非贵金属催化剂用于CO选择性氧化脱除的研究

以Co和Ni为催化剂活性组分、活性炭为载体,通过饱和浸渍法制得非贵金属催化剂,采用XRD、SEM和TPD对催化剂性能进行表征,考察了该催化剂用于富氢气中CO选择性氧化活性及H₂O或/和CO₂对催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,催化剂以NiO和高分散的Co₃O₄为主要物相,催化剂吸附O₂的能力随着金属氧化物负载量的增加而增加,且催化剂对O₂分子的吸附能力明显强于CO₂分子。金属氧化物负载量为35%的催化剂表现出较高的CO选择性氧化活性和选择性,在低于473K时O₂氧化选择性达50%以上,此时可将CO浓度降到40×10^-6以下,达到燃料电池对氢燃料气的要求。同时,催化剂表现出较强的抗水蒸气和CO₂的能力。     

Supported CuO/Ce1−x Zr x O2 catalysts for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich gases

The catalytic properties of CuO supported on ceria or ceria-zirconia mixed oxides have been investigated in the preferential oxidation of CO in H₂-rich gases. CuO/CeO₂ shows very high activity towards the oxidation of CO with a light-off temperature of about 70°C. This catalyst is very selective for the oxidation of CO rather than of H₂ in the low temperature region (70–120°C), while at higher temperatures, the oxidation of hydrogen begins, causing of a maximum of CO conversion to arise with increasing temperature. Published in Russian in Kinetika i Kataliz, 2006, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 779–787. This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

载体对Cu基催化剂富氢条件下CO氧化性能的影响

燃料电池是一种高效和环境友好的能源装置,其中质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）以其工作温度低、低温启动性能好、功率密度和能量转换效率高等优点而广受关注[1].目前,PEMFC所需要的氢气一般通过醇或烃类的重整获得,但所得的氢气含有浓度较高的、使燃料电池Pt电极中毒的CO,导致电池失效,CO的选择性（优先）催化氧化（PROX）在众多去除CO的方法中被认为是最直接有效的一种.     

富氢气氛下CeO_2-NiO纳米棒催化剂的CO选择性氧化性能研究

采用水热法制备了一系列不同Ce/Ni物质的量比的纳米棒CeO_2(x)-NiO催化剂。运用低温N_2吸附-脱附、XRD、TEM、拉曼光谱、H_2-TPR及XPS等技术对催化剂的形貌、结构进行了表征。考察了Ce/Ni物质的量比对CeO_2(x)-NiO催化剂形貌及富氢气氛下CO选择性氧化(CO PROX)反应性能的影响。TEM测试结果表明,调变Ce/Ni物质的量比可制得不同粒径的CeO_2(x)-NiO纳米棒催化剂。H_2-TPR测试结果表明,将NiO掺入CeO_2可提升Ce O_2(x)-NiO催化剂的氧化还原能力。拉曼光谱及XPS测试结果表明,镍含量较低时,CeO_2(x)-NiO催化剂表面活性氧物种及氧空位含量均较多,利于提升其催化性能。CO PROX催化性能测试结果显示,镍含量较低的CeO_2(0.89)-NiO纳米棒催化剂的活性和选择性最好,在170-220℃的反应条件下,CO转化率为100%,CO_2选择性为52%。     

Supported Ru catalysts prepared by two sonication-assisted methods for preferential oxidation of CO in H2

The preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in the presence of H(2) is an important step in the production of pure H(2) for industrial applications. In this report, two sonochemical methods (S1 and S2) were used to prepare highly dispersed Ru catalysts supported on mesoporous TiO(2) (TiO(2)(MSP)) for the PROX reaction, in which a reaction gas mixture containing 1% CO + 1% O(2) + 18% CO(2) + 78% H(2) was used. The supported Ru catalysts performed better than the supported Au and Pt catalysts, and the S1 and S2 methods are superior to the impregnation method. The Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalysts were active for the PROX reaction below 200 °C and good for the methanation reactions of CO and CO(2) above 200 °C. The presence of residual chlorine in the catalysts severely suppressed their PROX reaction activity, and a higher dispersion of Ru particles led to better catalytic performances. The addition of Au in the Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalyst also caused a poorer catalytic activity for both the PROX and the methanation reactions. TPR results showed that in the active catalysts prepared by the S1 and S2 methods, the well dispersed Ru particles, after calcination in air, had a stronger interaction with the support than those in the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method and in the Au-Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalyst. In situ CO absorption experiments performed with the diffusion reflectance Fourier transform infra red (DRIFT) method showed that the bridged adsorbed CO species on isolated Ru(0) sites correlated with the catalytic performances, indicating that these isolated Ru(0) sites are the most active sites of the Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalysts in the PROX reaction.     

焙烧温度对Au/Fe2O3选择性氧化富氢气体中CO催化性能的影响

甲醇重整在线制氢作为质子交换膜燃料电池的燃料成为当前研究的热点。受重整反应动力学及热力学的限制，使得甲醇重整气(富氢气体)中除含有大量的氢气外还含有少量的CO，CO极易吸附在燃料电池阳极催化剂表面，使电池性能下降，因而必须去除重整气中的CO，选择性氧化脱除富氢气     

Recent advances in H2O2-based advanced oxidation processes for removal of antibiotics from wastewater

As important emerging contaminants, antibiotics have caused potential hazards to the ecological environment and human health due to their extensive production and consumption. Among various techniques for removing antibiotics from wastewater, H₂O₂-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have received increasing attention due to their fast reaction rate and strong oxidation capability. Hence this review critically discusses: (i) Recent research progress of AOPs with the addition of H₂O₂ for antibiotics removal through different methods of H₂O₂ activation; (ii) recent advances in AOPs that can in-situ generate and activate H₂O₂ for antibiotics removal; (iii) H₂O₂-based AOPs as a combination with other techniques for the degradation and mineralization of antibiotics in wastewater. Future perspectives about H₂O₂-based AOPs are also presented to grasp the future research trend in the area.     

表面活性剂模板法制备CeO_2/CuO催化剂用于富氢气氛中CO优先氧化

采用表面活性剂模板法合成了一组不同配比的CeO2/CuO催化剂,使用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N2吸附脱附和程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征,并对其在富氢气氛中CO优先氧化的催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,立方相萤石结构的氧化铈颗粒粒径在4 nm左右,它们聚集成小簇后分散在块状氧化铜的表面;从粒径分布来看所制备的催化剂是逆负载型催化剂。催化性能测试结果显示,CeO2/CuO催化剂中有两种类型吸附位的存在,即由CuO提供的化学吸附位和由氧化铈提供的氧空位,而界面处两种类型吸附位的共存促进了CO的优先氧化。     

Recent advances in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction

The development of highly efficient electrocatalysts toward hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR) under alkaline media is essential for the commercialization of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs). However, the HOR kinetics in alkaline is two to three orders of magnitude slower than that in acid. More critically, fundamental understanding of the sluggish kinetics derived from the p H effect is still debatable. In this review, the recent development of understanding HOR mechanism and rationa...     

Recent advances in carbon-based materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction

The increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration has caused many environmental issues. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction（CO₂RR） has been considered as a promising strategy to mitigate these challenges. The electrocatalysts with a low overpotential, high Faradaic efficiency, and excellent selectivity are of great significance for the CO₂RR. Carbon-based materials including metal-free carbon catalysts and metal-based carbon catalysts have shown great p...     

Recent advances in organic synthesis with CO2 as C1 synthon

Carbon dioxide as a green, nontoxic and low-cost C1 synthon holds great potential in organic synthesis. In this paper, the recent studies of conversion of CO₂ with organic compounds (including alkenes, alkynes, amines, allylamines, propenyl ketones, propargylic alcohols/amines, arenes, and heteroarenes as well as their derivatives) to value-added chemicals are briefly reviewed.     

Recent advances in chemical fixation of CO2 based on flow chemistry

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an attractive C1 building block in chemical synthesis due to its abundance, availability and sustainability. However, the low reactivity and high stability generally limits its transformations under mild conditions to value added chemicals. Recent advances in flow chemistry provide effective means for the chemical transformation of CO₂, and many new methods and techniques that fully utilized the advantages of continuous flow platforms for the chemical fixation of CO₂ have been realized. In view of the rapid development and the urgent need for continuous transformation of CO₂, herein we wish to present an update of the recent advances in this research area.     

Recent advances in low oxidation state aluminium chemistry

The synthesis and isolation of novel low oxidation state aluminium (Al) compounds has seen relatively slow progress over the 30 years since such species were first isolated. This is largely due to the significant challenges in isolating these thermodynamically unstable compounds. Despite challenges with isolation, their reactivity has been widely explored and they have been utilized in a wide range of processes including the activation of strong chemicals bonds, as ligands to transition metals and in the formation of heterobimetallic M–M compounds. As such, attempts to isolate novel low oxidation state Al compounds have continued in earnest and in the last few years huge advances have been made. In this review we highlight the remarkable recent developments in the low oxidation state chemistry of aluminium and discuss the variety of new reactions these compounds have made possible.

Documenting the synthesis and isolation of novel low oxidation state aluminium (Al) compounds, which until recently has seen relatively slow progress over the 30 years since such species were first isolated.     

钙钛矿型稀土复合氧化物催化剂上一氧化碳的选择氧化

考察了在钙钛矿型稀土复合氧化物催化剂上，氢气中一氧化碳选择氧化的催化性能，发现该催化剂具有优良的催化活性和选择性。LaMnO3中的锰被铜部分取代后可以提高其催化活性，当其中的镧再被锶或钡部分取代后所得的催化剂的催化活性进一步提高。其中以La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Cu0.5O3的催化活性为最佳，在该催化剂上，在40 000 mL·g－1·h－1下，155 ℃时CO可被完全转化为CO2，此时的选择性达54%，与铂催化剂的性能相近。反应气中加入CO2时，CO转化率下降，但选择性有所提高；加入水蒸气则使CO的转化率和反应选择性均下降。     

中空纤维Au-CeZr/FAU催化膜的制备及在富氢气氛CO选择性氧化反应中的应用

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Ce/Zr掺杂比例的FAU分子筛膜, 并进一步负载纳米金, 制备了Au-CeZr/FAU催化膜. 对催化膜的微观形貌及结构进行了表征, 并对其在富氢气氛中催化CO优先氧化性能进行了研究. H₂-TPR结果表明, Ce/Zr掺杂比为1∶1时制得的催化膜Au-Ce₁Zr₁/FAU具有最好的被还原能力, 更有利于Au的分散与还原; O₂-TPD结果表明, 该样品的氧物种比其它样品上的氧物种活性更高. 更好的被还原性能和更高的氧物种活性使得制备的Au-Ce₁Zr₁/FAU催化膜性能最佳, 在60 ℃时CO转化率与O₂选择性可以同时达到100%, 并且在经过10次热循环测试后仍然可以保持稳定的催化性能.     

Recent advances in asymmetric copper allylic oxidation of olefins

This review deals with the recent advances in asymmetric copper allylic oxidation of olefins. An exhaustive analysis of the results has been realized showing the limitation of the different asymmetric catalytic systems used.     

Influence of preparation methods on CuO-CeO2 catalysts in the preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen

Influence of three different preparation methods, i.e. impregnation, coprecipitation, and inverse coprecipitation, on the preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen （PROX） over CuO-CeO2 catalysts has been investigated and CuO-CeO2 catalysts are characterized using BET, XPS, XRD, UV Raman, and TPR techniques. The results show that the catalysts prepared by coprecipitation have smaller particle sizes, well-dispersed CuOx species, more oxygen vacancies, and are more active in the PROX than those prepared by the other methods. However. the inverse coprecipitation depresses the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalysts and causes the growth of CuO-CeO2 because of different pH value in the precipitation process.