Effect of interaction between AC electric field and phonon oscillation of metal cluster on tip-growth of carbon nanotube

The paper reports effect of interaction between AC electric field and metal cluster sitting at tip end of the carbon nanotube (CNT) on CNT tip-growth in CVD theoretically. For this purpose, a theoretical model based on phonon oscillations of the metal catalyst and influence of AC electric field on these oscillations is presented. Results show that there is an optimum AC electric field which optimizes growth of ultra-long CNTs. Then it is demonstrated that, in comparison with CNTs in the absence of field, CNTs under optimum electric field grow more. In addition, relation between optimum temperature and amplitude of AC electric field is investigated and it is shown that increasing electric field leads to higher optimum temperature. Finally, Investigation of effect of catalyst type on optimum electric field demonstrates the optimum field for various catalysts is different due to their different characteristics including van der Waals interaction with carbon, atomic mass and number of free charge carriers per each atom. All results are discussed and interpreted.     

失谐量对多模场非简并多光子Jaynes-Cummings模型量子场熵演化的影响

利用Von Neumann约化熵理论研究了多模相干态场与二能级原子非简并多光子相互作用系统中量子场熵的时间演化特性,得到了含有失谐量的多模场熵的解析表达式,并通过数值计算讨论了光场为三模场时频率失谐量对场熵演化的影响.结果发现：当近共振时,失谐量几乎不影响场与原子之间的纠缠特性;而当远离共振时,量子场熵很强地依赖于失谐量的大小,特别是当失谐量足够大时,场与原子几乎总是处于纠缠态.     

Localization of the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of gold nanoparticles: Surface modification of different substrates

Theoretical predictions and experimental results for nanosized modification of metal (Au), semiconductor (Si), or dielectric (soda lime glass) substrates using near-electromagnetic field enhancement in the vicinity of gold nanoparticles are presented. The near field properties for the system consisting of an isolated gold nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate deposited on the substrates, which is irradiated by electromagnetic wave, are investigated using Finite Difference Time Domain Simulation technique. The influence of the substrate material on the near field distribution characteristics is predicted. The results reveal that the field on the substrate surface is enhanced in the three investigated cases, but its spatial distribution and magnitude depend on the substrate material. In the case of the metal and semiconductor substrate the enhanced near field is strongly localized in the vicinity of the contact point with the particle, in an area with diameter smaller than the particle's one. The intensity of the enhanced field on the glass is more than an order of magnitude lower than the case of using silicon substrate. The properties of the near field on the substrate surface also depend on the particle arrangement. For a two-dimensional gold nanoparticle array, when the particles are closely arrayed, the intensity of the enhanced field on the substrate surface is minimal. With the increase of the interparticle distance the near field intensity increases. The validity of the obtained theoretical results is confirmed experimentally.     

Influence of DC electric field on the Lennard-Jones potential and phonon vibrations of carbon nanotube on catalyst

Influence of DC electric field on carbon nanotube (CNT) growth in chemical vapor deposition is studied. Investigation of electric field effect in van der Waals interaction shows that increase in DC electric field raises the magnitude of attractive term of the Lennard-Jones potential. By using a theoretical model based on phonon vibrations of CNT on catalyst, it is shown that there is an optimum field for growth. Also it is observed that CNT under optimum electric field is longer than CNT in the absence of field. Finally, the relation between optimum DC electric field and type of catalyst is investigated and for some intervals of electric field, the best catalyst is introduced, which is very useful for experimental researches.     

Experimental investigation of the effect of magnetic field on temperature and temperature profile of diffusion flame using circular grating Talbot interferometer

The effect of magnetic field on temperature and temperature profile of diffusion flame is investigated by using circular grating Talbot interferometer. Talbot interferometric fringes are recorded for diffusion flame generated by butane torch burner, in the absence of magnetic field, in the presence of uniform magnetic field, upward-decreasing and upward-increasing magnetic field. Analysis of recorded interferogram reveals that the temperature of the flame is increased under the influence of the upward-decreasing magnetic field and flame temperature is decreased under the influence of upward-increasing magnetic field. Uniform magnetic field has a negligible effect on temperature of the flame.     

重力场和强磁场中费米气体的热力学性质

基于半经典近似,研究重力场和强磁场共存下费米气体的热力学性质,通过理论解析和数值模拟分析强磁场背景下重力场对系统热力学性质的影响.研究表明:与单纯强磁场相比,重力场的引入使能量及化学势都降低.随温度的上升,重力场对化学势的影响逐渐放大;对热容的影响有极大值.重力场使系统的热容随磁场的振荡几乎不变、使化学势的振荡中心下移.     

Domain structure of graphene with Hubbard interaction under conditions of emergence of a spontaneous transverse field

It is demonstrated that, when an external static electric field is applied to graphene with Hubbard interaction between electrons, an electric field perpendicular to the applied field can spontaneously arise. The characteristics of the spontaneous field, depending on the parameters of the problem, are determined. Based on the proposed synergetic potential, the domain structure is examined.     

The influence of electric field on the photodetachment of H- near a metal surface

The influence of electric field on the photodetachment of H-near a metal surface is investigated based on the closed-orbit theory.It is found that the photodetachment of H-near a metal surface is not only related to the electric field strength but also to the electric field direction.If the electric field is along the +z axis,it can strengthen the oscillation in the photodetachment cross section.However,if the electric field is along the -z axis,since the direction of electric field force is opposite to that of static-image force caused by the metal surface,the situation becomes much more complicated.When the electric field is very weak,its influence can be neglected.The photodetachment cross section is nearly the same as that when a single metal surface exists.When the electric field strength is strong enough,the electric field force is able to counteract the metallic attraction,therefore no closed orbit is formed.If the electric field continues to increase until its influence becomes dominant,the photodetachment cross section approaches the case of the photodetachment of H- in an electric field.Our results may be useful for guiding future experimental studies on the photodetachment of negative ions near surfaces.     

高能等离子体入射对磁场膨胀影响的模拟研究（已撤稿）

采用三维模型，使用混合网格质点法对等离子体入射偶极子磁场产生的磁场膨胀进行数值模拟.在模拟中考虑了高能等离子体注入两种不同类型磁场的情况：等离子体注入没有背景磁场的偶极子磁场和等离子体注入有背景磁场的偶极子磁场.研究表明背景磁场的存在不仅改变了粒子的分布，还改变了磁场膨胀的程度.还研究了注入的高能等离子体的速度对磁场膨胀的影响，结果表明入射的高能等离子体速度越大，磁场膨胀的程度就越大.对于低的入射速度，入射粒子在偶极子磁场中的回旋半径与偶极子磁场的特征长度相比较小，粒子被磁场束缚，对偶极子磁场的影响可以忽 关键词： 网格质点法 磁场膨胀 偶极子磁场     

斯塔克效应对两模双光子J-C模型腔场谱的影响

研究了斯塔克(Stark)效应对两模双光子Jaynes-Cummings(J-C)模型腔场谱的影响,推导计算出了腔场处于光子数态时腔场谱的计算公式和数值结果,讨论了斯塔克效应和初始场强对腔场谱的影响。发现斯塔克效应在弱场条件下对腔场谱线的频率和强度都有明显的影响,破坏了谱结构的对称性,使两模的谱线更加丰富。初始场较强时斯塔克效应对谱线的影响较弱。模Ⅰ为真空场、模Ⅱ初始场强递增时,斯塔克效应使模Ⅱ的高频峰受到较强的抑制作用,其低频峰在初始场较弱时受到抑制,初始场较强时又有强化作用,初始场更强时,模Ⅱ的谱线退化为经典的共振荧光谱,与无斯塔克效应的情况基本相同。     

Phase field simulation of single bubble behavior under an electric field

Based on the Cahn-Hilliard phase field model, a three-dimensional multiple-field coupling model for simulating the motion characteristics of a rising bubble in a liquid is established in a gas-liquid two-phase flow. The gas-liquid interface motion is simulated by using a phase-field method, and the effect of the electric field intensity on bubble dynamics is studied without electric field, or with vertical electric field or horizontal electric field. Through the coupling effect of electric field and flow field, the deformation of a single rising bubble and the formation of wake vortices under the action of gravity and electric field force are studied in detail. The correctness of the results is verified by mass conservation, and the influences of different electric field directions and different voltages on the movement of bubbles in liquid are considered. The results show that the ratio of the length to axis is proportional to the strength of the electric field when the air bubble is stretched into an ellipsoid along the electric field line under the action of electrostatic gravity and surface tension. In addition, the bubble rising speed is affected by the electric field, the vertical electric field accelerates the bubble rise, and the horizontal direction slows it down.     

晶体级联方式的宽带三倍频方案分析

讨论了入射基频光频谱宽度、两块和频晶体失谐角对KDP晶体Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅱ类角度失谐级联方式的三倍频光功率谱分布的影响,分析了影响三倍频效率的因素。研究结果表明,第二块和频晶体得到的三倍频光的功率谱分布与基频光功率谱分布及失谐角有关,三倍频光频谱宽度近似为基频光的3倍,采用该方案的三倍频可有效抑制由于基频光时间相位调制导致的三倍频光强随时间分布的不均匀,并能有效提高大带宽条件下的三倍频转换效率。同时,采用该方案的三倍频,对级联的两块和频晶体厚度及失谐角调整精度要求不高,在实验上有很大的可操作性。     

纠缠双原子对场熵压缩特性的影响

研究了相干态光场与纠缠双原子相互作用系统中场熵的压缩性质,借助于数值计算,讨论了双原子纠缠度及光场强度对场熵压缩的影响。所得结果表明,双原子初态的纠缠度对压缩的持续时间和压缩深度具有决定性的影响。当双原子初始时刻处于最大纠缠态时,场熵具有较大的压缩深度和较长的压缩时间。初始光场强度对场熵的压缩深度和压缩时间也具有显著的影响。光场愈弱,场熵的压缩性愈好。     

四能级原子系统中电磁感应吸收的相位控制

在以三个电偶极跃迁构成简并N型四能级系统中,利用密度矩阵方程计算了介质对探测场的吸收,研究了激光场拉比相位对吸收的影响.结果表明:介质对探测场的吸收和放大取决于控制场和信号场的拉比相位,且吸收和放大随控制场、信号场的拉比相位改变而作周期性变化,周期为2π;而探测场的拉比相位变化对吸收没有影响.同时,控制场、信号场拉比相位对吸收的影响是相同的,而且拉比相位主要影响原子相干,对原子布居影响不大.     

Interaction of a magnetic vortex with the probe field of a magnetic force microscope

The interaction of a magnetic vortex in a circular ferromagnetic nanoparticle with the probe field of a magnetic force microscope (MFM) is theoretically investigated. In the calculations, the probe field is approximated by the point dipole field. The rigid magnetic vortex model is used to describe the vortex state of magnetization. It is found that the effect of the probe field on the rigid magnetic vortex shell is similar to the effect of a uniform magnetic field parallel to the particle plane. The effect of the Z component of the probe field on the core of the vortex results in mutual probe-vortex attraction or repulsion. It is shown that the magnetization direction of the core of the vortex in the MFM probe field can be changed without a change in the shell vorticity direction.     

晶体级联方式的宽带三倍频方案分析

 讨论了入射基频光频谱宽度、两块和频晶体失谐角对KDP晶体Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅱ类角度失谐级联方式的三倍频光功率谱分布的影响,分析了影响三倍频效率的因素。研究结果表明,第二块和频晶体得到的三倍频光的功率谱分布与基频光功率谱分布及失谐角有关,三倍频光频谱宽度近似为基频光的3倍,采用该方案的三倍频可有效抑制由于基频光时间相位调制导致的三倍频光强随时间分布的不均匀,并能有效提高大带宽条件下的三倍频转换效率。同时,采用该方案的三倍频,对级联的两块和频晶体厚度及失谐角调整精度要求不高,在实验上有很大的可操作性。     

超导磁体剩余磁场对软磁材料测试的影响

超导磁体体积小,能够获得强磁场,磁场稳定度、均匀度很高,因此,在磁学测量设备中应用很广泛.美国Quantum Design公司的高精度磁学测量系统采用的就是超导磁体,最高磁场能够达到7 T.由于超导磁体材料本身缺陷的钉扎作用,在磁体退磁后,磁体内部有剩余磁场,有时能够大于30 Oe.由此产生的磁场误差将导致测试的矫顽力、剩磁等数据不准确,甚至导致反向的磁滞回线.设置的磁场初始值不同,剩余磁场的大小也不同;初始磁场越大,剩余磁场越大.这种剩余磁场效应在软磁材料测试过程中表现得尤为明显,产生的测试误差不可忽略,必须进行磁场误差修正才能得到正确的结果.本文阐明了超导磁体产生剩余磁场的原因、影响因素和规律,详述了测试软磁材料可能遇到的问题,并给出解决方法.     

Modification of field-emission currents from tungsten by external magnetic fields

Experimental work is described on the changes produced by an external magnetic field on field emission currents from tungsten needles held at helium temperatures. A steady decrease with field above a critical field is reported together with oscillatory variations of the order of 10 – 15%.     

光场与V型三能级原子依赖强度耦合系统场熵的演化特性

研究了光场与V型三能级原子依赖强度耦合系统场熵的演化特性,讨论了单光子跃迁失谐量和初始光子数对场熵演化的影响. 研究结果表明,当失谐量比较小且初始光场较弱时,场熵的时间演化行为与单光子Jaynes-Cummings模型相似; 当失谐量足够大或初始光场足够强时,场熵的时间演化表现出类似于双光子Jaynes-Cummings模型中场熵演化的周期性.     

外加电场对光折变高阶响应影响的微扰分析

应用微扰展开法了“跳跃模型”给出了空间电荷场前三阶分量随时间，外加电场等变化的解析表达式，同时讨论了外加电场对各阶空间电荷场建立的影响，当扩散与外加电场可比拟时，外加电场对空间电荷场的影响不大，随着空间电荷场阶数的提高，其达到最大饱和值所需的外加电磁越小，在外加电场作用下，空间电荷场各阶分量随时间呈振荡衰减，直到达到饱和，外加是场越大，振荡越强烈，周期越短，在考虑高阶分量的贡献后，空间电荷场的振荡