火焰原子吸收法间接测定钢中硼和磷

提出了溶剂萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定钢中硼和磷的分析方法.在弱酸性介质中硼酸、苯羟乙酸、铁(Ⅱ)以及邻二氮菲能形成稳定的多元离子缔合物,被1,2-二氯乙烷萃取后再用去离子水反萃取,然后测定水相化合物中的铁;在盐酸介质中,磷酸根与钼酸铵形成磷钼杂多酸,被甲基异丁基甲酮萃取后,测定有机相磷钼杂多酸中的钼.并可分别间接测定硼和磷.在优化的反应条件下,硼和磷的质量浓度分别在0.12～3.24及0.04～1.00mg/L范周内时,吸光度与质量浓度之间具有良好的线性关系,硼和磷的检出限分别为0.036和0.015mg/L.以8份样品空白进行测定,得硼和磷的标准偏差分别为1.2%和0.5%.方法用于钢样中微量硼和磷的测定,拓展了原子吸收分光光度计的应用范围.     

溶剂萃取-火焰原子吸收法测定自来水中微量钴

以硫氰酸根离子为配位阴离子,甲基异丙酮为萃取剂萃取自来水中微量钴,将有机相加热蒸发萃取剂后,置于550℃高温炉中干法灰化,灰化后,加盐酸微热使残渣溶解,然后用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钴。该法提高了灵敏度,回收率为95.0%~102.5%,相对标准偏差为1.58%~4.92%,检出限为0.014 mg/L。     

镁及镁合金中微量磷的测定方法研究

磷与钼酸铵形成磷钼杂多酸络幌物,用乙酸丁酯萃取分离,用SnCl2还原反萃取后借磷钼蓝光度法测定镁及镁合金中微量磷。在波长700 nm处工作曲线线性范围0~1.5μg/mL,相关系数为0.9995,络合物表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.45×104L.mol-1.cm-1,相对标准偏差在1.40%~3.10%之间,加标回收率在99.3%~101.0%之间,本法与ICP法相对照结果比较满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定高纯铋锭中痕量铜、银、锌

建立了用火焰原子吸收光谱法在同一体系中连续测定铋锭中的铜、银、锌的方法。试样用硝酸溶解,在稀盐酸介质中,分别于原子吸收光谱仪波长324.7,328.1,213.8nm处,使用空气-乙炔火焰连续测定铜、银、锌的含量。在最佳实验条件下,铜的质量浓度在0.20~0.80mg/L范围内与吸光度线性关系良好,加标回收率为94.5%~101.8%。银的质量浓度在0.5~2.0mg/L范围内与吸光度成线性关系,加标回收率为97.3%~102.6%。锌的质量浓度在0.10~0.40mg/L范围内与吸光度成线性关系,加标回收率为96%~106.3%。火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铋锭中的铜、银、锌,相对标准偏差(n=11)均小于8.0%,测定结果与理论值基本一致。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定冰晶石中的铁

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定冰晶石中铁的分析方法。样品用高氯酸溶解后,在0.48mol/L的盐酸介质中用空气-乙炔火焰测定了样品中的铁,测定结果与有色金属行业标准方法(邻二氮杂菲光度法)的分析结果一致。检出限为0.004 11mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.95%~4.5%,加标回收率为98.00%~101.49%。     

流动注射光度法测定废水中的磷酸盐

在H2SO4介质中,磷酸盐与钼酸铵形成磷钼杂多酸,磷钼杂多酸被还原剂抗坏血酸还原成磷钼蓝,据此建立了流动注射直接测定污废水中磷酸盐的快速方法。在优化的试验条件下,当磷酸盐质量浓度在0.1~1.5 mg/L时,浓度与峰高呈良好的线性关系;检出限为0.05 mg/L;重复测量相对标准偏差为2.2%(0.5 mg/L磷酸盐,n=11)。利用本法测定污水厂排出水中的磷酸盐,回收率在97.0%~102.5%之间。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定天然气转化催化剂中的氧化钾

建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定天然气转化催化剂中氧化钾的分析方法。该方法将催化剂样品和助溶剂四硼酸锂熔融后再用盐酸溶解定容,采用火焰原子吸收光谱仪对样品溶液进行测定。在优化的实验条件下,钾离子的质量浓度在0.05~0.50 mg/L范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9995。钾的方法检出限为0.001 mg/L,定量限为0.01 mg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.6%~4.3%(n=6),样品加标回收率为97.8%~102.3%。与HG/T 3543-2014中的酸溶制样法相比,该方法能够将催化剂样品中的难溶钾盐溶出,分析结果准确度更高,可用于天然气转化催化剂中氧化钾含量的测定。     

原子吸收法间接测定微量锆

间接原子吸收光谱法的研究受到人们的普遍重视,主要有利用杂多酸的“化学放大”效应间接测定磷、砷、锗;沉淀反应间接测定氯离子、硫酸根,化学干扰效应间接测定钛、铝及络合效应间接测定钒、硼、硝酸根等,但在间接测锆方面未见报道,本文用Mg-8-羟基喹啉(MgL_2)沉淀锆置换出定量的镁,通过测镁间接测锆,建立了空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定锆的新体系,方法的特征浓度为0.018mg/L/1%,较氧化亚氮乙炔火焰(10mg/L/1%)提高500倍,该方法灵敏、快速、体系稳定,经萃取分离除去干扰元素,用于实际样品中氧化锆的测定,结果满意.2 实验部分     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量铜的研究

提出了浊点萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铜的新方法。详细探讨了溶液pH，试剂浓度等实验条件对浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的影响，在最佳下，富集50mL样品溶液，用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定，铜的检测限为0.35μg/L，铜的富集倍率为71倍。方法用于自来水、河水及海水中痕量铜的测定。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定消食类中草药中的铅

建立了浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定4种消食类中草药中Pb含量的方法。以双硫腙为络合剂、非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)为萃取剂,采用浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法联用,测定4种消食类中草药中Pb的含量,探讨溶液p H、表面活性剂用量、络合剂用量、平衡温度、平衡时间、干扰离子等条件对浊点萃取率的影响。最佳条件下,富集倍数为21倍,方法的检出限为0.16μg/L,校准曲线相关系数为0.9995;RSD≤1.7%(n=11),回收率在96.5%~98.1%之间。方法已用于4种消食类中草药中Pb的测定。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法直接测定水中微量铜、铅、锌、镉

将水样浓缩10倍处理,用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法直接测定水中微量铜、铅、锌、镉元素的含量,在0～1.00 mg/L范围内,被测元素浓度与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数不小于0.9990.最低检出限分别为0.001、0.01、0.0008、0.0005 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为1.16%、1.22%、1.15%、1.16%.该方法对标准样品的测试结果与国家标准方法基本一致,相对偏差均不大于7.0%.     

Optimization of a new resin, Amberlyst 36, as a solid-phase extractor and determination of copper(II) in drinking water and tea samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A new simple and reliable method has been developed to separate and preconcentrate trace copper ion in drinking water and tea samples for subsequent measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The copper ions are adsorbed quantitatively during passage of aqueous solutions through Amberlyst 36 cation exchange resin. After the separation and preconcentration stage, the analyte was eluted with a potassium cyanide solution and determined by FAAS. Different factors including pH of sample solution, sample volume, amount of resin, flow rate of aqueous solution, volume and concentration of eluent, and matrix effects for preconcentration were examined. The analytical figures of merit for the determination of copper are as follows: analytical detection limit (3 sigma), 0.26 microg/L; precision (RSD), 3.1% for 100 microg/L; enrichment factor, 200 (using 1000 mL of sample solution and 5 mL of eluent); time of analysis, 3.5 h (for obtaining enrichment factor of 200); capacity of resin, 125 mg/g. The method was applied for copper determination by FAAS in tap water, commercial natural spring water, commercial treated drinking water, and commercial tea bag sample. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by analyzing tea leaves (GBW 07605). The results demonstrated good agreement with the certified values.     

离子印迹壳聚糖/凹土分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱测定中药材中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)的研究

建立了离子印迹壳聚糖/凹凸棒石(IICA)分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定中药材中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)的新方法。在动态吸附条件下,系统研究了溶液pH值、流速、洗脱条件和干扰离子对痕量Cd(Ⅱ)分离富集的影响。研究表明,在pH为4.5,上样流速为0.60mL/min条件下,Cd(Ⅱ)能被IICA定量富集;吸附的Cd(Ⅱ)可用1.0mol/L HCl-0.1mol/L甲基异丁酮的乙醇溶液,在流速为0.96mL/min条件下完全洗脱。优化条件下,IICA对Cd(Ⅱ)的动态吸附容量为56.45mg/g。线性范围为0.00097～1.28mg/L,r=0.9994,检出限(3σ,n=11)为0.97μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.32%(n=6,c=0.08mg/L),回收率在96.5%～106.4%之间。该方法操作简便,灵敏度和精密度高,可应用于实际中药材样品中痕量镉的测定。     

键合4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚螯合树脂分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定蔬菜中痕量镉(Ⅱ)

本文合成了Amberlite XAD-4键合4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚螯合树脂,并考察了其对痕量镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。探讨了溶液pH、洗脱剂和干扰离子等对镉(Ⅱ)分离富集的影响。树脂吸附容量为4.7mg/g,吸附的镉(Ⅱ)用5mL 2mol/L HNO3乙醇溶液洗脱,火焰原子吸收法测定。在最佳实验条件下,回收率为94.4%～97.9%,相对标准偏差在1.7%～2.7%之间。方法可用于蔬菜中镉(Ⅱ)的测定。     

Determination of phosphorus in waste water by EDXRF

Summary In a method developed for the determination of phosphorus in aqueous solutions, phosphorus was changed to the phosphate form, coprecipitated with hydrated iron(III) oxide, bound with activated charcoal and measured by EDXRF. The detection limit was 0.89 mg P/g activated charcoal. The method was used to determine the total phosphorus content of a waste water sample from a paper mill. Investigation of two sample destruction methods, dry ashing/HCl digestion and persulphate oxidation, showed the former to be more suitable for our purpose.     

双通道在线连续流动分析法同时测定环境水样中总磷和磷酸盐

准确测定环境水样中的总磷和磷酸盐含量,对于评价水体的环境污染程度和富营养化程度具有非常重要的意义。本文在对比已有国标分析方法的基础上,建立了连续流动分析法同时测定环境水样中总磷和磷酸盐的分析方法。样品和总磷、磷酸盐的试剂分别通过自动进样器和蠕动泵在线载入各自管路,再进入各自的化学分析模块进行化学反应,之后进入各自的比色计在波长为660nm条件下完成检测,全程在线自动分析,因此,可以实现一次进样就可以同时测定样品中总磷和磷酸盐含量,大大提高了分析效率。对消解试剂及浓度、加热温度、泵速等条件进行了最佳优化,保证了样品能消解完全且反应充分。将采集后的样品酸化处理后在10天内进行分析测定,避免了时间过长后水样变质对结果的影响。以空白介质溶液配制校准系列,使得校准系列与试样基体匹配,消除了基体效应干扰影响。结果表明：在最佳的实验条件下,校准曲线的线性相关性较好;总磷和磷酸盐测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.05%～2.64%,精密度较好;总磷和磷酸盐方法检出限分别为0.010mg/L和0.022mg/L;经国家水样标准物质验证,方法相对误差(RE)均在±5%以内,测定值与标准值相吻合,方法准确度较好;应用本文方法对实际样品进行分析,并与传统国标方法进行比对,测定值的相对偏差(RD)均小于5%,更进一步验证了该分析方法准确可靠,能够满足大批量环境水样中总磷和磷酸盐的分析要求。     

Determination of trace phosphorus in high purity tantalum materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry subsequent to matrix separation with on-line anion exchange/coprecipitation

An on-line matrix separation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method is proposed for the determination of trace amounts of phosphorus in high purity tantalum metal, tantalum (V) oxide, and tantalum pentaethoxide. In the present method, the matrix tantalum in the sample solution was adsorbed on the anion exchange resin, and phosphorus (phosphate ion) was eluted with the carrier solution of HF and HNO3 mixture. Then, the effluent solution was subsequently mixed with bismuth solution and aqueous ammonia solution to coprecipitate phosphate together with bismuth hydroxide. The precipitate formed was collected on the in-line membrane filter to wash out nitric acid with pure water, and then dissolved with hydrochloric acid. The obtained phosphorus sample solution was introduced directly into the nebulizer of ICP-MS for the determination of phosphorus. Phosphorus was determined at the molecular ion signal of 31P16O+ (m/z 47). The detection limit (3sigma) of phosphorus in the present method was 1.3 ng mL(-1) as the sample solution basis, and the relative standard deviation for 30 ng mL(-1) of phosphorus in the standard solution was 4.3% in the replicate measurements (n=11). The present method was applied to the analysis of high purity tantalum materials. The concentrations of phosphorus in tantalum samples were in fairly good agreement with those obtained by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS).     

Separation and preconcentration of trace manganese from various samples with Amberlyst 36 column and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

This work assesses the potential of a new adsorptive material, Amberlyst 36, for the separation and preconcentration of trace manganese(II) from various media. It is based on the sorption of manganese(II) ions onto a column filled with Amberlyst 36 cation exchange resin, followed by the elution with 5 mL of 3 mol/L nitric acid and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) without interference of the matrix. Different factors including pH of sample solution, sample volume, amount of resin, flow rate of sample solution, volume and concentration of eluent, and matrix effects for preconcentration were investigated. Good relative standard deviation (3%) and high recovery (>95%) at 100 μg/L and high enrichment factor (200) and low analytical detection limit (0.245 μg/L) were obtained. The adsorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 88 mg/g of manganese on the resin. The method was applied for the manganese determination by FAAS in tap water, commercial natural drinking water, commercial treated drinking water and commercial tea bag sample. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by analyzing the certified reference material (tea leaves GBW 07605). The results demonstrated good agreement with the certified values.     

微量进样火焰原子吸收光谱法对牛奶中钙的直接测定

采用微量进样火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）直接测定牛奶中的钙,无需样品预处理。该法与消化后常规FAAS法的测定结果一致。钙质量浓度在0～20 mg/L范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,检出限（S/N=3）为0.013 mg/L,加标回收率为98%～101%,相对标准偏差（n=6）小于2%。方法应用于实际样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

碱熔样电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锑矿石中锑

建立了碱熔样电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锑矿中总锑的方法。探讨了熔样时间、熔样温度、溶解液酸度及组成对测定结果的影响。以过氧化钠作为熔剂,于650℃熔样15 min,加入1.0 g/L酒石酸调节样品溶液的酸度以防止水解,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锑的含量,方法线性范围为0.00~50.0 mg/L,检出限为50.0μg/g,8个样品独立测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于5%(n=11),标准样品测定结果与标准值基本吻合。该方法适用于锑矿中总锑的含量测定。