超导与规范对称性,希格斯机制与希格斯粒子——电磁学与电动力学中的超导Ⅱ

本文是文献[1]和[2]联合的后继文章,在文中我们依据电磁学和电动力学中的麦克斯韦方程组建立了有质量光子导致导体中的超导现象这一事实的规范不变描写,文献[1]的结果是目前理论选取洛伦兹规范的特殊情形.我们发现在这种规范不变的理论中存在一个零质量的标量场,它可以和规范势的纵向分量相互转化.这正是文献[2]所介绍的2013年诺贝尔物理学奖中著名的希格斯机制,即规范粒子吃掉Goldstone玻色子而产生纵向分量,因而获得质量.这个新引进的零质量标量场对应量子场论中激发Goldstone玻色子的标量场,它可以被看成是一个更一般的两分量复标量场的相角分量.而此推广的复标量场的常数模分量可以被看成是另一个动力学场——希格斯场的真空期望值.希格斯场的激发是希格斯粒子,即所谓上帝的粒子;而光子的质量则起源于希格斯场的真空期望值.     

A fourth generation neutrino with a standard Higgs scalar solves both the solar neutrino and dark matter problems

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) can solve both the solar neutrino and dark matter problems. In this paper we show that a fourth generation Dirac neutrino with mass between 4–10 GeV, in conjunction with the standard, albeit light, Higgs with mass of order 400 MeV, is a candidate WIMP. We describe both the astrophysical and particle physics consequences of this new WIMP.     

Experimental consequences and constraints for magninos

A stable weakly interacting massive particle can simultaneously solve both the solar neutrino and missing mass problems. In a previous paper we have identified this particle with a neutral lepton with mass of order 4–10 GeV and an anomalous magnetic moment of order 10⁻² (in natural units). We call this new particle a “magnino”. In one scenario, the magnino is the neutral component of an electroweak doublet. Its charged partner must have a mass only a few GeV heavier. In this paper we discuss the experimental consequences of the magnino, its charged partner and associated Higgs.     

Abelian Higgs model with a Chern-Simons term in 3-dimensional gravitation

We consider the Abelian Higgs model with a Chern-Simons term coupled to the Einstein theory of gravitation in 3-dimensional space-time. We seek a finite solution, regular everywhere, having a stationary, cylindrically symmetric metric. We analyze these field equations and we suggest that such a solution exists. We find that the asymptotic metric of this solution corresponds to that which describes gravitationally a massive particle with spin. We obtain explicitly the expression of the spin. We give only the expression of the mass in the first order with respect to the gravitational coupling constant.     

A Definition of Time

We present a definition of time based on a particle’s interaction with the Higgs field. Just as a particle acquires mass by interacting with the Higgs field our model proposes that time is acquired via the energy of virtual particles participating in the quantum exchange interactions with Higgs particles. We show that, for macroscopic time, this definition accords with the Lorentz transformation of special relativity. The research of the authors was supported by NSERC grants.     

Conformal invariance and the Higgs boson mass in the Weinberg-Salam theory with gravitational mechanism of instability

The assumption that the Higgs scalar field equation is conformally invariant leads to new features of the unified gauge theories including classical gravitation. Both the self-consistent approach and the external curved space-time method are discussed here. The purpose is to compute the upper and lower bounds on the mass of the stable Higgs particle. Also an attempt to obtain a discrete mass spectrum at classical level was made.     

Vector WIMP miracle

Weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) is well known to be a good candidate for dark matter, and it is also predicted by many new physics models beyond the standard model at the TeV scale. We found that, if the WIMP is a vector particle (spin-one particle) which is associated with some gauge symmetry broken at the TeV scale, the Higgs mass is often predicted to be 120–125 GeV, which is very consistent with the result of Higgs searches recently reported by ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider experiment. In this Letter, we consider the vector WIMP using a non-linear sigma model in order to confirm this result as general as possible in a bottom-up approach. Near-future prospects to detect the vector WIMP at both direct and indirect detection experiments of dark matter are also discussed.     

On the Observation Effects of Higgs Particle in e+e—→bb Z0 and tt－Z0 at LEP Ⅱ and NLC

According to the Minimal Standard Model and the Extended Standard Model with two Higgs doublets, we calculated the total cross sections and differential cross sections for the e⁺e^—→bb Z⁰ and tt－Z⁰ at the LEP Ⅱ and NLC energies in order tO study the possible observational effects of the Higgs particle. We found that the observation for the e⁺e^—→bb Z⁰ can give the information on the Higgs particle as long as the mass of the Higgs particle M_H≤140GeV. However, for the e⁺e^—→tt－Z⁰ the effect from Higgs particle will be completely suppressed by the electrowead background and cannot be observed, no matter whether the Higgs particle is heavy or light.     

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of affine field theory

It is possible to construct non-Abelian field theories by gauging Kac-Moody algebras. Here we discuss the spontaneous symmetry breaking of such theories via the Higgs mechanism. If the Higgs particle lies in the Cartan subalgebra of the Kac-Moody algebra, the previously massless vectors acquire a mass spectrum that is linear in the Kac-Moody index and has additional fine structure depending on the associated Lie algebra.     

Is active gravitational mass equal to inertial mass?

It is possible, within the framework of general relativity, to define an active gravitational mass density of incoherent matter. It is not equal to the inertial mass density, except when at rest. The concept can be specialized to a single massive particle; again, its active gravitational mass is not equal to its inertial mass, except when it rests. A measurement of the impulse imparted to a test particle by a massive body passing nearby can establish the difference, and it may be possible to carry out this measurement in a laboratory. As a by-product of our computations we obtain a generalization to nonradial motion of the slowing-down effect in a Schwarzschild field.     

On the quantum field theoretic origin of a class of Brans-Dicke scalars

Within the context of a manifestly covariant massive Abelian gauge field model, it is demonstrated that a mass is genuinely compatible with the existence of a bonafide Goldstone boson. Some arguments have been placed to claim that this Goldstone boson may occupy a physical sector of the Hilbert space and as a consequence, at the zero momentum limit, is shown to connect the spectral measure to the bare coupling constant through the Higgs meson mass. It is conjectured that this Goldstone boson can be recognized to invoke a class of Brans-Dicke scalars of the scalar-tensor theory of gravitation.     

Higgs-field gravity

It is shown that any excited Higgs field mediates an attractive scalar gravitational interaction of Yukawa type between the elementary particles, which become massive by the ground state of the Higgs field.     

A classical analogue of Yukawa coupling: Presymplectic formalism

A unified treatment of Yang-Mills and Higgs fields in classical gauge theory is carried out in a general relativistic context. A presymplectic formalism for a spinless test particle dwelling in this background geometry is described. The mass of this particle is found to depend specifically upon its generalized isospin and the Higgs field. This mass generating process is very much reminiscent of the so-called Yukawa coupling in the (electro-weak) standard model. The space of motions (phase space) is constructed together with a set of generalized Wong equations. Comparison with the Marsden-Weinstein symplectic reduction procedure is achieved.Laboratoire Propre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LP 7061.     

Study of W Boson in a Magnetic Field Based upon Both Mass Operator and Effective Potential

A review of W boson properties in a constant magnetic field is given. The one-loop radiative corrections to the W boson mass operator and to the effective potential are taken into account simultaneously. The external field mass-shell equation and the Lorentz condition, which follows from it, also been considered with radiation effects included. The mass operator on the mass-shell in the weak and critical field limits is found and discussed. The critical field tachyon problem is investigated with regard to the radiative corrections. It is argued that the consistent treatment of the W boson in an external magnetic field crucially depends upon the value of the Higgs particle mass. The self consistency argument, related to the zero-charge situation in the critical field region, leads to an upper bound on the Higgs boson mass approximately equal to 280 GeV/c².     

Large hadron collider physics program: Compact muon solenoid experiment

The LHC physics program at CERN addresses some of the fundamental issues in particle physics and CMS experiment would concentrate on them. The CMS detector is designed for the search of Standard Model Higgs boson in the whole possible mass range. Also it will be sensitive to Higgs bosons in the minimal supersymmetric model and well adapted to searches for SUSY particles, new massive vector bosons, CP-violation in B-system, search for subtructure of quarks and leptons, etc. In the LHC heavy ion collisions the energy density would be well above the threshold for the possible formation of quark-gluon plasma.     

On the NLO QCD corrections to the production of the heaviest neutral Higgs scalar in the MSSM

We present a calculation of the two-loop top–stop–gluino contributions to Higgs production via gluon fusion in the MSSM. By means of an asymptotic expansion in the heavy particle masses, we obtain explicit and compact analytic formulas that are valid when the Higgs and the top quark are lighter than stops and gluino, without assuming a specific hierarchy between the Higgs mass and the top mass. Being applicable to the heaviest Higgs scalar in a significant region of the MSSM parameter space, our results complement earlier ones obtained with a Taylor expansion in the Higgs mass, and can be easily implemented in computer codes to provide an efficient and accurate determination of the Higgs production cross section.     

Non-anomalous discrete R-symmetry, extra matters, and enhancement of the lightest SUSY Higgs mass

We consider low-energy supersymmetric model with non-anomalous discrete R-symmetry. To make the R-symmetry non-anomalous, we add new particles to the particle content of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). Those new particles may couple to the Higgs boson, resulting in a significant enhancement of the lightest Higgs mass. We show that, in such a model, the lightest Higgs mass can be much larger than the MSSM upper bound; the lightest Higgs mass as large as 140 GeV (or larger) becomes possible.     

Top quark production from black holes at the CERN LHC

LHC is expected to be a top quark factory. If the fundamental Planck scale is near a TeV, then we also expect the top quarks to be produced from black holes via Hawking radiation. In this Letter we calculate the cross sections for top quark production from black holes at the LHC and compare it with the direct top quark cross section via parton fusion processes at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). We find that the top quark production from black holes can be larger or smaller than the pQCD predictions at NNLO depending upon the Planck mass and black hole mass. Hence the observation of very high rates for massive particle production (top quarks, Higgs or supersymmetry) at the LHC may be an useful signature for black hole production.     

Higgs-field gravity within the standard model

Within the framework of the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model it is shown that the Higgs field mediates an attractive scalar gravitational interaction of Yukawa type between the elementary particles which become massive by the ground state of the Higgs field after symmetry breaking.     

Renormalized soft-higgs theorems

The Higgs couplings to matter fields are proportional to their masses. Thus Higgs amplitudes can be obtained by differentiating amplitudes without Higgs with respect to masses. We show how this well-known statement can be extended to higher order when renormalization effects are taken into account. We establish the connection with the Callan-Symanzik and renormalization group equations and consider also pseudoscalar Higgs couplings to fermions. Furthermore, we address the case where the Higgs couples to a heavy particle that is integrated out from the low-energy effective Lagrangian. We derive effective interactions where mass logarithms are resummed by renormalization-group methods, and give expansions of the results up to next-to-leading order.