火场条件下相邻汽油罐油蒸汽泄漏及爆炸规律

油库发生火灾时,临近的油罐内汽油受热形成油蒸汽从呼吸阀泄出,泄漏的油蒸汽与空气混合易点燃,易引起燃烧爆炸事故。本文中以容积为5 000 m^3(22 m×13 m)的汽油罐泄漏油蒸汽为研究对象,以数值模拟为研究方法,研究了汽油蒸汽泄漏及爆炸规律。研究发现:在距地面高1 m的平面上,当无风且呼吸阀泄漏油蒸汽速率为0.25 m/s时,距该罐中心50 m以外就可视作安全区域;当呼吸阀泄漏的油蒸汽速率为0.25 m/s时,风速达到5.0 m/s及以上,不易积聚成爆炸油蒸汽;当无风时,呼吸阀泄漏油蒸汽的速率增大1个量级,油蒸汽积聚达到爆炸下限1/2所需时间缩短2个量级;当风速为3.0 m/s、呼吸阀泄漏油蒸汽速率为0.25 m/s、泄漏时间为200 s、着火点距罐壁1 m时,距点火源距离增大1个量级,超压峰值下降1~2个量级。     

Shear-layer acoustic radiation in an excited subsonic jet: experimental study

The subharmonic acoustic radiation of a tone excited subsonic jet shear-layer has been investigated experimentally. Two jet velocities $U_j=20\text{m}?{\text{s}}^{\mathrm{?1}}$ and $U_j=40\text{m}?{\text{s}}^{\mathrm{?1}}$ were studied. For $U_j=20\text{m}?{\text{s}}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, the natural boundary-layer at the nozzle exit is laminar. When the perturbation is applied, the fluctuations of the first and the second subharmonics of the excitation frequency are detected in the shear-layer. In addition, the first subharmonic near pressure field along the spreading jet is constituted of two strong maxima of sinusoidal shape. The far-field directivity pattern displays two lobes separated by an extinction angle ${\theta }^{?}$ at around 85° from the jet axis. These observations follow the results of Bridges about the vortex pairing noise. On the other hand, for $U_j=40\text{m}?{\text{s}}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, the initial boundary-layer is transitional and only the first subharmonic is observed in the presence of the excitation. The near pressure field is of Gaussian shape in the jet periphery and the acoustic far-field is superdirective as observed by Laufer and Yen. The state of the initial shear-layer seems to be the key feature to distinguish these two different radiation patterns. To cite this article: V. Fleury et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Étude numérique du couplage de la convection naturelle avec le rayonnement de surfaces en cavité carrée remplie d'airNumerical study of natural convection-surface radiation coupling in air-filled square cavities

A numerical tool is developed for coupling natural convection in cavities with surface radiation and computations are performed for an air-filled square cavity whose four walls have the same emissivity. Compared to the adiabatic case without radiation, the top wall is cooled, the bottom wall is heated, air flow along the horizontal walls are reinforced and thermal stratification in cavity core is reduced. Detailed analysis shows that net radiative heat flux is linear with ΔT if $\mathrm{\Delta }T?T_0$, which is the case at low Rayleigh number, and that radiative Nusselt number is a linear function of the cavity height. Surface radiation induces an early transition to time-dependent flows: for $?=0.2$ and a cavity height of 0.335 m the critical Rayleigh number is equal to $9.3\times {10}^6$ and the corresponding Hopf bifurcation is supercritical. Furthermore, multiple periodic solutions are observed between $\mathit{Ra}=1.2\times {10}^7$ and $1.3\times {10}^7$. To cite this article: H. Wang et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).