Electrochemistry of Diamond: A Review

Because of its extraordinary chemical stability, diamond is a perspective electrode material to be used in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering. In this review-article, the results of basic studies in the synthetic-diamond electrochemistry are summarized: the electrochemical kinetics, photoelectrochemistry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Relations between the semiconductor nature and crystal structure of diamond and its electrochemical behavior are revealed. Prospects for using diamond electrodes in the electroanalysis, electrosynthesis, and environmentally-oriented industry are outlined.     

The review of advances in interfacial electrochemistry in Estonia: electrochemical double layer and adsorption studies for the development of electrochemical devices

The electrochemistry nowadays has many faces and challenges. Although the focus has shifted from fundamental electrochemistry to applied electrochemistry, one needs to acknowledge that it is impossible to develop and design novel green energy transition devices without a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical processes at the electrode and electrolyte interface that define the performance mechanisms. The review gives an overview of the systematic research in the field of electrochemistry in Estonia which reflects on the excellent collaboration between fundamental and applied electrochemistry.

     

Electrochemistry of nanobubbles

Gas bubble formation is a common phenomenon in numerous electrochemical processes, such as water splitting, chloralkaline process, and fuel cells. Many efforts have been made to understand the behaviors of microsized or larger gas bubbles in electrochemical systems in the past few decades. It was not until recent years that the electrochemistry of nanosized gas bubbles (nanobubbles) has begun receiving attention. In this short review, we summarize recent advances in the field of electrochemistry of nanobubbles, ranging from new fundamental understandings of nanobubble behaviors to the development of novel bubble-based applications inspired by the basic research of nanobubble electrochemistry.     

纳米材料的电化学制取及应用

简介近年来纳米材料的电化学制备技术,纳米材料在电沉积、电池、电催化、传感器等领域中应用的新进展.     

有机电化学合成简谈

本文简要介绍了有机电化学合成的体系,研究方法和技术及主要特征。以C=C类物质为例介绍了有机电化学合成中的各类反应,并以己二腈的电合成为例介绍了相应的工业化应用。试图以CO2的电化学固定利用为例介绍了有机电化学合成的研究动向。     

组合电化学--电化学研究中的新策略

组合电化学是一种新的电化学研究策略，通过设计和构建大量多样性的电极阵列，并对其进行高通量筛选和表征，快速、高效地实现了体系的电化学研究。本文综述了近年来进行的组合电化学研究，重点介绍了组合光学筛选方法、组合电化学合成方法以及电化学平行筛选方法，并探讨了各种方法的优势和存在的问题。     

Development of electrochemistry in Serbia-challenges and perspectives

In this review, the development of electrochemistry in Serbia is presented, with an accent on historical moments from the beginning up to contemporary research directions. The pioneer in the establishment of electrochemical science was Professor Panta S. Tutundzic, who was elected Assistant Professor in Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in 1925, when the Department of Technology, previously integrated within the Technical Faculty in Belgrade, was established as a separate department. From the time of Professor Tutundzic′s group to today, a community of many eminent researchers has been involved in electrochemistry development, creating the world-renowned Belgrade School of Electrochemistry. It was not actually a formal school of electrochemistry but rather a variety of research directions, and first of all people doing excellent electrochemical science recognized at the international level. As one of the members of the contemporary active electrochemistry community from Serbia, and successors of the Belgrade School of Electrochemistry, I have both the special honor and the responsibility of presenting the historical contribution of such outstanding and internationally recognized scientists in the most appropriate way. Having in mind that any school and research area is predominantly determined by human resources, I will focus on the great contribution of the most prominent electrochemists, from the founders up to those active today. The main research directions were and still are electrodeposition, electrochemical reaction kinetics, electrocatalysis, energy production and storage, and corrosion and corrosion protection.

     

Optical-facilitated single-entity electrochemistry

Single-entity electrochemistry focusing on the study of transient electrochemical process at the confined interface, has become a promising field that addresses questions from multi-disciplines such as cellular biology, material chemistry, organic chemistry, etc. It offers the fruitful information hidden in bulk electrochemical measurements. As the optical techniques improve in spatial and temporal resolution, the combination of electrochemistry with optical microspectroscopy provides more comprehensive information of single-entity electrochemistry. Herein, we review recent progress made in optical–electrochemical measurements covering three aspects from the precise localization and temperature measurements of single compartments, to the in-situ tracking of dynamic behaviors of single nanoparticles in electrochemical process, and to the monitoring confinement-controlled electrochemistry at the single molecule/ion level. The review demonstrates how these optical methods are innovatively integrated with single-entity sensing. It also reveals how these optical–electrochemical combinations push single-entity electrochemistry forward.     

Electrochemistry in flames: a preliminary communication

We propose that the ionised gaseous media of a flame may be a suitable medium in which electrochemical phenomena can be investigated. This communication contains preliminary investigations into electrochemical phenomena in the gas phase, by considering the media of a flame as an electrolyte. A hypothesis is presented which possibly explains the occurrence of an electrochemical potential established at a metallic electrode surface when inserted into the flame. Using cyclic voltammetry with a three-electrode system, we observe current steps, which we have interpreted as Faradaic reduction of iron and copper ions introduced into the flame. Although the interpretations presented here are at this stage speculative, the results open new avenues for research and applications of electrochemistry by proposing ionised gaseous media as vehicles for gas phase electrochemistry.     

Microfluidics and electrochemistry: an emerging tandem for next-generation analytical microsystems

Microfluidic and electrochemical technologies have been at the forefront of the development of emerging analytical microsystems. Microfluidics and electrochemistry show a synergistic relationship, empowering their inherent features. Thus, integration of microfluidics and electrochemical (bio)sensors is envisioned as a powerful tandem for boosting the next generation of lab-on-a-chip platforms, including point-of-care and point-of-need systems. In this review, a general overview of the advantages, drawbacks, and gaps as well as remaining challenges and future trends of coupling microfluidics and electrochemical cells is presented. Special attention is given to the manufacturing and scale-up of the integrated devices and all those aspects that can push on the development of true lab-on-a-chip platforms for reaching the industrial domain and actual commercialization.     

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the electron transfer reactivity of hemoglobin

Hemoglobin, after being treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, exhibits a direct electrochemical response at a pyrolytic graphite electrode. The apparent standard potential (E degrees ') of hemoglobin is -0.119 V (vs. NHE). Meanwhile, since no electrochemical mediator is required for its direct electrochemistry, this work provides a convenient way to perform electrochemical research on this protein.     

细胞色素P450的电化学研究进展

细胞色素P450的电化学研究从一个侧面反映了为使细胞色素P450达到工业催化剂的最终目的人们所作的不懈努力。本文从细胞色素P450在电极上的电子转移研究,隧道扫描显微镜的微观成像研究和使用电极作为细胞色素P450的电子给体从而实现细胞色素P450底物转化三方面,评述了近年来细胞色素P450的电化学研究进展。     

From synthetic organic chemistry to electrochemistry

The paper describes the change of the author??s research from synthetic organic chemistry to electrochemistry and the advantages and disadvantages of having been trained in organic synthesis rather than in electrochemistry. The described research in electrochemistry includes, among other projects, oxidations in non-aqueous solvents, reduction of azomethine derivatives and heterocyclic compounds, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, reduction of graphite, electrocatalytic reductions, electron transfer in nucleophilic substitutions and additions, determination of redox potentials of short-lived radicals, and electrochemical formation of Grignard compounds having reducible groups. At the end, some considerations after 60?years of research are included.     

蛋白质直接电化学研究及其应用

蛋白质直接电化学研究在生物电化学中具有重要地位,对于蛋白质结构．功能研究、蛋白质电子传递过程的热力学和动力学研究都有着重要意义,而且是研制第三代电化学生物传感器的基础。本文对在裸电极、分子自组装修饰电极和模拟生物膜修饰电极上进行蛋白质直接电化学的研究及相关应用进行简要综述。     

蛋白质直接电化学研究及其应用

蛋白质直接电化学研究在生物电化学中具有重要地位,对于蛋白质结构-功能研究、蛋白质电子传递过程的热力学和动力学研究都有着重要意义,而且是研制第三代电化学生物传感器的基础。本文对在裸电极、分子自组装修饰电极和模拟生物膜修饰电极上进行蛋白质直接电化学的研究及相关应用进行简要综述。     

新型二维纳米材料在电化学领域的应用与发展

以石墨烯为代表的新型二维纳米材料具有独特的结构和优异的电子特性,在电化学各领域具有巨大的应用潜力。 本综述总结了新型二维纳米材料在电化学各领域(能源存储、能源转化和电化学传感)的研究现状和存在的问题。 展望了二维纳米材料在电化学领域的发展趋势。     

In situ studies: electrochemistry and scattering

Given the global relevance of sustainable energy and energy security, the study of electrochemistry and the development of energy storage devices is a very active area of research. As researchers attempt to overcome issues with current energy storage devices, innovative methods are required to probe deeper into the working mechanisms of devices. The ability to study electrochemistry as it takes place in electrochemical energy storage devices has been enabled by continuous developments in instrumentation, improved accessibility for researchers and also innovations in data collection and cell design. In this short review, we highlight several studies that make use of innovations in data collection, data interpretation, or device design, to study electrochemical energy storage devices using scattering methods.     

《界面电化学》专辑序言

界面电化学是以研究电极-电解液界面的结构和性质以及各种电极过程为特点的电化学科学的重要方向. 随着能源科学的迅猛发展,围绕各种复杂电化学界面、探讨其在能源电化学过程中的特殊作用显得十分重要,而发展和运用各种原位和非原位表征方法研究复杂界面的结构和性能关系也日益受到关注. 本专辑收录论文9篇,包括7篇研究论文和2篇综述,侧重于锂基电池、电催化和离子液体电化学体系中的界面问题,反映我国学者在电化学界面基础和应用研究方面所取得的最新进展,并评述有关能源电化学界面所存在的问题、挑战和解决策略.希望籍此促进我国电化学研究的进一步发展. 在此,谨对所有为本专辑撰稿的作者所给予的大力支持和贡献表示诚挚谢意！ 同时对审稿人及编辑部工作人员为本专缉的出版所付出的辛勤劳动表示衷心感谢！     

Additive manufacturing for energy storage: Methods,designs and material selection for customizable 3D printed batteries and supercapacitors

Additive manufacturing and 3D printing in particular have the potential to revolutionize existing fabrication processes, where objects with complex structures and shapes can be built with multifunctional material systems. For electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, 3D printing methods allows alternative form factors to be conceived based on the end use application need in mind at the design stage. Additively manufactured energy storage devices require active materials and composites that are printable, and this is influenced by performance requirements and the basic electrochemistry. The interplay between electrochemical response, stability, material type, object complexity and end use application are key to realising 3D printing for electrochemical energy storage. Here, we summarise recent advances and highlight the important role of methods, designs and material selection for energy storage devices made by 3D printing, which is general to the majority of methods in use currently.     

On-line coupling of a microelectrode array equipped poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip with an integrated graphite electrospray emitter for electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

A novel method for the manufacturing of microchips for on-chip combinations of electrochemistry (EC) and sheathless electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is described. The technique, which does not require access to clean-room facilities, is based on the incorporation of an array of gold microcoil electrodes into a poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) microflow channel equipped with an integrated graphite based sheathless ESI emitter. Electrochemical measurements, which were employed to determine the electroactive area of the electrodes and to test the microchips, show that the manufacturing process was reproducible and that the important interelectrode distance in the electrochemical cell could to be adequately controlled. The EC-ESI-MS device was evaluated based on the ESI-MS detection of the oxidation products of dopamine. The results demonstrate that the present on-chip approach enables full potentiostatic control of the electrochemical cell and the attainment of very short transfer times between the electrochemical cell and the electrospray emitter. The transfer times were 0.6 and 1.2 s for flow rates of 1.0 and 0.5 microL min(-1), respectively, while the electrochemical conversion efficiency of the electrochemical cell was found to be 30% at a flow rate of 0.5 microL min(-1). To decouple the electrochemical cell from the ESI-MS high voltage and to increase the user-friendliness, the on-line electrochemistry-ESI-MS experiments were performed using a wireless Bluetooth battery-powered instrument with the chip floating at the potential induced by the ESI high voltage. The described on-chip EC-ESI-MS device can be used for fundamental electrochemical investigations as well as for applications based on the use of electrochemically controlled sample pretreatment, preconcentration and ionisation steps prior to ESI-MS.