Terpenoids of the rhizomes ofRhodiola rosea

The structures of two new monoterpene compounds isolated from the rhizomes ofRhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) have been established: 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,4-diol (rosiridol) and 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,4-diol 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (rosiridin). Daucosterol has been isolated from the rhizomes of this plant for the first time.     

Terpenoids ofFerula lapidosa

The chemical compositions of the roots ofFerula lapidosa Korov from two growth sites have been studied, and an analysis of literature information has shown a dependence of the chemical composition of the plant on the growth site. A biogenetic interrelationship between germacrane, humulane, and carotane sesquiterpenoids is proposed.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 799–800, November–December, 1993.     

Terpenoids ofPinus funebris

The complete chemical composition of the oleoresin of the Chinese pine growing in the Far East has been studied. It has been shown that the main components of the monoterpenes are -pinene, -phellandrene, and -terpineol. The sesquiterpenes contain longifolene and compounds related to it. The oleoresin of the Chinese pine is distinguished by a high content of diterpene cembrane compounds. Among the resin acids, dehydroabietic acid predominates (42.4%).Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 444–448, July–August, 1984.     

Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedineii, No. 5, pp. 643–646, September–October, 1993.     

Terpenoids of the oleoresins ofPinus pityusa andP. eldarica

The chemical composition of the oleoresins of the pinesPinus pityusa andP. eldarica growing in the Caucasus has been studied. In relation to the amounts of the main components, the oleoresins of these species are similar. Characteristic for their resins is a high content of caryophyllene. Diterpenoids are represented mainly by tricyclic compounds, among which pimarinol and isopimarinol and methyl 15-hydroxydehydroabietate predominate.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. I. G. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, Tbilisi. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 316–320, May–June, 1982.     

Phytoconstituents from the rhizomes of Curcuma aromatica Salisb.

Phytochemical investigation of the chloroform extract of the rhizomes of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (Zingiberaceae) yielded three new phytoconstituents characterized as n-heneitriacontan-14-one; n-pentatriacontan-5-one; 11α-cyclopentyl-n-decan-1-ol (curcumapentadecanol) along with the known compounds stigmasterol and n-nonacosan-1-ol. The structures of these phytoconstituents have been elucidated on the basis of structural data analysis and chemical reactions.     

Composition of the essential oil ofSalvia garedzhii. Terpenoids and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons

The composition of the terpenoid and sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction ofSalvia garedzhii has been studied by chromato-mass spectrometry. A total of 19 compounds have been identified and a provisional assignment of another 6 components has been made.K. A. Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 720–722, November–December, 1984.     

Bisabocurcumin, a new skeleton curcuminoid from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L.

A new skeleton bisabolane-type sesquiterpene curcuminoid,bisabocurcumin(1),along with 5 known compounds,curcumin(2), demethoxycurcumin(3),bidemethoxycurcumin(4),(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-penta-1,4-dien-3-one(5),and (1E,4E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy phenyl-)-penta-1,4-dien-3-one(6)were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L.Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.Bisabocurcumin(1) is firstly obtained from nature with a new skeleton combined by a bisabolane-type sesquiterpene and a 1,7-diphenylheptanoid through a C-C bond.     

Terpenoids from the liverwort Chandonanthus hirtellus

A new bicyclogermacrane sesquiterpenoid, two new cembrane diterpenoids and five new dolabellane diterpenoids, along with known terpenoids, have been isolated from the Malaysian liverwort Chandonanthus hirtellus. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods in addition to X-ray crystallographic studies.     

Rhodioloside fromRhodiola rosea andRh. quadrifida. I

Summary 1.Rh. quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey has yielded a new glycoside which has been called rhodioloside and for which the structure of the -D-glucopyranoside of -(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol has been established.2. Rhodioloside is also present inRh. rosea L.3. -(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol, which is the aglycone of the glucoside isolated, has been obtained from both plants.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 244–249, 1967     

Benzocoumarins from the rhizomes of Juncus acutus

Investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of Juncus acutus rhizomes revealed seven benzocoumarins, probably derived from oxidation of phenanthrenes already isolated from the plant. The structures were determined by means of spectroscopic methods. The anti-algal activity of the isolated compounds tested on the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata are reported here.     

Optimization of radiation treatment of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes using response surface methodology

The effects of pre-irradiation storage time (7–21 days), radiation dose (0–75 Gy) and post-irradiation storage time (2–20 weeks) on sprouting, wrinkling and weight loss of ginger was investigated using a central composite rotatable design. Predictive models developed for all three responses were highly significant. Weight loss and wrinkling decreased as pre-irradiation storage time increased. Dose and post-irradiation storage time had significant interactive effects on weight loss and sprouting. Processing conditions for achieving minimal sprouting resulted in maximum weight loss and wrinkling.     

Gamma radiation, cold and four different wrappings to preserve ginger rhizomes, Zingiber officinallis Roscoe

After irradiating with a single dose of 50 Gy, ginger rhizomes were dipped into paraffin for coating, wrapped in a plastic film of low-density polyethylene, on perforated or non-perforated polivinyl chloride film, and compared with non-wrapping and non-irradiation as the controls. After treatments the rhizomes were maintained refrigerated at 13°C and 80% relative humidity. As a main result it could be observed that dipping into paraffin and wrapping with plastics resulted in smaller weight loss of the rhizomes.