肺炎患儿发锌、铜及其与免疫功能的关系

为了解肺炎患儿微量元素与免疫功能的关系，测定了９６名肺炎患儿的发锌、铜和免疫球蛋白，并以９６名健康儿为对照组。结果表明：发锌低的儿童肺炎发病率高，可能与锌低使免疫功能下降有关。     

Cauchy relation in relaxing liquids

The Cauchy-like relation M(infinity) = A + BG(infinity) has recently been found to hold for the high frequency limit values of the longitudinal modulus M(infinity) and transverse modulus G(infinity) of viscoelastic liquids, with B approximately 3 in all the investigated systems. The Brillouin scattering results here reported for curing epoxy systems and thermal glass formers give evidence for the validity of a Cauchy-like relation M(') = A + BG(') for the real part of the elastic moduli measured at finite frequencies. Our results suggest as well the validity of a pure Cauchy relation DeltaM = 3 DeltaG for the relaxation strengths of longitudinal and shear moduli in relaxing liquids.     

Some aspects of the motion of chain segments in plasticized polyvinyl chloride. I. Dielectric relaxation of plasticized polyvinyl chloride

Analysis of results of experiments on dielectric relaxation of polyvinyl chloride plasticized with tricresyl phosphate and with dioctyl phthalate gives values for heats and entropies of activation for dielectric relaxation rather lower than have been published in the literature for lower frequency ranges. The discrepancy may be due to a variation of heat of activation with temperature. A theoretical relation has been derived for the variation of heat and entropy of activation of dielectric relaxation with plasticizer content. The temperature dependence of the secondary high frequency loss factor maximum in unplasticized PVC has been ascertained, and some aspects of the relation between electrical and mechanical relaxation times and the second-order transition point have been discussed.     

Transient Changes in Topology and Energy on Extension of Polybutadiene Networks

The theory of elasticity of polymer networks has been developed along two lines. The phenomenological approach leads to the Mooney-Rivlin relation between stress and extension ratio for uniaxial extension. The statistical theory of elasticity, based on a model for polymer molecules, predicts a similar relation with one of the constants zero. Actual elastic properties of rubbers do not agree fully with either theory.

Experimental results are reported obtained with quantitatively cured polybutadiene and polyisoprene vulcanizates. These data are near-equilibrium results through the use of a cyclic stress sequence which largely eliminates the influence of long-time creep. The dependence of the initial modulus and the parameters of the Mooney-Rivlin relation on the chemical nature and the degree of branching of the polymer, the type of cross-links, and temperature has been investigated. A possible relation between the energy component of the elastic force and one of the parameters is discussed.

These results as well as those in the literature refer to irreversible processes. It is proposed that this irreversibility results from friction accompanying slippage of chain entanglements. This mechanism is compatible with the observed dependences. It is concluded that the variation of elastic properties with elongation is due to changes in network topography.

Some observations are made on the topological changes of vulcanizate networks at very high elongations. Similarities are pointed out between reinforcement by stress crystallization and by addition of carbon black. The effect of blacks is attributed mainly to preferential adsorption on the carbon particles of short network chains which become overstressed at high deformation. On adsorption the kinetic energy of these particular chains will be dissipated in the form of heat of adsorption.

Examples are given of the applicability of F. Bueche's relation between extension of the sample and that of the elastomer matrix in a filled vulcanizate. This equation differs from that based on Einstein's relation for the viscosity of suspensions, which has been shown to be applicable in other filled rubbers. The difference between the two relations may be associated with the absence or presence of chemical bonding of elastomer to filler.

Network topography has an influence on the ultimate properties of vulcanizates. Polybutadiene samples in which the cross-links are single bonds break at lower elongation than those with equal concentrations of cross-links consisting of 18-atom chains.     

Crystal lattice energies of alkali metal halides

An empirical relation for crystal binding energy in terms of the valence level splitting of the anion and the radius of the cation has been proposed. The results are much closer to the experimental values and comparable with those obtained by different methods. The anomalously high binding energy of fluorides has been discussed.     

In situ investigation of laser ablation

The complex system of in situ diagnostic methods such as SEM, ballistic microbalance, electric probe and high speed photography is necessary for measurement of basic parameters of laser target interaction. Only the knowledge of these basic parameters allows the discussion of microscopical processes on the target surface by laser irradiation. The results are discussed for our synchronised double laser system and for aluminium target. The mass relation of atoms, ions and droplets emitted by the target was determined. This relation is the base of a complete energy balance of laser target interaction.     

In situ investigation of laser ablation

The complex system of in situ diagnostic methods such as SEM, ballistic microbalance, electric probe and high speed photography is necessary for measurement of basic parameters of laser target interaction. Only the knowledge of these basic parameters allows the discussion of microscopical processes on the target surface by laser irradiation. The results are discussed for our synchronised double laser system and for aluminium target. The mass relation of atoms, ions and droplets emitted by the target was determined. This relation is the base of a complete energy balance of laser target interaction.     

220例婴幼儿、学龄前儿童头发微量元素含量浅析

任意取城镇６个月－７岁男女儿童２２０例，取其枕意味着不测定Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ、Ｐｂ的含量，分年龄，怀别统计其正常值，非正常值发生率。结果发现，缺锌，中发生率与年龄有关，缺Ｃａ、高Ｃａ发生率与年龄，性别有关。     

电负性标度和电子亲和能的规律性研究II. 电子亲和能的规律性研究

本文研究了不同情形下, 绝对硬度η与~nt(r为轨道半径, n, I 为轨道的主量子数和角量子数)的关系, 并在前文提出的Z/~nl与Mulliken 电负性关系基础上, 将元素电子亲和能A同时与Z/~nl和~nl相关起来, 并表示成A=αZ/~nl+b~nb+c(a, b, c为常数)。我们研究了这种关系在周期表中各族及各过渡系的拟合结果, 不但计算值与电子亲和能的实验值非常吻合, 而且拟合的相关程度很高。本文方法为系统研究电子亲和能的变化规律提供了简单可行的途径。     

Pressure dependence of local structure in liquid carbon disulfide

High pressure x-ray diffraction measurements on liquid carbon disulfide up to 1.2 GPa are performed by using an energy dispersion method. The results are compared with a molecular dynamics calculation with usual Lennard-Jones potential. They give very good agreement for all pressures measured. It becomes clear that the liquid structure changes like hard core liquid up to the pressure just below crystallizing point. The relation between structural change and optical response at high pressure is discussed.     

The examination of bromine-containing fire retardants in unsaturated polyester resins by means of pyrolysis residue analysis

A method has been developed for following the bromine and weight losses of fire retarded UPE as a function of temperature. The results obtained by this method indicate that those bromine–containing fire retardants which exhibit a linear LOI–bromine concentration relation, the bromine concentration in the pyrolytically produced fuel remains more or less constant, while for those materials which deviate positively from the linear relation (that is they are more efficient), the bromine concentration in the fuel tends to peak at certain temperatures. When this effect is combined with variation in composition of the pyrolytic fuel, a situation can arise where a high bromine concentration coincides with a fuel particularly sensitive to flame quenching by bromine. Such a combined effect may be the reason why some brominated fire retardants are far more effective than others.     

高温超导体制备条件的人工神经网络识别

高温超导体的制备条件要求严格,其掺杂量大小、烧结温度控制等都直接影响实验样本的超导性质。近几年高温超导研究已积累大量实验数据,如何应用人工智能方法处理这些数据寻找更好的合成条件颇有意义。人工神经网络方法在许多领域己显示其处理复杂数据和模式识别的优越性,但尚未应用到化合物制备研究方面。本文对此作了初步尝试。     

Effects of protonation on the thermodynamic properties of alkyl dimethylamine oxides

The effects of protonation on alkyldimethyl amine oxide micelles are reviewed, mainly with regard to dodecyl and tetradecyl homologs. The topics discussed are hydrogen ion titration properties, critical micelle concentration (CMC), area per surfactant and micelle aggregation number. A hydrogen bond hypothesis is proposed to interpret the several characteristic results associated with protonation: between two cationic species as well as between the non-ionic-cationic pair. The dipole-dipole interaction of the non-ionic micelle is discussed in relation to both: (a) the unusually high CMC values of the non-ionic micelles compared with other non-ionic surfactants with the same hydrocarbon chain; and (b) the reversal of the stability of the non-ionic and the cationic micelles at high ionic strengths. Two different approaches of the salting out effect on the ionic micelles are compared, the Chan-Mukerjee approach and ours, in relation to the non-linear Corrin-Harkins relation. The obtained salting out constants of the surfactants carrying a dodecyl chain decreased as the head group becomes more polar. Infrared and 13C-NMR spectra data are examined from the point of the specific interaction claimed by the hydrogen bond model. Mixed surfactant systems including amine oxides and the solid state phase behavior of amine oxides are both briefly reviewed.     

Bulk Viscosity and the Relation between Transport Coefficients

Abstract

The longitudinal and bulk viscosity of the fluid Argon is calculated using its relation with self diffusion coefficient. This relation was derived by developing the relation between coherent and incoherent scattering functions. The results obtained are compared with recent simulation data of bulk viscosity. A good agreement is achieved for a wide range of temperatures at the triple point density. Our results successfully explain the increase in bulk viscosity with decrease in temperature near the triple point. The validity of the relation between diffusion and longitudinal viscosity is also tested for liquid metals. The results obtained for liquid metals of the longitudinal viscosity, at their melting points, are not found to be in agreement with experimental results. A relation between thermal conductivity and self-diffusion coefficient is proposed.     

固体酸催化醇酸树脂的分子量分布及其与性能关系的研究

本文用HPGPC法等研究了固体酸催化醇酸树脂合成中MWD及其与性能的关系。结果表明,固体酸催化醇酸树脂化过程的MWD等物性变化规律与未加催化剂的相似,logM_w和logd与p、M_w与分散度d及logη_G与M_w之间均呈线性关系。然而在达到同样M_w和MWD时,催化新工艺所需时间大大缩短,所需温度也有较大下降,而所得树脂粘度较低,贮存稳定性更好,其成膜干性更好,漆膜硬度也较高。     

Photoionization cross sections of H2(+) and H2 with complex Gaussian-type basis functions optimized for the frequency-dependent polarizabilities

Within the framework of the complex basis function method, the photoionization cross sections of H(2)(+) and H(2) were calculated based on the variational principle for the frequency-dependent polarizabilities. In these calculations, complex orbital exponents of Gaussian-type basis functions for the final state continuum wavefunctions were fully optimized for each photon energy with the numerical Newton-Raphson method. In most cases, the use of only one or two complex Gaussian-type basis functions was enough to obtain excellent agreement with previous high precision calculations and available experimental results. However, there were a few cases, in which the use of complex basis functions having various angular momentum quantum numbers was crucial to obtain the accurate results. The behavior of the complex orbital exponents as a function of photon energy was discussed in relation to the scaling relation and the effective charge for photoelectron. The success of this method implies the effectiveness of the optimization of orbital exponents to reduce the number of basis functions and shows the possibility to calculate photoionization cross sections of general molecules using only Gaussian-type basis functions.     

Research on Control Method for MR Damper

The relation between drive current and damper force was developed and a controller of MR damper was successfully designed. The experimental results indicated the controller’s outputs have good performance with rapid response speed and high precision. The control effect on MR damper is excellent.     

慢性肺心病患者血清Cu,Zn及Cu/Zn比值的分析研究

分析了65例慢性肺心病患者血清Cu,Zn的含量及Cu/Zn比值，并与健康对照组比较。结果显示，慢性肺心病患者组血清Zn的含量与健康对照组比较有高度显著性差异（P＜0．01），Cu的含是有显著性差异（P＜0．05），Cu/Zn比值有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。提示慢性肺心病与微量元素Cu、Zn元素的含量变化有一定的关系，为研究元素医学与治疗慢性肺心病提供了必要的依据。     

Effect of pH on protein adsorption capacity of strong cation exchangers with grafted layer

The effect of pH on the static adsorption capacity of immunoglobulin G, human serum albumin, and equine myoglobin was investigated for a set of five strong cation exchangers with the grafted tentacle layer having a different ligand density. A sharp maximum of adsorption capacity with pH was observed for adsorbents with a high ligand density. The results were elucidated using the protein structure and calculations of pK(a) of ionizable groups of surface basic residues. Inverse size-exclusion experiments were carried out to understand the relation between the adsorption capacity and pore accessibility of the investigated proteins.