正交各向异性厚板的边界元解法

本文利用 Hormander 算子法和平面波分解法导出了计入剪切变形的正交各向异性厚板的基本解。建立了计入剪切变形的正交各向异性厚板的边界积分方程。文中详细地讨论了基本解的数值计算,并用边界元法分析了一些算例。     

Microstructure in a Cubic to Orthorhombic Transition

Microstructures for a cubic to orthorhombic transition are constructed using a geometrically nonlinear, thermoelastic theory of martensitic transformations. Such microstructures are of interest because they provide low energy paths along which a specimen can transform. The particular microstructures considered are the twinned martensite, austenite–martensite, wedge, triangle, and diamond. More specifically, all possible twins are found along with the corresponding twinning elements and magnitude of the twin shear. Further, two kinds of austenite–martensite microstructures are studied: those with a single variant of martensite and those with twinned martensite. The regions in the space of transformation stretches in which each of these microstructures exist are determined, and the shape strains and habit plane normals are found as well. In addition, special microstructures, the wedge, triangle, and diamond, are constructed with both the austenite-single variant and austenite-twinned martensite microstructures. These special microstructures are of interest because they provide a mechanism through which the transformation may proceed more easily, and they are possible only in alloys with particular transformation stretches. Numerically computed level curves in the space of the stretches are presented on which the special microstructures are possible. These results may be useful in providing guidelines for alloy design.     

Approximate symmetries of creeping flow equations of a second grade fluid

Creeping flow equations of a second grade fluid are considered. Two current approximate symmetry methods and a modified new one are applied to the equations of motion. Approximate symmetries obtained by different methods and the exact symmetries are contrasted. Approximate solutions corresponding to the approximate symmetries are derived for each method. Symmetries and solutions are compared and advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in detail.     

Simulation of spatial multibody systems with friction

A formulation for modeling and simulation of friction effects in spatial multibody systems is presented. Constraint reaction forces on rigid bodies that are connected by joints that support friction are derived as functions of Lagrange multipliers, using D’Alembert’s principle. Friction forces acting on bodies are calculated as a function of joint geometry, constraint reaction forces that are functions of Lagrange multipliers, and relative velocities at constraint contact points that are determined by system kinematics. Friction forces are implemented in index 0 differential-algebraic equations of motion that are solved numerically using explicit and implicit numerical integration methods. Spatial examples are presented, yielding accurate results and demonstrating that the systems are not stiff, even in the presence of friction and stiction.     

Mesh effects on the computation of non-linear gravity waves of arbitrary discharge

Numerical computations of non-linear gravity waves are presented and the effects of mesh variations on the results are discussed. Waves are regarded as two-parameter families (λ,A)_Q of arbitrary discharge Q, and computations are carried out using a new Kantorovich algorithm. Mesh effects are to a large extent dependent on the particular wave region under consideration. Three such regions are identified and typical examples are computed and discussed.     

Exact solution to peristaltic transport of power-law fluid in asymmetric channel with compliant walls

Effects of compliant wall properties on the peristaltic flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in an asymmetric channel are investigated.The rheological characteristics are characterized by the constitutive equations of a power-law fluid.Long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations are adopted in the presentation of mathematical developments.Exact solutions are established for the stream function and velocity.The streamlines pattern and trapping are given due attention.Salient features of the key parameters entering into the present flow are displayed and important conclusions are pointed out.     

Analysis of Isolation Effectiveness of Shear Waves by a Row of Hollow Pipe Piles in Saturated Soils

Wave numbers about the three types of waves in saturated soils are firstly given in this paper. The lengths of the pipe piles are much larger than their diameters, so the isolation problem about SV waves by discontinuous barriers composed of a row of pipe piles can be simplified as a two-dimensional scattering problem. The expansion method of wave functions is adopted, the stresses and displacements at the boundaries between the pipe piles and adjacent soils are considered as continuous and the inner sides of the pipe piles are free, and then the theoretical solutions are obtained about this two-dimensional scattering problem. Normalized displacements are introduced, which are the displacements behind the barriers caused by both the incident and scattered waves to those only by the incident SV waves, contours and curves of the normalized displacements are drawn, and the influences of wall thickness of pipe piles, modulus ratio of pipe piles to soils, spacing distance between the pipe piles and pipe pile numbers on the isolation effectiveness are analyzed.     

Large deflections of rectangular membranes under uniform pressure

The Föppl large deflection equations for laterally loaded membranes are solved for uniform load and for edges which are fixed normal to the edge but are free to move parallel to the edge. Both the deflection function and the Airy stress function are expanded in Fourier series. The resulting coupled non-linear cubic equations for the deflection function coefficients are truncated and solved by means of an iterative procedure. Results for the center normal deflection and the stress resultants at selected points are calculated with the use of 100 or more equations and are found to differ significantly from the previously accepted approximate results.     

根部柔性梁的不确定性建模与确认

首先导出了包含根部挠性参数的悬臂梁动力学方程近似解,将平动和转动柔性参数作为不确定性源,根据若干预紧力矩下的模态实验结果完成了柔性参数识别,并假定其服从正态随机分布,识别了均值与标准差,进而通过回归分析建立了不确定参数随预紧力矩变化的数学模型.最后通过新的模态实验结果对所建模型进行了确认,通过确认结果,明确了该模型的使用范围.     

Analytical and numerical solutions of electro-osmotically driven flow of a third grade fluid between micro-parallel plates

Electro-osmotic flow of a third grade fluid between micro-parallel plates is considered. The equations of motion are derived and made dimensionless. Approximate analytical solutions are obtained by perturbation techniques. Constant viscosity and temperature dependent viscosity (Reynolds model) cases are treated separately. Numerical solutions of the equations are also obtained. Influences of non-Newtonian parameter, Joule heating effect, viscosity index and electro-kinetic effect on the velocity and temperature profiles are shown. Approximate and numerical solutions are contrasted.     

Comparison of methods for calculating the shock hugoniot of mixtures

Various methods used to determine the shock Hugoniot of condensed phase multi-component mixtures are reviewed and compared to available experimental data. The assumptions inherent in the different models are presented in this overview and their implications are discussed. The comparisons of the various models demonstrate that the predicted shock Hugoniots are in good agreement with published data despite the simplifying assumptions that are associated with the models. Averaging models are shown to be among the simplest methods to implement and result in the closest agreement with experimental data.     

Nonlinear flexural waves in fluid–filled elastic channels

Nonlinear waves on liquid sheets between thin infinite elastic plates are studied analytically and numerically. Linear and nonlinear models are used for the elastic plates coupled to the Euler equations for the fluid. One-dimensional time-dependent equations are derived based on a long-wavelength approximation. Inertia of the elastic plates is neglected, so linear perturbations are stable. Symmetric and mixed-mode travelling waves are found with the linear plate model and symmetric travelling waves are found for the nonlinear case. Numerical simulations are employed to study the evolution in time of initial disturbances and to compare the different models used. Nonlinear effects are found to decrease the travelling wave speed compared with linear models. At sufficiently large amplitude of initial disturbances, higher order temporal oscillations induced by nonlinearity can lead to thickness of the liquid sheet approaching zero.     

An error analysis of holographic strains determined by cubic splines

Holographic measurements of an idealized cantilever beam under end-loading and uniform-loading conditions are simulated on a computer. Cubic splines are fitted to the simulated data and then used to evaluate the shear strain and bending moment. Controlled data errors are introduced into the simulated measurements and the strain and bending-moment results are compared with the known analytic results. When the data are not resolution limited, the accuracy of the results increases as more cubic splines are taken. However, when the data are resolution limited, the accuracy of the results is a maximum for an optimum number of cubic splines and the use of more splines actually decreases the accuracy.     

Flow of Oldroyd-B fluid with nanoparticles and thermal radiation

The two-dimensional boundary layer flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid in the presence of nanoparticles is investigated. Convective heat and mass conditions are considered in the presence of thermal radiation and heat generation. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are retained. The nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into the ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems. The resulting ODE systems are solved for the series solutions. The results are analyzed for various physical parameters of interest. Numerical values of the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also computed and analyzed.     

接触-碰撞算法研究进展

接触-碰撞广泛存在于实际工程问题中,是影响数值计算效率与计算精度的重要因素。本文针对变形体间接触-碰撞问题的显式有限元计算,介绍接触-碰撞算法近30年来取得的主要进展。首先,简要介绍接触-碰撞问题的界面离散模型;然后,从全局接触搜索、局部搜索、接触约束施加以及接触计算的并行化四方面详细阐述目前主要算法的基本思想与特点,并分析其优势与不足;最后,对接触-碰撞算法相关研究方向给出建议。     

椭球凸模型非概率可靠性度量和区间安全系数的关系

研究了椭球凸模型非概率可靠性度量和区间模型安全系数的关系。根据基于椭球凸模型的非概率可靠性指标和非概率可靠度的定义,建立了两者之间的函数关系;按照区间模型安全系数的定义,给出了由椭球参数确定的3种区间模型安全系数,分析了它们的意义;建立了非概率可靠性指标和区间模型安全系数之间的解析关系,讨论了它们在评估结构可靠性或安全程度上的意义;通过数值算例验证了分析结果。     

错位云纹干涉法同步测量三维位移导数场

本文提出一种变载波双曝光错位云纹干涉法,将变形信息的记录过程与错位分析分开进行。通过对一级衍射波引入适当载波后,用双曝光法将变形信息记录在一张底板上,尔后通过滤波分离变形信息及错位处理,实现了三维位移导数场的同步测量。文中给出了较为严密的理论推导,并给出了平面模型静态下的面内和离面位移场测量结果。     

Method of molecular dynamics in mechanics of deformable solids

The basic principles of the method of molecular dynamics are analyzed. Symplectic difference schemes for the numerical solution of molecular dynamics equations are considered. Stability is studied, and the errors in the energy conservation law, which are induced by using these schemes, are estimated. Equations of mechanics of continuous media are derived by means of averaging over the volume of an atomic system. Expressions for the stress tensor are obtained by using the virial principle and the method of averaging over the volume. The principles of construction of EAM and MEAM potentials of atomic interaction in crystals are analyzed. Two problems of fracture of copper-molybdenum composites are solved by the method of molecular dynamics.     

On the steady vibrations of elastic materials with voids

This paper is concerned with the linear elastodynamics of homogeneous and isotropic materials with voids. First, the singular solutions corresponding to concentrated forces in the case of steady vibrations are established. Then, representations of Somigliana type for the displacement field and the change in the volume fraction field are presented. Radiation conditions of Sommerfeld type are derived. The potentials of single layer and double layer are used to reduce the boundary value problems to singular integral equations for which Fredholm's basic theorems are valid. Existence and uniqueness results for exterior problems are established.