Preface to Special Issue: CO_2 capture storage and utilization

<正>Reducing the anthropogenic CO_2 emissions from fossil resource combustion and human activities has become one of the major challenges we are facing today.Beyond those practical applications for the utilization of CO_2,such as the synthesis of salicylic acid,methanol,urea,NaHCO_3-Na_2CO_3 chemicals and recently developed polycarbonate synthesis,scientists are still seeking new materials and technologies for efficient capture,     

Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of the use of amines in carbon capture and storage (CCS)

This critical review addresses the atmospheric gas phase and aqueous phase amine chemistry that is relevant to potential emissions from amine-based carbon capture and storage (CCS). The focus is on amine, nitrosamine and nitramine degradation, and nitrosamine and nitramine formation processes. A comparison between the relative importance of the various atmospheric sinks for amines, nitrosamines and nitramines is presented.     

CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion

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An amino acid based system for CO2 capture and catalytic utilization to produce formates

Herein, we report a novel amino acid based reaction system for CO₂ capture and utilization (CCU) to produce formates in the presence of the naturally occurring amino acid l-lysine. Utilizing a specific ruthenium-based catalyst system, hydrogenation of absorbed carbon dioxide occurs with high activity and excellent productivity. Noteworthy, following the CCU concept, CO₂ can be captured from ambient air in the form of carbamates and converted directly to formates in one-pot (TON > 50 000). This protocol opens new potential for transforming captured CO₂ from ambient air to C1-related products.

A novel amino acid based reaction system for CO₂ capture and utilization (CCU) to produce formates is presented applying a ruthenium-based catalyst. Noteworthy, CO₂ can be captured from ambient air and converted to formates in one-pot (TON > 50 000).     

H2 storage and CO2 capture on a nanoscale metal organic framework with high thermal stability

A nanoscale aluminium-based metal organic framework (NMOF) with high thermal stability has been synthesized, which shows high H(2) and CO(2) uptake capacities and an excellent selectivity for CO(2) over N(2) and O(2).     

Novel diethanolamine based deep eutectic mixtures for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture: synthesis and characterisation

In this work, diethanolamine was successfully used as a hydrogen bond donor to prepare three different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) using three quaternary ammonium salts at different molar ratios. Important physical properties of the prepared DESs including melting point, glass transition, crystallisation temperature, density, refractive index and viscosity were measured in temperature ranging from (298.15 to 358.15 K). Moreover, in order to explore the changes in chemical structures of the DESs, FTIR analysis was performed. The developed DESs have melting points lower than 293.15 K, and of significantly low density (close to water) and comparable viscosity. The effect of temperature and molar ratio on physical properties were also discussed. Empirical models were used to correlate the density, refractive index and viscosity data of the DESs as a function of temperature and molar ratio. A quantitative analysis, also called as ANOVA analysis, was conducted to investigate the significance of the experimental physical properties data. The new DESs prepared in this work have a potential to be used in numerous applications including CO₂ capture.     

Adsorption technology for CO2 separation and capture: a perspective

The capture of CO₂ from process and flue gas streams and subsequent sequestration was first proposed as a greenhouse gas mitigation option in the 1990s. This proposal spawned a series of laboratory and field tests in CO₂ capture which has now grown into a major world-wide research effort encompassing a myriad of capture technologies and ingenious flow sheets integrating power production and carbon capture. Simultaneously, the explosive growth in materials science in the last two decades has produced a wealth of new materials and knowledge providing us with new avenues to explore to fine tune CO₂ adsorption and selectivity. Laboratory and field studies over the last decade have explored the synergy of process and materials to produce numerous CO₂ capture technologies and materials based on cyclic adsorption processes. In this brief perspective, we look at some of these developments and comment on the application and limitations of adsorption process to CO₂ capture. We identify major engineering obstacles to overcome as well as potential breakthroughs necessary to achieve commercialization of adsorption processes for CO₂ capture. Our perspective is primarily restricted to post-combustion flue gas capture and CO₂ capture from natural gas.     

CO2 capture by polyethylenimine-modified fibrous adsorbent

This work focuses on developing a novel adsorbent for CO2 capture, by coating polyethylenimine (PEI) on glass fiber matrix and using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as cross-linking agent. The physicochemical properties of the fibrous adsorbent were characterized. The CO2 adsorption capacity was evaluated. Factors that affect the adsorption capacity of the fibrous adsorbent were studied. The experimental results show that this fibrous PEI adsorbent exhibits a much higher adsorption capacity for CO2 compared with another PEI fiber prepared in our previous work, which employed epoxy resin as the cross-linking agent. A CO2 adsorption capacity as high as 4.12 mmol CO2/g of adsorbent was obtained for this fibrous PEI adsorbent at 30 degrees C, equal to 13.56 mmol CO2/g of PEI, with a PEI/ECH ratio of 20:1. The adsorbent can be completely regenerated at 120 degrees C.     

CO2 capture by hydrocarbon surfactant liquids

Here we found that CO(2) has high solubility in low-cost hydrocarbon surfactant liquids.     

Preparation of biomass-derived phosphorus-doped microporous carbon material and its application in dye adsorption and CO2 capture

Microporous P-doped carbon materials are synthesized by a pyrolysis method using MCM-22 as a template, sucrose as a precursor, and phosphoric acid as phosphorus sources. The results show that the pore structure of the carbon materials can be adjusted by changing the amount of phosphoric acid and template. When the P/C molar ratio is 0.075, the obtained P-doped microporous carbon material shows excellent specific surface area up to 621 m²/g and shows a high adsorption capacity of 199.40 mg/g for crystal violet dye, with a removal rate of 98.9%. When testing the CO₂ adsorption capacity, it was found that the maximum adsorption capacity reached 63 mg/g and remained stable after 10 adsorption and desorption cycles, with excellent cycle stability. The adsorption obeys pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model.     

CO2 capture through halogen bonding: A theoretical perspective

Halogen bonding interactions between several halogenated ion pairs and CO2 molecules have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. To account for the influence of solvent environment, the implicit polarized continuum model was also employed. The bromide and iodide cations of ionic liquids (ILs) under study can interact with CO2 molecules via X O interactions, which become much stronger in strength than those in the complexes of iodo-perfluorobenzenes, very effective halogen bond donors, with CO2 molecules. Such interactions, albeit somewhat weaker in strength, are also observed between halogenated ion pairs and CO2 molecules. Thus, the solubility of CO2 may be improved when using halogenated ILs, as a result of the formation of X O halogen bonds. Under solvent effects, the strength of the interactions tends to be weakened to some degree, with a concomitant elongation of intermolecular distances. The results presented here would be very useful in the design and synthesis of novel and potent ILs for CO2 physical absorption.     

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines for CO2 capture: designing for mesoporous CO2 adsorbents

CO(2) emissions, from fossil-fuel-burning power plants, the breathing, etc., influence the global worming on large scale and the man's work efficiency on small scale. The reversible capture of CO(2) is a prominent feature of CO(2) organic-inorganic hybrid adsorbent to sequester CO(2). Herein, (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS), [3-(methylamino)propyl] trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS), and [3-(diethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane (DEAPTMS) are immobilized on highly ordered mesoporous silicas (SBA-15) to catch CO(2) as primary, secondary, and tertiary aminosilica adsorbents. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze the immobilized APTMS, MAPTMS, and DEAPTMS on the SBA-15. We report an interesting discovery that the CO(2) adsorption and desorption on the adsorbent depend on the amine type of the aminosilica adsorbent. The adsorbed CO(2) was easily desorbed from the adsorbent with the low energy consumption in the order of tertiary, secondary, and primary amino-adsorbents while the adsorption amount and the bonding-affinity increased in the reverse order. The effectiveness of amino-functionalized (1(o), 2(o), and 3(o) amines) SBA-15s as a CO(2) capturing agent was investigated in terms of adsorption capacity, adsorption-desorption kinetics, and thermodynamics. This work demonstrates apt amine types to catch CO(2) and regenerate the adsorbent, which may open new avenues to designing "CO(2) basket".     

Choline-based ionic liquids for CO2 capture and conversion

Choline-based ionic liquids(Ch-ILs) with anions possessing interacting sites to attract CO_2 were designed, which could capture CO_2 with capacity 1.0 mol CO_2 per molar IL under ambient conditions. Moreover, this kind of ILs combining with Cu Cl could catalyze the formylation of amines with CO_2/H_2 at 120 °C. Especially, choline imidazolate showed the best performance,affording a series of N-formamides in excellent yields. It was demonstrated that the IL activated CO_2 and the synergistic effect between the IL and Cu Cl resulted in the high activity for catalysing the formylation of amines with CO_2/H_2.     

Simple fabrication of a phosphorus-doped hierarchical porous carbon via soft-template method for efficient CO2capture

Hierarchical porous carbons are widely used as adsorbents, catalyst supports, electrode materials, and other applications because of their high specific surface area (SSA), varied pore structure, adjustable porosity, and excellent physicochemical stability. Introducing heteroatoms such as N, P, or S, with electronegativities different from that of carbon, into the carbon skeleton can change the chemical properties of the surface and the density of the electron cloud around the carbon matrix, thus altering interactions of CO₂molecules with the surface and improving CO₂adsorption capacity. Therefore, doping heteroatoms in carbon materials has attracted a great amount of attention. In this paper, the template method was used with F108 (polyethylene glycol–polypropylene glycolpolyethylene glycol) as the template, resorcinol and formaldehyde solutions as the carbon sources, phosphoric acid as the phosphorus source, and KOH as the activator to prepare phosphorus-doped hierarchical porous carbons. Through a series of characterization and CO₂adsorption experiments, the influence of the amount of KOH and template agent on the pore structure of carbon materials was studied. We conclude that these phosphorus-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials are promising CO₂adsorbents.     

CH(4) storage and CO(2) capture in highly porous zirconium oxide based metal-organic frameworks

A series of porous Zr oxoclusters-based MOFs was computationally explored for their gas storage/capture performances. The highly porous UiO-67(Zr) and UiO-68(Zr) solids show exceptionally high CH(4) and CO(2) adsorption capacities under operating conditions that make these thermal, water and mechanical resistant materials very promising for physisorption-based processes.     

Innovative nano-layered solid sorbents for CO2 capture

Nano-layered sorbents for CO(2) capture, for the first time, were developed using layer-by-layer nanoassembly. A CO(2)-adsorbing polymer and a strong polyelectrolyte were alternately immobilized within porous particles. The developed sorbents had fast CO(2) adsorption and desorption properties and their CO(2) capture capacity increased with increasing nano-layers of the CO(2)-adsorbing polymer.     

Open diamondoid amino-functionalized MOFs for CO2 capture

Solvent-induced chiral single-crystal to achiral single-crystal structural transformation is presented by two isomeric amino-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with 2-fold interpenetrating diamond topology, and the achiral form has high CO(2) uptake capacity.