L+γ, where ν_H and ν_L are assumed to be massive neutrinos withm_VH>m_VL, are presented using data from the Solar Maximum Mission satellite taken in coincidence with the detected neutrino burst from SN 1987A. These limits are essentially independent of supernova models and are and τ/m_νμ,τ>3.3×10¹⁴ s/eV for a thermal spectrum at a temperature .     

Simultaneous measurements of the p+d→(A=3)+π reactions

A stack of annular detectors made of high-purity germanium was used to measure simultaneously pd → ³H π⁺ and pd → ³He π⁰ differential cross sections at beam momenta of 750 MeV/c, 800 MeV/c, and 850 MeV/c over a large angular range. The extracted total cross sections for the pd → ³He π⁰ reactions bridge a gap between near threshold data and those in the resonance region. The ratio of the cross sections for the two reaction channels taken at the same η=p^cm_π/m_π yields 2.11±0.08 indicating that a deviation from isospin symmetry is very small.     

The CMSSM parameter space at large tanβ

We extend previous combinations of LEP and cosmological relic density constraints on the parameter space of the constrained MSSM, with universal input supersymmetry-breaking parameters, to large tanβ. We take account of the possibility that the lightest Higgs boson might weigh about 115 GeV, but also retain the possibility that it might be heavier. We include the most recent implementation of the b→sγ constraint at large tanβ. We refine previous relic density calculations at large tanβ by combining a careful treatment of the direct-channel Higgs poles in annihilation of pairs of neutralinos χ with a complete treatment of χ– coannihilation, and discuss carefully uncertainties associated with the mass of the b quark. We find that coannihilation and pole annihilations allow the CMSSM to yield an acceptable relic density at large tanβ, but it is consistent with all the constraints only if m_χ>140 (180) GeV for μ>0 (μ<0) for our default choices  GeV, m_t=175 GeV, and A₀=0.     

τ→μγ and μ→eγ as probes of neutrino mass models

We discuss the possibility of discriminating between different supersymmetric see-saw models by improving the experimental sensitivity to charged lepton flavour violating processes. Assuming a hierarchical neutrino mass spectrum, we classify see-saw models according to how the hierarchy Δm²Δm²_atm is generated, and study the predictions of each class for the branching ratios of τ→μγ and μ→eγ. The process τ→μγ is found to be a particularly promising tool to probe the fundamental see-saw parameters, and especially to identify the origin of the large atmospheric mixing angle. Predictions for μ→eγ are more model-dependent. We point out that, even with an improvement of the experimental sensitivities by three orders of magnitude, both τ→μγ and μ→eγ could escape detection in models where Δm²_atm is determined by one of the lightest right-handed neutrinos.     

Vortex penetration depth of κ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br

The magnetic field dependence of the in-plane penetration depth λ_|(H) for single crystal κ-(ET)₂Cu[N(CN)₂]Br has been measured at 3, 9.6, and 36 MHz. Over a limited range, λ_| scales with a characteristic field H^*(T) that coincides with a shoulder in the λ_| vs. H curves. Above that field, λ_| increases sharply toward a second inflection point at H^**(T) that coincides with is close to the irreversibility line measured by magnetization. For fields larger than H^** the penetration depth diverges, suggesting that the vortex lattice has melted. The field dependence at one frequency agrees qualitatively with a model of pinned vortices at low fields giving way to flux flow at higher fields. However, the observed frequency dependence deviates significantly from the predictions of this model, suggesting that collective effects play a major role. Our technique also yields a new measurement for the interplane penetration depth λ 300 μm, implying an anisotropy λ/λ_| > 200.     

A new three-flavor oscillation solution of the solar neutrino deficit in <Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>-parity violating supersymmetry

We present a solution of the solar neutrino deficit using three flavors of neutrinos and R-parity non-conserving supersymmetry. In this model, in vacuum, the is massless and unmixed, mass and mixing being restricted to the - sector only, which we choose in consistency with the requirements of the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. The flavor changing and flavor diagonal neutral currents present in the model and the three-flavor picture together produce an energy dependent resonance-induced - mixing in the sun. This mixing plays a key role in the new solution to the solar neutrino problem. The best fit to the solar neutrino rates and spectrum (1258-day SK and 241-day SNO data) requires a mass square difference of eV² in vacuum between the two lightest neutrinos. This solution cannot accommodate a significant day-night effect for solar neutrinos nor CP violation in terrestrial neutrino experiments. Received: 26 December 2001 / Revised version: 16 February 2002 / Published online: 26 July 2002     

Can symmetric texture reproduce neutrino bi-large mixing?

We study the symmetric texture of geometric form with 2-zeros to see if it is consistent with the presently-known neutrino masses and mixings. In the neutrino mass matrix elements we obtain numerically the allowed region of the parameters including CP-violating phases, which can reproduce the present neutrino experiment data. The result of this analysis dictates the narrow region for the GUT model including Pati–Salam symmetry with texture zeros to be consistent with the experimental data. The |U_e3| and J_CP are also predicted in such models.     

Resonance neutrino bremsstrahlung ν → νγ in a strong magnetic field

High energy neutrino bremsstrahlung ν → ν + γ in a strong magnetic field (B B_s) is studied in the framework of the Standard Model (SM). A resonance probability and a four-vector of the neutrino energy and momentum loss are presented. A possible manifestation of the neutrino bremsstrahlung in astrophysical cataclysm of type of a supernova explosion or a merger of neutron stars, as an origin of cosmological γ-burst is briefly discussed.     

No-go for detecting CP violation via neutrinoless double beta decay

We present a necessary condition on the solar oscillation amplitude for CP violation to be detectable through neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. It depends only on the fractional uncertainty in the ν_e–ν_e element of the neutrino mass matrix. We demonstrate that even under very optimistic assumptions about the sensitivity of future experiments to the absolute neutrino mass scale, and on the precision with which nuclear matrix elements that contribute to 0νββ decay are calculable, it will be impossible to detect neutrino CP violation arising from Majorana phases.