Au等离子体M带5f-3d跃迁透射谱的理论模拟

基于细致组态(DCA)方法和跃迁系列群 (UTA) 模型,采用全相对论处理并结合量子亏损理论,计算了金Au激光等离子体的M带5f-3d跃迁的透射谱, 给出了金等离子体在不同电子温度和电子密度的时空电离态特性,平均电离度,离子丰度和离子内各能级的布居数,并模拟出Au等离子体的M 带5f-3d跃迁的细致谱线,其计算结果可对激光等离子体透射谱的电子温度和电子密度进行精密诊断.     

真空中脉冲激光烧蚀铝等离子体发射光谱及粒子速度研究

利用Q开关Nd:YAG激光器产生的1.06 μm倍频后532 nm、脉宽10 ns的脉冲激光聚焦在置于真空室中铝靶上,观测激光诱导的铝等离子体发射光谱.采用不同的激光能量,分析了波长范围为350 nm到400 nm的空间、时间分辨发射光谱.在局部热力学平衡(LTE)条件近似下,根据谱线的相对强度,计算得到等离子体电子温度,给出了靶面附近电子温度的空间、时间演化规律;根据谱线半宽,计算等离子体电子密度,并给出了靶面附近电子密度的空间与时间演化规律;在靶面正前方处放置动能探测器,记录粒子飞行时间信号,观测不同激光强度烧蚀铝靶产生等离子体中三种粒子到达探测器的时间,计算得出等离子体中三种观测到的粒子喷射速度.     

激光锗等离子体电子密度诊断

本工作测量了激光加热锗等离子体XUV光谱,对所测得的Ge ⅩⅫ谱线进行了辨认和分类。通过对各谱线的考察,找出了对电严密度敏感,对电子温度不敏感,波长在20nm左右的类钠离子3p—3d及3s—3p跃迁线,收集和计算了所需参数,给出谱线强度比随电子密度变化曲线,根据谱线强度比推导了锗等离子体的电子密度,并与理论计算结果进行了比较,二者符合较好。     

作为X激光增益介质的激光等离子体特性

本文报道利用具有空间分辨能力的透射光栅谱仪对以三体复合泵浦实现锂离子(Si~(11+)X光自发辐射放大的增益介质——硅激光等离子体特性的研究。结果表明,等离子体5～100A范围软X线辐射主要来自类氦离子(Si~(12+))到(S~(11+))复合辐射和Si~(11+)(n=3→n=2)跃迁发射的贡献,且它们辐射的最大强度距靶面130μm,对应的电子密度3×10~(20)cm~(-3)与Si~(11+)+1s~23d能级的粒子数相对丰度比36;实验中还观察到Si~(11+)(1s~23d-1s~22p)跃迁发射存在着明显的自吸收现象。     

空气中YAG激光诱导Cu等离子体空间特性的研究

在空气中利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光诱导金属Cu靶,产生激光等离子体羽,并获得等离子体羽的空间谱;研究了空间谱线结构;分析了不同空间位置处电子温度和电子密度的空间演化规律;并对等离子体光谱的特性和产生机制进行了讨论.结果表明:谱线结构、谱线强度和等离子体的电子温度及电子密度都与空间位置变化密切相关,特征谱强度最大值出现在距靶面0.75～1.0mm的空间位置处,此处CuⅠ谱线相对强度最强,在1.25mm空间位置处的电子温度比周边的电子温度偏低,但此处电子密度反而升高,这种现象可以由级联效应得到解释.     

空气中YAG激光诱导Cu等离子体空间特性的研究

在空气中利用Nd: YAG脉冲激光诱导金属Cu靶,产生激光等离子体羽,并获得等离子体羽的空间谱;研究了空间谱线结构;分析了不同空间位置处电子温度和电子密度的空间演化规律;并对等离子体光谱的特性和产生机制进行了讨论. 结果表明：谱线结构、谱线强度和等离子体的电子温度及电子密度都与空间位置变化密切相关,特征谱强度最大值出现在距靶面0.75-1.0mm的空间位置处,此处CuⅠ谱线相对强度最强,在1.25 mm空间位置处电子温度比周边的电子温度偏低,但此处电子密度反而升高,这种现象可以由级联效应得到解释。     

利用类铜离子谱线诊断银等离子体电子密度

测量了激光加热块状银靶产生的等离子体XUV光谱.计算了T_e分别为65eV,86eV和130eV时,AgXIX4s-4P,4P-4d,4d-4f7条谱线在不同电子密度时的强度.根据AgXIX4d~2D_(s/2~-)4f~2F_(r/2)和4P~2P_(3/2)-4d~2D_(s/2)两条谱线的强度比,推导了激光银等离子体电子密度.当入射激光功率密度W为6×10~(12)W/cm~2时,银等离子体电子密度N_e=1×10~(20)/cm~3. 关键词：     

利用H_β线的Stark加宽计算激光诱导Cu等离子体的电子密度

在潮湿空气中,用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06 μm激光烧蚀金属Cu靶产生等离子体,并观测了其空间分辨的发射光谱.依据光谱线波长、相对强度等参数估算了沿靶面法线不同位置等离子体的电子温度.在此基础上,由H_β线的Stark加宽、分别用三种方法计算得到等离子体的电子密度.讨论了电子温度和电子密度沿靶面法线的空间分布特征.结果分析表明:利用环境气体的谱线测量复杂元素等离子体电子密度的方法是可行的.在距离靶面1.0 mm的空间位置附近电子温度骤然降低、电子密度具有最大值的现象可以从激光诱导等离子体产生机制的角度得到定性解释.     

脉冲Nd∶YAG激光诱导钼等离子体UTA辐射特性研究

利用Nd∶YAG激光作用于真空腔内的高纯固体钼(Mo)靶产生等离子体,并测量了不同脉冲激光功率密度下Mo等离子体在2～9 nm范围内的时间积分光谱。基于碰撞辐射平衡模型(CRM)和Cowan程序计算得到不可分辨跃迁峰(UTA)原子光谱数据,并假设谱线展宽为高斯线形,获得了在不同电子温度和电子密度下的理论模拟光谱,模拟光谱与实验光谱吻合的较好。实验与理论研究光谱表明：Mo ⅩⅥ-Mo ⅩⅫ离子的3d-4f不可分辨跃迁峰位于水窗波段,通过控制脉冲激光参数和采用合适的等离子体约束条件,获得水窗辐射波段Mo离子的高丰度布居,有望将激光Mo等离子用于单脉冲活体细胞显微成像水窗光源。     

准分子激光轰击Y-Ba-Cu-O高温超导靶的空间分辨光谱研究

采用WP4-光学多道分析仪对准分子激光轰击Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_x超导靶产生的等离子体辐射进行了空间分辨测量和研究。实验结果表明,在靶面的邻近区(d<0.4mm),等离子体辐射为较强的连续谱,并迭加有Y、Ba原子和Y~+、Ba~+离子基态电子跃迁的自吸收线。Y、Ba、Cu原子和相应的一价离子以及金属氧化物分子激发态的发射谱线仅在距靶面为0.4mm以外的区域出现。光谱的测量结果支持靶面表层发生爆炸、出射分子簇团和固体微粒的激光烧蚀沉积动力学机制解释。     

Spectroscopic diagnostics of carbon and aluminum laser-produced plasmas

VUV emission spectra of plasmas produced by focusing laser radiation with intensity of 10¹⁰–10¹¹ W/cm² on carbon and aluminum targets were studied. Using the partial local thermodynamic equilibrium model for an electron density exceeding 10¹⁷ cm^?3, the spectroscopic diagnostics and the analysis of ion composition of plasmas were carried out. The electron temperatures determined for carbon and aluminum plasmas from the ratio of intensities of ionic lines were found to be 8±3 eV and 11±4 eV, respectively. Stark broadening of aluminum lines was measured and parameters of electron broadening were determined. Using the spatially resolved measurement of Stark line broadening, the spatial density distribution and the law of electron gas expansion were found. The electron gas in the hot region of size 5 mm with an average density of (5±2) 10₁₇cm ^?3 experienced one-dimensional expansion according to the law 1/z ^1.1 with increasing distance z from the target.     

Assignment of pre‐edge peaks in K‐edge x‐ray absorption spectra of 3d transition metal compounds: electric dipole or quadrupole?

The characteristics of pre‐edge peaks in K‐edge x‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of 3d transition metals were reviewed from viewpoints of the selection rule, coordination number, number of d‐electrons, and symmetry of the coordination sphere. The contribution of the electric dipole and quadrupole transition to the peaks was discussed on the basis of the group theory, polarized spectra, and theoretical calculations. The pre‐edge peak intensity for T_d symmetry is larger than those for O_h symmetry for all 3d elements. The intense pre‐edge peak for tetrahedral species of 3d transition metals is not due to 1s–3d transition, but transition to the p component in d–p hybridized orbital. The mixing of metal 4p orbitals with the 3d orbitals depends strongly on the coordination symmetry, and the possibility is predictable by group theory. The transition of 1s electron to d orbitals is electric quadrupole component in any of the symmetries. The d–p hybridization does not occur with regular octahedral symmetry, and the weak pre‐edge peak consists of 1s–3d electric quadrupole transition. The pre‐edge peak intensity for a compound with a tetrahedral center changes as a function of the number of 3d electrons regardless of the kind of element; it is maximized at d⁰ and gradually decreases to zero at d¹⁰. The features of pre‐edge peaks in K‐edge XANES spectra for 4d elements and the L₁‐edge for 5d elements are analogous with those for 3d elements, but the pre‐edge peak is broadened due to the wide natural width of the core level. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Open charm yields in d+Au collisions at squareroot[sNN]=200 GeV

Midrapidity open charm spectra from direct reconstruction of D0(D0)-->K-/+pi+/- in d+Au collisions and indirect electron-positron measurements via charm semileptonic decays in p+p and d+Au collisions at squareroot[sNN]=200 GeV are reported. The D0(D0) spectrum covers a transverse momentum (pT) range of 0.1相似文献   

Generation and characterization of a bright X-ray source using picosecond laser

High-resolution soft X-ray spectra of H-like and He-like ions were produced from laser irradiated silicon and aluminum targets. Plasma size was about 100 μm. X-ray spectra were analyzed to determine plasma parameters. We compared the line shape of resonance transitions and their intensity ratios to corresponding dielectronic satellites and the intensities of the inter combination lines of He-like ions, with the results of model calculations. Such comparison gave average values of the electron density N _e=(1?1.9)×10²¹ cm^?3 and the electron temperature T _e=460–560 eV for Si plasmas and about 560 eV for Al plasmas produced by the first and the second laser harmonics. According to our estimations, more than 10¹² photons were produced within the resonance line spectral width and in the solid angle 2π steredian during the total decay period.     

Al激光等离子体电子温度的时间分辨诊断

 将门控分幅相机与平面晶体谱仪耦合，构成时间分辨光谱测量系统，对Al激光等离子体的K壳层发射谱进行测量，获得了相对入射激光延迟约1ns，积累时间约200ps的光谱信号。利用稳态碰撞-辐射平衡（CRE）近似条件下的等离子体光谱辐射动力学模型，给出了Al激光等离子体Ly-β线与He-β线强度比以及Ly-γ线与He-γ线强度比与电子温度的函数关系。在此基础上，根据实验谱线强度比，得到激光强度为2.319×10¹⁴，1.937×10¹⁴和3.946×10¹⁴ W/cm²时，等离子体冕区电子温度分别为1.190(1±27%)，1.165(1±27%)和1.525(1±27%)keV。     

Vacuum heating evaluation for plasmas of exponentially decreasing density profile

Ultra-short pulse lasers have opened a regime of laser-plasma interaction where plasmas have scale lengths shorter than the laser wavelength and allow the possibility of generating near-solid density plasmas. The interaction of high-intensity laser beams with sharply bounded high-density and small scale length plasmas is considered. Absorption of the laser energy associated with the mechanism of dragging electrons out of the plasma into the vacuum and sending them back into the plasma with the electric field component along the density gradient, so called vacuum heating, is studied. An exponentially decreasing electron density profile is assumed. The vector potential of the electromagnetic field propagating through the plasma is calculated and the behaviour of the electric and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field is studied. The fraction of laser power absorbed in this process is calculated and plotted versus the laser beam incidence angle, illumination energy, and the plasma scale length.     

极化X光谱诊断铝激光等离子体的电子密度

为了准确诊断激光等离子体的电子密度,提出了一种基于极化光谱的类氦共振线与互组合线相对强度比诊断电子密度的方法.该法考虑了激光等离子体发射的X射线存在极化的特性,用极化光谱理论对测量的类氦共振线和互组合线光谱相对强度比进行精密校正,再推导等离子体的电子密度.在2×10 J激光装置上进行了实验,使用极化PET（002）晶体谱仪测量了Al类氦离子光谱,利用光谱的极化特性推出Al等离子体的电子密度约为1.5×1020 cm－3.结果表明极化X光谱推导等离子体电子密度方法适合激光高温高密等离子体诊断.     

Shape of ion energy spectra in ultra-short and intense laser–matter interaction

Structured proton spectra and a two-temperature electron distribution were simulated using a 1D3V particle-in-cell code for a plasma created by 35-fs laser pulses with an intensity of I10¹⁹ W/cm². Such a two-temperature electron distribution was used as a prerequisite for a fluid dynamical model allowing us to describe the experimentally measured deep dips in the proton energy spectra of laser-produced plasmas from water-droplet targets. PACS 52.50.Jm; 52.38.Kd; 41.75.Jv     

激光等离子体软X射线辐射能谱时间分辨测量研究

利用(国内最近研制成功的)带聚酰亚胺膜底衬的金透射光栅与软X射线条纹相机相配合,(在LF11~#激光装置上)使用波长为0.53μm的激光打靶,测量了平面Au靶软X射线时间分辨能谱。测量结果观察到了金等离子体的O带辐射强度随时间增加的现象。文章计算了光栅的衍射效率,并讨论了影响测量谱的几个关键因素。