X光激光实验研究进展

自１９８７年开发Ｘ光激光实验以来，在许多物理机制研究上取得重要进展，尤其利用电子碰撞激发机制实现了一系列类氖锗离子的Ｘ光激光增益。在驱动能量－６００Ｊ、脉宽－１．２ｎｓ条件下，首先获得１９．６－２８．６ｎｍ间的５条跃迁增益线，ＧＬ值约８，利用平面Ｘ光反射镜又实现双程放大，时间分辨的强度提高１０倍。     

Z=18—82原子的同步辐射内壳层光电离积分截面的计算和讨论

此文计算了Ｚ＝１８－８２的原子在北京同步辐射４Ｂ９Ａ束线的白色Ｘ光照射下的光电离积分截面Ｇ值。结果表明，有三个Ｇ值较大的区域，Ｚ＝１８－２０，３９－４７和５９－８２，最大值分别为３．８×１０－６，１．６×１０－５和３．５×１０－５ｐｈｏｔｏｎｓ·ｃｍ２／ｓ。同时，估计了平衡时主要多重电荷态离子数目，分析了用同步辐射和离子阱进行多重电荷态实验的新的候选原子，讨论了有关实验方法和技术。     

GaAlAs／GaAs量子阱结构的实验研究

利用分子束外延生长法生长出了ＧａＡｌＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ梯度折射率分别限制单量子阱结构材料，对样品进行了光荧光谱、双晶Ｘ射线衍射和电化学电容－电压分布测量。实验结果表明，样品质量达到了设计要求，利用该材料制作的激光二极管获得了初步结果。     

The Scheme for X-ray Emission Enhancement in Groove Target

Ｔｈｅ　Ｓｃｈｅｍｅ　ｆｏｒ　Ｘ－ｒａｙ　Ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ　Ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｍｅｎｔ　ｉｎ　Ｇｒｏｏｖｅ　ＴａｒｇｅｔＴｈｅＳｃｈｅｍｅｆｏｒＸ－ｒａｙＥｍｉｓｓｉｏｎＥｎｈａｎｃｅｍｅｎｔｉｎＧｒｏｏｖｅＴａｒｇｅｔ￥ＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏｆａｎｇ；ＸＵＺ...     

腔靶内超热电子的实验研究

介绍了利用１０道滤波荧光谱仪（简称Ｆ．Ｆ．谱仪）测量新型腔靶中超热电子产生的硬Ｘ光能谱，并结合ＧａＡｓ阵列探测器测量硬Ｘ光角分布，给出了腔外硬Ｘ光总能量，同时用Ｆ．Ｆ．谱仪测量结果与其同方位的ＧａＡｓ探测器测量结果比对，两者在误差范围内是一致的。在Ｆ．Ｆ谱仪和ＧａＡｓ探测器两者数据比较自洽的情况下，并与后向受激拉曼散射光特征量比较，得出了：（１）腔靶内超热电子不是各向同性均匀分布的，大部分超热电子沿着入射激光光轴方向运动；（２）腔内大部分超热电子与冷介质（腔壁）发生库仑作用产生硬Ｘ光。     

Si1—xGex／Si脊形波导X型分支器的研制

采用分子束外延方法制作低损耗Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅ／Ｓｉ异质结脊形光波导，在Ｘ型交叉波导上实现了Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ光分支器的功能，设计中采用了ＳｉＧｅ大截面脊形波导的单模条件和交波导传输特性分析的结果。Ｘ型光分支器的实现为进下Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ光开关和光电调制器积累了经验。     

Observation and identification of X－ray（0．3－30Bnm) multiple－order diffraction spectra

ＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＸ－ｒａｙ（０．３－３０ｎｍ）ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ－ｏｒｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓｐｅｃｔｒａＦＥＮＧＸ．Ｐ；ＨＯＵＸ．Ｂ；ＺＨＡＮＧＺ．Ｑ；ＸＵＺ．Ｚ．（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ...     

双脉冲驱动锗薄膜靶产生的等离子体XUV光谱

用１米掠入射光栅谱仪测量了在点聚焦和线聚焦两种打靶方式下，单脉冲或双脉冲驱动锗薄膜产生的等离子体ＸＵＶ光谱。并对测得结果进行了分析讨论。在点聚焦打靶条件下，等离子体发射的ＸＵＶ光谱主要为底衬材料发射的谱线，集中在小于１９ｕｍ的波长范围内。在靶长１０ｍｍ线聚焦打靶条件下，Ｇｅ等离子体谱线增多，出现了ＧｅＸＸⅢ３ｓ─３ｐＪ＝０－１和Ｊ＝２－１两条激光线。Ｃ离子的Ｈα线显著变强。     

HMO in study on diffraction-free beams

ＨＭＯ ｉｎ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｏｎ ｄｉｆｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ－ｆｒｅｅ ｂｅａｍｓ￥ＧＵＯＨｏｎｇ；ＬＩＮＴａｏ；ＷＡＮＧＧａｎｇ；ＤＥＮＧＸｉｍｉｎｇ（ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｎＨｉｇｈＰｏｗｅｒａｒｓｅｒａｎｄＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈ...     

CRT－LCLV and photorefractive crystl BSO based real－time joint transform correlator

ＣＲＴ－ＬＣＬＶａｎｄｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｃｒｙｓｔａｌＢＳＯｂａｓｅｄｒｅａｌ－ｔｉｍｅｊｏｉｎｔｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｏｒＦＵＸｉａｏｌｉ；ＬＩＹｕｌｉｎ；ＺＨＡＮＧＨａｉ；ＷＡＮＧＤａｙｏｎｇ（ＸｉａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...     

TIG焊焊缝X光照相异常图象形成机制的研究

采用X光照相检测GH163合金TIG(tungsten-inert-gasarcwelding)焊结构时,在胶片上发现焊缝中心有一黑线。本文通过X光偏转实验和光学金相对其形成机制进行了研究,并提出了防治措施。     

活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的光谱与热分析

针对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接过程,利用光谱分析方法对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧进行光谱分析,采用红外热像伪着色法测定活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧温度场,并建立活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧热流密度径向分布模型,对焊接电弧的成分及焊接电弧温度场进行了研究。研究结果表明,常规等离子焊焊接电弧以氩原子和氩一次电离离子的谱线为主,金属蒸气谱线不突出,焊接电弧以气体粒子为主,属于气体电弧;活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的光谱中氩原子及氩一次离子谱线的辐射强度增强,Ti,Cr,Fe金属谱线大量涌现;活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的温度分布比较紧凑,温度场外形窄,温度分布范围较集中,电弧径向温度梯度较大;电弧径向温度分布呈现正态Gauss分布模式。     

不同焊接位置对5A90铝锂合金激光焊接质量的影响(英)

针对铝锂合金激光焊接产生的成形不良和气孔缺陷,探究不同焊接位置对焊缝成形及气孔的影响,并对比分析不同焊接位置熔池受力状态、熔融金属流动和小孔动态行为,解释缺陷形成及其抑制机理。研究发现:不同焊接位置熔池受力状态和熔融金属流动决定焊缝成形。平焊时焊缝成形差、下榻严重;横焊时背面焊缝不连续,有飞溅;立向上焊时背面焊缝内凹严重;立向下焊可得到最优焊缝成形和最优的气孔缺陷。焊缝气孔受小孔动态行为影响,不同焊接位置气孔随热输入的变化规律一致,气孔先增后减,在仅熔池透状态下有气孔最大值。立上焊时小孔不稳定,焊缝气孔多且分布杂乱;立向下焊时小孔稳定性高,气孔最少,主要分布在焊缝中心线上。     

Approximate entropy a new statistic to quantify arc and welding process stability in short-circuiting gas metal arc welding

Based on the phase state reconstruction of welding current in short-circuiting gas metal arc welding using carbon dioxide as shielding gas, the approximate entropy of welding current as well as its standard deviation has been calculated and analysed to investigate their relation with the stability of electric arc and welding process. The extensive experimental and calculated results show that the approximate entropy of welding current is significantly and positively correlated with arc and welding process stability, whereas its standard deviation is correlated with them negatively. A larger approximate entropy and a smaller standard deviation imply a more stable arc and welding process, and vice versa. As a result, the approximate entropy of welding current promises well in assessing and quantifying the stability of electric arc and welding process in short-circuiting gas metal arc welding.     

Experimental study of temperature and clamping force during Nd:YAG laser butt welding

During welding, a high quality clamping device not only holds workpieces firmly together, but should also take the thermal strain of the welding heat without undermining the strength of the weld joint, inducing any excessive distortions, misalignment of workpieces or reducing the weld joint strength. This paper studies the clamping force during laser butt welding of steel workpieces. The clamping force and welding temperature for a butt welded joint during laser welding are measured simultaneously. The preset clamping force is varied during welding for different thicknesses of workpieces and weld joint strengths. The thermal expansion, cooling contraction, and workpiece width reduction during welding induce variations in the preset clamping force and consequently change the weld joint strength. Our study also reveals that there is an optimal preset clamping force that improves the weld joint strength significantly and the welding temperature during steady welding process remains unchanged for any preset clamping force.     

Influence of shielding gas pressure on welding characteristics in CO2 laser-MIG hybrid welding process

The droplet transfer behavior and weld characteristics have been investigated under different pressures of shielding gas in CO2 laser and metal inert/active gas (laser-MIG) hybrid welding process. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer frequency and stable welding range of conventional MIG arc are changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in laser-MIG hybrid welding process, and the shielding gas pressure has a crucial effect on welding characteristics. When the pressure of shielding gas is low in comparison with MIG welding, the frequency of droplet transfer decreases, and thedroplet transfer becomes unstable in laser-MIG hybrid welding. So the penetration depth decreases, which shows the characteristic of unstable hybrid welding. However, when the pressure of shielding gas increases to a critical value, the hybrid welding characteristic is changed from unstable hybrid welding to stablehybrid welding, and the frequency of droplet transfer and the penetration depth increase significantly.     

大功率盘形激光焊飞溅特征分析

焊接过程的在线监控是保证激光焊接质量的关键, 为此, 首先要找到焊接过程传感特征量变化规律以及与焊缝质量间的关系. 飞溅是大功率盘型激光焊接过程中的一个重要现象, 其特征与焊接质量、焊接过程稳定性以及能量利用率等有着密切的联系. 以大功率盘形激光焊接304不锈钢为试验对象, 研究焊接过程中的飞溅特征. 在紫外波段和可见光波段应用高速摄像机摄取焊接过程中产生飞溅的瞬态特征, 通过计算机图像处理技术分析飞溅的数量、面积、行程和质心高度特征参量. 以焊件熔宽作为衡量焊接质量与焊接过程稳定性的因素, 对飞溅特征量进行线性和高次拟合, 研究飞溅特征参量的波动规律, 并与焊件熔宽的变化对比, 探索焊接过程的飞溅特征参量变化规律. 试验结果表明, 根据飞溅特征量变化规律能够对大功率盘形激光焊接304不锈钢板焊接质量做出动态评估, 为实现焊接质量的在线监控提供了试验依据.     

Sheet metal welding using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser-robot

This paper presents a pulsed Nd: YAG laser-robot system for spot and seam welding of mild steel sheets. The study evaluates the laser beams behaviour for welding, and then investigates pulsed Nd: YAG laser spot and seam welding processes. High pulse power intensity is needed to initiate the key-hole welding process and a threshold pulse energy to reach full penetration. In seam welding, a weld consists of successive overlapping spots. Both high pulse energy and high average power are needed to keep the key-hole welding going. A 70% overlap is used to define overlapping spot welding as seam welding and to optimize process parameters because a high tensile strength joint compatible with the strength of the base material can be obtained when the overlap is ≥70%; at the same time a smooth seam with full penetration is obtained. In these cases, the joints in pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding are comparable in strength to those obtained with CO₂ laser welding. Robot positioning and motion accuracies can meet the demands of Nd: YAG laser sheet metal welding, but its cornering accuracy affects the welding processes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the YAG laser-robot system for production in the automotive industry.     

The use of Taguchi method to optimize the laser welding of sealing neuro-stimulator

Titanium has high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, excellent weldability and well biocompatibility. It is applied in various fields, such as medical and aerospace industry. Laser welding is major joint technology for titanium sealing in medical field. It is difficult for sealing thin titanium shell of the neuro-stimulator by laser lap welding. The key point for welding quality is the combination of laser welding parameters. In this paper, the effects of the Nd: YAG laser welding parameters is discussed and analyzed at first, and then a novel application of Taguchi's matrix method is proposed to optimize the selection of laser seal welding thin titanium shell, including the main parameters such as laser power, welding speed, defocusing amount and shield gas, finally the manufacture process for sealing neuro-stimulator is confirmed. The results show that Taguchi method has optimized process parameters of the laser welding on sealing thin titanium shell of the neuro-stimulator, and the device is equipped properly in medical treatments.     

5083铝合金光纤激光-TIG复合焊接工艺研究

采用IPG YLS-6000光纤激光器和Fronius MagicWave3000job数字化焊机,对4mm厚5083H116铝合金进行了复合焊接试验。研究了电源特性、电流大小和热源间距等工艺参数对光纤激光-钨极惰性气体保护焊(TIG)复合焊接焊缝成形的影响规律,并分析了焊接接头的缺陷、显微硬度及力学性能。结果表明,光纤激光-TIG复合焊接5083铝合金,能够明显改善焊缝成形,提高焊接过程稳定性,特别是与变极性TIG电弧复合效果更为显著;光纤激光与变极性TIG电弧复合焊接,采用激光在前的方式,电弧电流150A,且热源间距不大于4mm,可以得到具有明亮金属光泽和均匀鱼鳞纹的焊缝,焊缝无气孔和裂纹缺陷,其表面有少量的下凹;复合焊接接头抗拉强度为318MPa,达到母材强度的93%,延伸率为7.6%,高于单光纤激光焊接,断口分析为韧性断裂。