Synthesis and biological significances of 1,3,4-thiadiazolines and related heterocyclic compounds

This review article describes the survey of literature regarding the variety of synthetic methods of 1,3,4-thiadiazoline and related compounds in the last seven years (2004–2010). The aim of the review is to find out different methods for the synthesis of thiadiazolines. These heterocyclics are majorly obtained from the cyclization reactions of thiosemicarbazone under the various conditions. From the literature studies it was found that major importance was given to their pharmaceutical significance i.e., regarding their biological activity against different fungal and bacterial strains.     

1,3,4-Thiadiazoles. XI. Synthesis and behaviour of 4-Alkyl-5-acyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolines

The synthesis of the title compounds from thiadiazolium salts and aldehydes, and their behaviour towards some nucleophiles and aldehydes are described.     

The mass spectrometry of 1,3,4-thiadiazolines

The mass spectra of di-, tri- and tetraaryl substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazolines have been examined. They are characterized by thiadiazolium ions, formed by elimination of a C-5 substituent, by ions formed through elimination of C₆H₅S˙ radicals arising by transannular phenyl migration and by ions generated via elimination of thiocarbonyl neutrals in retro-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The influence of the stability of the dipolarophile on the latter reaction is discussed and the fragmentation reactions of thiadiazolines and oxadiazolines are compared.     

Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,4-Triazoles and 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles

The cyclization of 4-substituted 1-arylacetyl- and 1-aryloxyacetylthiosemicarbazides and also the potassium salt of (4-bromophenoxy)acetodithiocarbazinic acid in the presence of base gives the novel 3-arylmethyl- and 3-aryloxymethyl-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles and, in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄, the novel 5-substituted 2-arylmethyl- and 2-aryloxymethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel spiro 1,3,4-thiadiazolines from isatin derivatives

This work describes the synthesis of spiro 1,3,4-thiadiazolines from isatin-β-thiosemicarbazone acetylation, using microwave irradiation as a source of heating the reaction medium. N-substituted isatin derivatives were used as substrates to obtain thiosemicarbazones by adding thiosemicarbazide to the isatin ketone carbonyl. The final synthetic step was the reaction of thiosemicarbazones with acetic anhydride under microwave irradiation to get the spiro compounds. Reaction times ranged from 6 to 18 minutes resulting in yields of up to 90%. Biological assays have shown promising antibacterial and antifungal activity, especially spiro thiadiazolines derived from allylated isatins. All the proposed molecules proved to be potential drug candidates based on the results of the in silico investigation, with satisfactory drug-likeness and drug-score, respecting Lipinski's rule. The use of the microwave reactor was efficient for the synthesis of thiosemicarbazones and spiro compounds, resulting in a significant reduction in reaction times with conventional heating. Taking into account the threat of antimicrobial resistance, this work presents a series of bioactive molecules that are easily obtained via microwave reaction.     

3,6—二芳基—1,2,4—三唑并[3,4,b]—1,3,4—噻二唑化合物的合成

３－芳基－４－氨基－５－巯基－１，２，４－三唑与芳酸在三氯氧磷的作用下合成了１０个标题化合物，通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱确证了它们的结构．对反应条件作了简略的讨论．部分化合物具有较强的生物活性．     

Recyclization of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles and Bis-1,3,4-oxadiazoles into 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives. Synthesis of 5-Unsubstituted 1,2,4-Triazoles

Efficient methods have been developed for obtaining precursors of stable carbenes, viz. 5-unsubstituted 3,4-diaryl-1,2,4-triazoles and 3,3′- or 4,4′-bridge linked bis-1,2,4-triazoles, by the recyclization of 5-unsubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles or p-phenylenebis-1,3,4-oxadiazole with anilines or aromatic diamines in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid or with aniline hydrochlorides in pyridine. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 1026–1032, July, 2005.     

Synthesis of Some Novel 1,3,4- and 1,2,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives

Synthesis and spectral characterization of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives including one organo-mercury compound are described. Their structure elucidation was performed by means of spectroscopic and physical methods (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS, X-ray).     

Synthesis and reactions of new 4-methoxybenzyland 3-chloro-4-methoxybenzyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles

Intermolecular cyclization of 1-phenyl(benzyl, allyl)-4-(4-methoxybenzyl- or 3-chloro-4-methoxybenzyl) thiosemicarbazides afforded the corresponding 3,4,5-substituted 4H-1,2,4-triazoles. Reactions of Salkylation and aminomethylation of the latter were examined. Some 5-sulfanyl-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles were also synthesized.     

Acid-base reactions of 1,3,4-thiadiazolines and thiocarbonyl ylides; 1,3,4-thiadiazoline-2-spiro-2′-adamantane

The surprising formation of C₂₂H₃₂N₂S₂ from the title compound 1 at 45°C involves the interaction of the basic adamantanethione S-methylide ($\text{2}$) with its acidic precursor $\text{1}$, in the course of which the anion $\text{6}$ undergoes electrocyclic ring opening; the acid and base functions offer the clue to a prolific chemistry of the thiadiazoline $\text{1}$ and the thiocarbonyl ylide $\text{2}$.     

Synthesis of some substituted 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives

New S-substituted 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives have been prepared. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1712–1715, November, 2008.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole,thiopyrane, thiazolidinone,and azepine derivatives

4-oxo-4-phenylbutanehydrazide 3 was reacted with aryl or alkyl isothiocyanates to give the corresponding N-substituted-2-(4-oxo-4-phenylbutanoyl) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 4a-c . Cyclization of thiosemicarbazides 4a-c with sodium hydroxide led to the formation of 3-(4-sub-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-propanone 5a-c . Desulfurization of thiosemicarbazides 4a-c by mercuric oxide afforded 3-(5-(sub-amino)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-propanone 6a-c . The reaction of 4a-c with phosphorus oxychloride gave 3-(5-(sub-amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-propanone 7a-c . Treatment of 4a-c with ethyl-bromoacetate or α-bromopropionic acid gave N′-(3-sub-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-butanehydrazide 8a-c and (N′-(3-sub-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-butanehydrazide 9a-c . Chlorination of oxothiazolidine-hydrazide 9a-c by phosphorus oxychloride afforded N-(3-sub-4-oxothiazolidine)-butane-hydrazonoyl-chloride 10a-c . The reaction of 10a-c with mercaptoacetyl-chloride yielded 2-((4-benzoyl-thiopyrane) hydrazono)-3-sub-thiazolidinone 11a-c . Also, reacted of 10a-c with hydrazine hydrate afforded N″-(3-sub-oxothiazolidine)-butane-hydrazon-hydrazide 12a-c . The 3-sub-2-((pyridazine) hydrazono) thiazolidinone 13a-c was obtained by cyclization of 12a-c via refluxing in DMF. The reaction and cyclized of 9a-c with chloroacetyl-chloride in ethanolic KOH afforded 1-((3-sub-4-oxothiazolidine) amino)-azepine-dione 14a-c . The chemical structures of the new compounds have been confirmed by diverse spectroscopy analyses such as IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity and these compounds were considered (Pyridazin-hydrazono-thiazolidinone 13a-c , oxothiazolidin-azepinedione 14a-c , N-thiazolidin-hydrazon-hydrazide 12a-c , and thiopyran-hydrazono-thiazolidinone 11a-c ) the most effective as antimicrobial activity.     

A new route to 1,2,4- triazoles and 1,3,4- thiadiazoles from 1-acylbithiourea

The intramolecular cyclization of 1- acylbithiourea 1 gave 1,2,4-triazole 2 and 1,3,4-thiadiazole 3 . The reaction of 1 with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of trithylamine afforded 3 . Treatment of 1 with methyl iodide in the absence of any base yielded 2-methylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole 10 and 2-imino- 1,3,4-thiadiazoline 12 .     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of pyrrolyl/pyrazolyl arylaminosulfonylmethyl 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles

A new class of pyrrolyl/pyrazolyl arylaminosulfonylmethyl 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and 1,2,4-triazoles were prepared and tested for antimicrobial activity. Amongst the tested compounds, 5c displayed high antimicrobial activity.     

Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives of benzotriazole

A novel series of 1-(1-carbonylmethyl-1H-benzotriazole) thiosemicarbazides 3a-e was synthesized and then cyclized with sodium hydroxide to afford 1-(4-substituted-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion-5-yl)methyl-1H-benzotriazoles 4a-e , which were alkylated with ethyl iodide to l-(3-ethylthio-4-substituted-4H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles 5b-e . The reaction of 1H-benzotriazol-1-acetic acid hydrazide ( 2 ) with carbon disulphide and potassium hydroxide followed by hydrazine hydrate gave 1-(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion-5-yl)methyl-1H-benzotriazole ( 6 ). Its subsequent condensation with carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride or with phenacyl bromides afforded two series of fused heterocycles namely; 6-substituted-3-[1-(1H-benzotriazole)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 7a-e and 6-substituted phenyl-3-[1-(1H-benzotriazole)methyl]-7H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines 8a-e respectively. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was elucidated by elemental analyses, ir and nmr spectra.     

1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成

近年来稠杂环化合物的合成及其生物活性的研究日益成为杂环化学研究的热门课题。3,6-二取代-1,2,4-三唑并噻二唑衍生物是具有广谱生物活性的稠杂环化合物,如抗菌、消炎、杀微生物、调节植物生长、除草等,因而引起各国化学家的广泛兴趣。此类化合物的生物活性,