枸杞叶中甜菜碱的提取

用正交试验比较固液比、浸提时间、浸提温度、超声时间对甜菜碱提取率的影响,选取的因素中,对柴达木枸杞叶甜菜碱提取率影响程度依次为：超声时间〉固液比〉浸提时间〉浸提温度。最佳提取工艺是固液比（g/mL）为1∶60,60℃,浸提4h,超声10m in。     

加拿大一枝黄花总酚超声提取工艺

利用超声提取的方法,通过单因素和正交实验分析了溶液浓度、超声时间、料液比、提取次数4个主要因素对总酚提取率的影响。确立了加拿大一枝黄花总酚的最佳提取工艺条件为:60%甲醇、超声50min、料液比1∶20、提取3次。在此条件下,总酚的提取率为44.61mg/g。     

微波辅助提取甘草中甘草苷的工艺研究

以乙醇溶液为溶剂微波辅助提取甘草中甘草苷,紫外可见分光光度法测定甘草苷的含量。以甘草苷的提取率为评价指标,考察微波辐射时间、料液比、乙醇浓度、微波功率等因素,利用正交设计实验,筛选最佳工艺条件。结果表明最佳工艺条件为：微波辐射时间40min、料液比为1∶12（g∶mL）、乙醇浓度为40%、微波功率640W。与传统回流提取方法相比,微波辅助提取快速,甘草苷的提取率较高。     

响应面分析法优化玉竹多糖提取工艺

在提取时间、料液比、提取温度3个单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法优选玉竹中多糖的提取条件.利用Box-Benhnken设计模型,研究3个变量对玉竹多糖提取率的影响.结果表明：最佳提取工艺为：提取时间72min,料液比1∶7.5g·mL^-1,提取温度81.6℃,在此条件下,玉竹中多糖的提取率可达10.82％,理论预测值为10.89％,相对误差为-0.64％.说明采用响应面分析法优化玉竹多糖的工艺条件准确、可靠.     

超声-硝酸联合法提取褐煤腐植酸工艺

实验考察了超声、硝酸预处理、酸化程度、碱液浓度、反应温度、液固比、反应时间等对腐植酸提取率的影响,并通过正交设计选择最佳预氧化条件和褐煤腐植酸的最佳提取条件.结果表明;超声硝酸联合氧化法提取腐植酸的最佳条件为：超声频率80kHz,氧化温度50℃,硝酸液固比（mL/g）为5∶1,氧化时间90min,硝酸浓度1.5mol/L.     

植物油中苯并芘的提取工艺

采用正交试验比较提取溶剂、料液比、提取温度、超声时间对植物油中苯并芘提取率的影响.结果对植物油中苯并芘提取率的影响程度依次为:提取溶剂＞料液比＞超声时间＞提取温度.最佳提取工艺为:提取溶剂为乙腈,料液比为1∶125,提取温度为50℃,超声时间为2.5h.     

响应曲面法提取水松总黄酮的工艺研究

采用响应曲面法,优化了提取水松总黄酮的提取工艺条件为:微波时间3.8min,乙醇浓度69%,固液比1∶31,在此条件下,水松总黄酮的产率为1.88%。     

竹节参中总皂苷提取工艺的正交试验

采用溶剂浸提法考察乙醇浓度、水浴温度、提取时间、料液比等单因素对竹节参中总皂苷提取率的影响.然后运用正交分析法确定最佳提取条件为:乙醇的浓度为60％,提取时间为4.0h,温度为80℃,料液比为1∶30(g/mL).并通过实验确定在此条件下总皂苷提取率达到了10.04％.     

超声波法提取石榴皮多酚的最佳工艺

以石榴皮为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法对石榴皮多酚的提取工艺进行了研究.通过对提取溶剂的筛选,确定乙醇为提取溶剂,考察液固比、超声处理功率、超声处理温度和处理时间等因素对石榴皮多酚得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,进行L9(34)正交试验.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率为180W,提取温度为70℃,液固比为15∶1(mg/mL),提取时间为40min,在此条件下石榴皮多酚得率为12.71％.     

云木香总生物碱提取工艺的优化

探讨云木香总生物碱最佳提取纯化工艺的影响因素,确定其最佳提取方案,为进一步分离提纯以及生产开发奠定基础.采用正交设计安排试验,以总生物碱含量作为评价指标,考察乙醇浓度、固液比、超声时间、提取次数对其影响.最佳工艺条件为14倍量的70％乙醇超声提取两次,每次75min,该结果在验证实验中得到验证.在研究得出的最佳提取工艺条件下提取云木香总生物碱简便、稳定、可行.     

Ultrasound induced green solvent extraction of oil from oleaginous seeds

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of rapeseed oil was investigated and compared with conventional extraction for energy efficiency, throughput time, extraction yield, cleanness, processing cost and product quality. A multivariate study enabled us to define optimal parameters (7.7 W/cm² for ultrasonic power intensity, 40 °C for processing temperature, and a solid/liquid ratio of 1/15) for ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from oilseeds to maximize lipid yield while reducing solvent consumption and extraction time using response surface methodology (RSM) with a three-variable central composite design (CCD). A significant difference in oil quality was noted under the conditions of the initial ultrasound extraction, which was later avoided using ultrasound in the absence of oxygen. Three concepts of multistage cross-current extraction were investigated and compared: conventional multistage maceration, ultrasound-assisted maceration and a combination, to assess the positive impact of using ultrasound on the seed oil extraction process. The study concludes that ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil is likely to reduce both economic and ecological impacts of the process in the fat and oil industry.     

Discussion of parameters associated with the ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction for elemental analysis (total content) by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. An overview

Ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction (USLE) of trace metals from biological and environmental samples and its subsequent quantification by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) is nowadays an emerging methodology in the analytical laboratory. However, this methodology is far from maturity as can be readily demonstrated from the controversial data reported by different workers. In the light of our own experience and a survey of published data, a general approach for USLE-ET-AAS is discussed, taking into account the different variables which affect ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction, namely, the ultrasonic device chosen for ultrasonic extraction (e.g. ultrasonic bath or ultrasonic probe), particle size, acid concentration, sonication time and sonication amplitude, sample mass and analyte-matrix binding.     

Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of abalone viscera protein and its effect on the iron-chelating activity

This study aims to investigate effects of ultrasound assisted extraction on the abalone viscera protein extraction rate and iron-chelating activity of peptides. The optimal conditions for ultrasound assisted extraction by response surface methodology was at sodium hydroxide concentration 14 g/kg, ultrasonic power 428 W and extraction time 52 min. Under the optimal conditions, protein extraction rate was 64.89%, compared with alkaline extraction of 55.67%. The iron-chelating activity of peptides affected by ultrasound technology was further evaluated by iron-chelating rate, FTIR spectroscopy and LC-HRMS/MS. Alcalase was the suitable enzyme for the preparation of iron-chelating peptides from two abalone viscera proteins, showing no significant difference between their iron-chelating rate of 16.24% (ultrasound assisted extraction) and 16.60% (alkaline extraction). Iron binding sites from the two hydrolysates include amino and carboxylate terminal groups and peptide bond of the peptide backbone as well as amino, imine and carboxylate from side chain groups. Moreover, 24 iron-chelating peptides were identified from hydrolysate (alcalase, ultrasound assisted extraction), which were different from the 27 iron-chelating peptides from hydrolysate (alcalase, alkaline extraction). This study suggests the application of ultrasound technology in the generation of abalone viscera-derived iron-chelating peptides which have the ability to combat iron deficiency.     

超声波法提取苦丁茶总黄酮含量的工艺

采用超声波提取法,通过单因素实验和正交试验优选出苦丁茶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.苦丁茶总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比(g/mL)1:30,乙醇浓度70%,超声功率80W,提取时间20min.在此条件下,苦丁茶中的总黄酮含量为21.151mg/g,RSD=0.85%(n=3).     

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil

The effectiveness of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) was evaluated using a variety of solvents. Petroleum ether was the most effective for oil extraction, followed by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, and isopropanol. Several variables, such as ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, extraction time, and the ratio of solvent volume and seed weight (S/S ratio) were studied for optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). The highest oil yield, 25.11% (w/w), was obtained using petroleum ether under optimal conditions for ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, extraction time, and S/S ratio at 140 W, 40 °C, 36 min, and 10 ml/g, respectively. The PSO yield extracted by UAE was significantly higher than by using Soxhlet extraction (SE; 20.50%) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE; 15.72%). The fatty acid compositions were significantly different among the PSO extracted by Soxhlet extraction, SFE, and UAE, with punicic acid (>65%) being the most dominant using UAE.     

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of flavonoids compounds (FC) from hawthorn seed (HS)

Hawthorn seed (HS), an important by-product of the Hawthorn industry, is rich in potentially health-promoting flavonoids compounds. In this paper, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of FC from HS was investigated. Important variables and their levels were obtained using Plackett-Burman (PB) design and Box-Behnken (BB) design. A mathematical model was developed to show the effects of each variable and their combinatorial interactions on extraction yield of FC. A high coefficient of determination (R² = 91.26%) indicated good agreement between the experimental and predicted values of FC yield. The optimum levels of these significant parameters were determined using response surface methodology (RSM), which revealed these as follows: ultrasound temperature 65 °C, ultrasonic time 37 min, extraction temperature 91 °C, extraction time 1.5 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:18, and 72% ethanol. Under the optimum condition, the UAE rate of FC was up to 91.7%, and the yield of FC was 16.45 ± 0.02 mg/g (P < 0.05) that was 1.32-fold the yield of conventional reflux extraction (CRE).     

Quantification of surface area and intrinsic mass transfer coefficient for ultrasound-assisted dissolution process of a sparingly soluble solid dispersed in aqueous solutions

The efficacy of power ultrasound of 20 kHz in enhancing the volumetric mass transfer coefficient was investigated in this study. Breakage and dissolution of sparingly soluble benzoic acid dispersed in either water or 24% aqueous glycerol was monitored as a function of time and ultrasound power input. Particle size measurements were carried out at intermediate times during the experiment to estimate the mean particle size and surface area. Linear combination of lognormal distributions was found to fit the experimental particle size distribution data. The De Brouckere mean diameters (d₄₃) obtained from the particle size distributions decreased with increase in the ultrasonic power level. Empirical correlations were developed for the evolution of surface area as a function of ultrasonic energy input per unit mass. The effect of ultrasound on the intrinsic mass transfer coefficient (k_c) could be decoupled from the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_ca) as the surface area was also estimated. Different approaches involving either constant or variable intrinsic mass transfer coefficients were employed when carrying out the delineation. Mass transfer rates were enhanced due to both higher ultrasound induced intrinsic convective mass transfer coefficient and additional surface area created from particle breakage. To delineate the effects of particle breakage from solid dissolution, experiments were also carried out under non-mass transfer conditions by pre-saturating the solvents with benzoic acid. Both the solid-liquid systems examined in the present study attained saturation concentration when the ultrasonic energy input per unit mass was approximately 60 kJ/kg, irrespective of the ultrasonic power level setting.