纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化C8直链烃转化的性能

 制备了粒径为20～50 nm的纳米HZSM-5催化剂,并采用XRF,TEM和NH3-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 以正辛烷和1-辛烯的芳构化和异构化为探针反应,研究了纳米HZSM-5催化剂的催化性能,并与微米HZSM-5催化剂(4～6 μm)进行比较. 考察了反应条件对纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化生成C7～C9芳烃和C4～C6异构烷烃选择性的影响,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨. 结果表明,纳米HZSM-5沸石具有晶粒小、微孔短、孔口多以及位于孔口和外表面的酸中心数量多、对大分子的烷基芳烃和异构烷烃等的扩散阻力小等特点,减小了积炭对纳米HZSM-5沸石上芳构化、烷基化和异构化反应的影响,比微米HZSM-5沸石具有更好的芳构化、异构化性能和稳定性,烃类可通过芳构化、异构化和烷基化等反应途径转化为高辛烷值的异构烷烃和芳烃. 在p=0.1 MPa,θ=370 ℃和WHSV=2 h-1的条件下,纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化正辛烷和1-辛烯转化的产物中,异构烷烃和芳烃的总产率分别为88%和93%,C4～C6异构烷烃和C7～C9芳烃的选择性分别达到80%和70%以上. 正辛烷和1-辛烯在不同晶粒大小HZSM-5催化剂上的反应遵循正碳离子反应机理.     

纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化烃类转化反应

制备了纳米(20~50 nm)HZSM-5催化剂, 用XRF, TEM和NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 以正辛烷及苯和正辛烷混合物的转化为模型反应, 研究了单烃和混合烃在纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的转化行为, 考察了反应条件对产物分布的影响. 结果表明, 纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂具有很强的烃类转化能力, 烃类通过芳构化、 异构化和烷基化等反应转化为高辛烷值的异构烷烃和芳烃, 产物中异构烷烃(C4~C6)和芳烃的质量分数超过90%. 直链烷烃转化为芳烃以生成苯环为主, 混合烃转化为芳烃以苯和小分子烃的烷基化为主. 控制反应条件可抑制苯和C+9芳烃的生成. 产物分析结果表明, 烃类在纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的裂解、芳构化和异构化等遵循正碳离子机理.     

HZSM-5沸石的酸性和芳构化活性研究

较系统地研究了质子化方法、硅铝比、焙烧温度和水热处理条件对HZSM-5沸石的酸性和芳构化活性的影响,比较了不同方法合成的ZSM-5芳构化性能。结果表明:用直接法合成的ZSM-5氢型的芳构化活性较高,且Si/Al 越低,芳构化活性越高。质子化方法对HZSM-5芳构化活性影响不大。B酸量和L酸量均随HZSM-5的Si/Al降低而增加,酸性羟基的稳定性则随Si/Al增加而提高。红外光谱上以1547cm~(-1)表征的B酸量和以3610cm~(-1)表征的羟基量随HZSM-5的焙烧温度升高而近似平行地下降。L 酸量则随焙烧温度升高开始增加,然后迅速下降。水热处理在一定的温度和水汽量范围内,对HZSM-5的酸强度分布和芳构化活性影响不大,超过这个范围,酸性和活性迅速降低。Si-OH-Al 基酸强度不均匀,将最强B酸与芳构化活性相关联,表明最强B酸位是HZSM-5芳构化的活性中心。     

纳米HZSM-5沸石的骨架热稳定性及其作为催化剂的可再生性

采用高温焙烧和积炭失活-空气烧炭再生方法研究了纳米ZSM-5沸石的骨架热稳定性和用纳米HZSM-5沸石制成的芳构化催化剂的再生重复使用性能,还采用XRD、TG、FTIR、NH3-TPD和N2物理吸附,以及C4液化气固定床临氢芳构化反应对沸石和催化剂样品的物化性质作了表征.结果表明:纳米ZSM-5沸石具有良好的骨架热稳定性,在马弗炉的静止空气气氛中恒温焙烧800℃时仍可保持骨架结构.纳米HZSM-5型芳构化催化剂在C4液化气固定床临氢芳构化反应中不但活性稳定性好,而且可以再生重复使用,具有很高的工业应用价值.     

水蒸气存在时Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上的甲烷芳构化反应性能

研究了水蒸气存在条件下Mo/HZSM-5沸石分子筛催化剂上的甲烷芳构化反应行为,发现水蒸气的引入可以明显地降低甲烷芳构化反应的起始温度,从而在较为温和的条件下实现甲烷的活化.适量水蒸气的加入可以在一定程度上改善Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的稳定性,过量水蒸气的引入则会抑制甲烷芳构化反应.在反应温度为973 K时,引入适量的水蒸气对芳构化反应产物的分布没有明显影响在低温条件下的甲烷芳构化反应过程中检测到有乙烯生成,该结果支持了甲烷芳构化反应可能经历了乙烯这一中间产物的机理.实验结果还表明,水蒸气对催化剂上的积炭量没有明显的影响.     

N掺杂Mo/HZSM-5催化剂制备及对甲烷无氧芳构化催化性能影响

采用三聚氰胺作为N源,N掺杂改性HZSM-5沸石分子筛后负载Mo活性金属组分,制备了一种用于甲烷无氧芳构化反应(MDA)的催化剂.采用XPS、N2吸附-脱附、XRD、H2-TPR、TEM和NH3-TPD对催化剂性质和Mo金属组分状态进行了分析表征,并考察了催化剂的甲烷无氧芳构化反应催化性能.结果表明,HZSM-5经过N...     

甲醇与丙烯在HZSM-5上的吸附及催化机理研究

用红外光谱、氘交换及脉冲催化反应综合考察了甲醇与丙烯在HZSM-5型沸石上的吸附及催化转化。发现甲醇在<120℃下抽空活化的HZSM-5上吸附时,在一些强质子酸中心有甲氧基生成,而室温下甲醇是以分子间氢键缔合成多聚物的形式吸附在HZSM-5表面上。丙烯在该沸石上强质子酸中心吸附时,双键立即被打开,生成正碳离子。丙烯芳构化和烷基化等都属正碳离子机理。最后讨论了甲醇在反应条件下于HZSM-5上催化转化成汽油的反应机理。     

碳四烃在改性HZSM-5分子筛上芳构化研究

研究了炼厂混合C_4烃在Zn、Ga、Cr、La改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的芳构化反应,采用TPD和IR测定了催化剂的表面酸性质。结果表明,用Zn(3%)和Zn(2%)Ga(1%)改性的HZSM-5分子筛具有较好的芳构化性能;各改性HZSM-5分子筛催化剂芳构化性能变化与表面酸性有关,总酸量下降,芳构化活性下降,强B酸中心减少,深度裂解反应减少;Zn的单组分和双组分改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂芳构化活性的增高与表面强L酸浓度增加和吡啶吸附IR谱中的1615cm~(-1)吸收峰出现有关。     

改性纳米ZSM-5催化剂上正辛烷转化反应的研究

以纳米晶粒HZSM-5(20~50 nm)沸石为活性组分, 用碱性介质水热处理、 负载混合稀土和ZnO(或GaO)组合改性方法对纳米HZSM 5分子筛进行改性, 并用TEM， XRF， IR及XRD等手段对催化剂进行表征. 以正辛烷的芳构化和异构化为模型反应, 研究了改性纳米ZSM 5催化剂总酸和酸强度分布、 L/B酸位比例对正辛烷异构化和芳构化反应性能的影响以及催化剂酸强度、 L/B酸位比例与催化剂稳定性和积炭的关系. 结果表明, 碱性介质水热处理和混合稀土改性后, 总酸量减少和酸强度降低导致纳米HZSM-5催化剂的芳构化活性减弱, 异构化活性增强, 稳定性明显提高. 在碱性介质水热处理和负载混合稀土改性的基础上, 再负载适量氧化锌(或氧化镓)改性的催化剂， 总酸量增加, 强酸中心数量减少, B酸略有减少, 而L酸明显增加, L/B酸位比值增加. L酸中心和B酸中心的协同作用和较合适的L/B(1.4~1.7)比值使改性的纳米ZSM-5催化剂保持了较强的和稳定的芳构化和异构化活性, 催化剂积炭失活速率降低. 芳烃和异构烷烃产率分别达到约50%和30%, 高辛烷值的烷基芳烃(C7~C9)和异构烷烃(C4~C6)的选择性分别达到84%和80%.     

Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷芳构化反应行为的改善-催化剂制备因素及反应物添加剂的考察

考察了6Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的不同制备因素对其甲烷芳构化反应性能的影响,包括甲烷气氛下以不同的程序升温速率(从600℃到700℃)预还原催化剂,及采用热溶液(70～80℃)浸渍制备催化剂等方法.在t=700℃,P=0.1MPa,SV=1500mL/(g-cat·h)的反应条件下,发现适当的程序升温速率预还原和热溶液浸渍制备等方法可以改善6Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的甲烷芳构化反应性能,提高催化剂的反应活性及稳定性.同时还考察了1.5%二甲醚作为反应物添加剂在不同反应温度、不同Mo担载量的HZSM-5催化剂上的甲烷芳构化反应性能,并与CO2,H2O的反应结果进行了对比.实验结果表明,在P=0.1MPa,SV=1500mL/(g-cat·h)的反应条件下,较高的反应温度及适量增加催化剂Mo担载量有利于进一步改善1.5%二甲醚/甲烷共进料情况下的芳构化反应行为;反应6h后催化剂的TEM照片显示,二甲醚与甲烷共进料改变了催化剂上积碳的形貌.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.