Efficient computation of the Gauss-Newton direction when fitting NURBS using ODR

We consider a subproblem in parameter estimation using the Gauss-Newton algorithm with regularization for NURBS curve fitting. The NURBS curve is fitted to a set of data points in least-squares sense, where the sum of squared orthogonal distances is minimized. Control-points and weights are estimated. The knot-vector and the degree of the NURBS curve are kept constant. In the Gauss-Newton algorithm, a search direction is obtained from a linear overdetermined system with a Jacobian and a residual vector. Because of the properties of our problem, the Jacobian has a particular sparse structure which is suitable for performing a splitting of variables. We are handling the computational problems and report the obtained accuracy using different methods, and the elapsed real computational time. The splitting of variables is a two times faster method than using plain normal equations.     

Curvature-Based Real-Time NURBS Surface Interpolator with Look-Ahead ACC/DEC Control

Real-time parametric surface interpolation is very useful in high-performance machining. A curvature-based NURBS surface interpolator with look-ahead acceleration/deceleration (ACC/DEC) control has been developed. The cutter contact (CC) paths are planned through iso-parametric line method. The CC feedrate profile is optimized using global flexible control strategy and local adaptive ACC/DEC optimization strategy according to the look-ahead algorithm. The real-time surface interpolation algorithm was programmed on Windows XP platform. The stability and efficiency of the proposed interpolation method were verified by a NURBS curve and a NURBS surface. It is shown that the proposed parametric interpolation algorithm can satisfy the high speed and high precision requirements of high-speed CNC systems.     

A General Hybrid Optimization Strategy for Curve Fitting in the Non-uniform Rational Basis Spline Framework

In this paper, a general methodology to approximate sets of data points through Non-uniform Rational Basis Spline (NURBS) curves is provided. The proposed approach aims at integrating and optimizing the full set of design variables (both integer and continuous) defining the shape of the NURBS curve. To this purpose, a new formulation of the curve fitting problem is required: it is stated in the form of a constrained nonlinear programming problem by introducing a suitable constraint on the curvature of the curve. In addition, the resulting optimization problem is defined over a domain having variable dimension, wherein both the number and the value of the design variables are optimized. To deal with this class of constrained nonlinear programming problems, a global optimization hybrid tool has been employed. The optimization procedure is split in two steps: firstly, an improved genetic algorithm optimizes both the value and the number of design variables by means of a two-level Darwinian strategy allowing the simultaneous evolution of individuals and species; secondly, the optimum solution provided by the genetic algorithm constitutes the initial guess for the subsequent gradient-based optimization, which aims at improving the accuracy of the fitting curve. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is proven through some mathematical benchmarks as well as a real-world engineering problem.     

Degree elevation of nurbs curves by weighted blossom

An algorithmic approach to degree elevation of NURBS curves is presented. The new algorithms are based on the weighted blossoming process and its matrix representation. The elevation method is introduced that consists of the following steps: (a) decompose the NURBS curve into piecewise rational Bézier curves, (b) elevate the degree of each rational Bézier piece, and (c) compose the piecewise rational Bézier curves into NURBS curve.     

以节点与权因子修改为基础的4阶NURBS受限形状控制

改变k阶NURBS曲线的节点,会产生一个单参数NURBS曲线族,该曲线族的包络是用相同控制顶点定义的k-a阶NURBS曲线,这里a是所改变的节点的重数.论文运用这项理论结果,提出了几种建立在修改一个节点与两个连续权因子基础上的4阶NURBS形状控制方法,该方法要受一定的位置与切线方向的约束.     

NURBS曲面的形状修改的一种方法

NURBS曲面是计算机辅助几何设计和计算机图形中最常用的参数曲面。本文采用NURBS曲面的齐次坐标表示，给出了通过控制顶点和权因子同时改变来修改NURBS曲面形状的一种方法。     

基于FETI的非协调等几何分析

基于非均匀有理B样条的等几何分析方法是一种无需网格划分的新的计算方法,旨在实现直接利用CAD模型进行分析,有望取代目前传统有限元技术．等几何分析已被成功应用在固体力学,流固耦合及拓扑优化等诸多领域．等几何分析方法要求CAD曲面或者实体高阶连续,而绝大多数CAD模型内多个曲面不但无法保持高阶连续,而且在公共界面处是几何非协调的．这一缺陷严重制约了等几何分析技术的进一步发展和应用．另外,由于采用高阶单元,等几何分析计算量较等自由度传统有限元要耗时．为解决这些难题,笔者在先前工作基础之上,提出了基于FETI方法的非协调等几何分析．新方法较以往的零空间解法更加快捷,适用于大规模数据的并行计算．数值算例表明本方法无需修改CAD模型,实施简单,精度满足要求,可处理复杂CAD模型．     

A planar cubic Bézier spiral

A planar cubic Bézier curve segment that is a spiral, i.e., its curvature varies monotonically with arc-length, is discussed. Since this curve segment does not have cusps, loops, and inflection points (except for a single inflection point at its beginning), it is suitable for applications such as highway design, in which the clothoid has been traditionally used. Since it is polynomial, it can be conveniently incorporated in CAD systems that are based on B-splines, Bézier curves, or NURBS (nonuniform rational B-splines) and is thus suitable for general curve design applications in which fair curves are important.     

NURBS曲线曲面拟合数据点的迭代算法

本文推广了文献[1]的结果,将文献[1]中关于B样条曲线曲面拟合数据点的迭代算法推广至有理形式,给出了无需求解方程组反求控制点及权因子即可得到拟合NURBS曲线曲面的迭代方法．该算法和文献[1]的算法本质上是统一的,而后者恰是前者的一种退化形式．文章还给出了收敛性证明以及一些定性分析．文末的数值实例说明该算法简单实用．     

Smooth polynomial approximation of spiral arcs

Constructing fair curve segments using parametric polynomials is difficult due to the oscillatory nature of polynomials. Even NURBS curves can exhibit unsatisfactory curvature profiles. Curve segments with monotonic curvature profiles, for example spiral arcs, exist but are intrinsically non-polynomial in nature and thus difficult to integrate into existing CAD systems. A method of constructing an approximation to a generalised Cornu spiral (GCS) arc using non-rational quintic Bézier curves matching end points, end slopes and end curvatures is presented. By defining an objective function based on the relative error between the curvature profiles of the GCS and its Bézier approximation, a curve segment is constructed that has a monotonic curvature profile within a specified tolerance.     

NURBS曲线保凸性质的几何证明

NURBS curves are convexity preserving, i.e. once the control polygon is convex, the associated NURBS curve will also be convex. In this paper this property is proved geometrically.     

Approximate merging of B-spline curves and surfaces

Applying the distance function between two B-spline curves with respect to the L2 norm as the approximate error, we investigate the problem of approximate merging of two adjacent B-spline curves into one B-spline curve. Then this method can be easily extended to the approximate merging problem of multiple B-spline curves and of two adjacent surfaces. After minimizing the approximate error between curves or surfaces, the approximate merging problem can be transformed into equations solving. We express both the new control points and the precise error of approximation explicitly in matrix form. Based on homogeneous coordinates and quadratic programming, we also introduce a new framework for approximate merging of two adjacent NURBS curves. Finally, several numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the algorithm.     

Two-view curve reconstruction based on the snake model

Reconstruction of 3D curves from their stereo images is an important issue in computer vision. Based on deformation of the snake model and NURBS representation, we evolve the curve in the view of inverse optimization to finish reconstruction. This manner can reduce the need of matching multi-view space curve projections, meanwhile improve the reconstruction precision. Considering that the 2D data reconstruction exists error inevitably, based on two cameras, a discussion on its influence to stereo reconstruction is given next. Finally, the proposed approach is experimented with artificial and real data, and gains a satisfying reconstruction effect.     

Shape reconstruction for the time‐dependent Navier‐Stokes flow

This article deals with the shape reconstruction of a bounded domain with a viscous incompressible fluid driven by the time‐dependent Navier‐Stokes equations. For the approximate solution of the ill‐posed and nonlinear problem we propose a regularized Newton method. A theoretical foundation for the Newton method is given by establishing the differentiability of the initial boundary value problem with respect to the interior boundary curve in the sense of the domain derivative. Numerical examples indicate the feasibility of our method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008     

Two-view curve reconstruction based on the snake model

Reconstruction of 3D curves from their stereo images is an important issue in computer vision. Based on deformation of the snake model and NURBS representation, we evolve the curve in the view of inverse optimization to finish reconstruction. This manner can reduce the need of matching multi-view space curve projections, meanwhile improve the reconstruction precision. Considering that the 2D data reconstruction exists error inevitably, based on two cameras, a discussion on its influence to stereo reconstruction is given next. Finally, the proposed approach is experimented with artificial and real data, and gains a satisfying reconstruction effect.     

Bounds on partial derivatives of NURBS surfaces

In this paper, we estimate the partial derivative bounds for Non-Uniform Rational B-spline(NURBS) surfaces. Firstly, based on the formula of translating the product into sum of B-spline functions, discrete B-spline theory and Dir function, some derivative bounds on NURBS curves are provided. Then, the derivative bounds on the magnitudes of NURBS surfaces are proposed by regarding a rational surface as the locus of a rational curve. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to elucidate how tight the bounds are.     

在几何和参数上表示同一条曲线的两条有理NURBS曲线的权与控制顶点之间的关系

The paper discusses the relationship between weights and control vertices of two rational NURBS curves of degree two or three with all weights larger than zero when they represent the same curve parametrically and geometrically, and gives sufficient and necessary conditions for coincidence of two rational NURBS curves in non-degeneracy case.