Influence of the size of the grating on Talbot effect

The Fresnel theory of the Talbot effect of the grating is reviewed in this paper, and the general formula of the Fresnel diffraction of the grating with finite aperture size is presented. The aperture effect of the grating on the Talbot image is discussed and a number of numerical calculations are performed. The variation rule of the diffraction intensity distribution at the Talbot distance with the aperture size of the grating and the case at different Talbot distances are obtained through the calculations, and the corresponding explanations of these phenomena are given in this paper. We think that these discussions provide the theoretic basis for the practical application of the Talbot effect of the actual grating.     

X射线光栅相位成像的理论和方法

通过对X射线光栅相位衬度成像实验装置的理论分析,提出了光栅位移曲线的表达式,推导出了X射线光栅相位衬度成像方程.根据该成像方程,提出了基于光栅成像相位提取方法.这些理论结果将简化光栅相位衬度成像实验步骤,提高信息获取效率,并为X射线光栅相位衬度成像和计算机断层成像的结合,进一步提出光栅相位衬度CT的简化理论奠定基础. 关键词： X射线 相位衬度成像 光栅衍射 Talbot效应     

利用保角变换实现环形光栅的Talbot效应

Talbot效应是一种近场自成像效应,通常只有周期光栅可以产生Talbot效应,而环形光栅无法产生.本文通过引入保角变换,发现可以在环形光栅外部设计适当的折射率渐变层介质,使得其中也能够产生严格的Talbot效应,并计算了对应的自成像半径表达式.本文利用FDTD软件分别将一个环形光栅放置在真空中以及人工设计的折射率渐变层中进行了模拟,并对二者的结果进行了比较分析,发现这种折射率渐变层介质确实对点光源入射的环形光栅的自成像情况有着很好的改善.希望这一工作能够推广Talbot效应的应用范围.     

基于Talbot效应的掺镁铌酸锂二维六角位相阵列光栅的研究

本文系统研究了基于泰伯效应(Talbot) 的位相可调掺镁铌酸锂二维六角位相阵列光栅及其光衍射成像, 对光栅占空比D、不同位相差Δφ、及泰伯分数β条件下的光栅近场光衍射强度分布进行了理论研究, 结果表明当光栅占空比D=52%、位相差Δφ=0.75 π、 泰伯分数β=0.2时, 光栅近场衍射光图像效果最佳. 实验设计与 制备了掺镁铌酸锂二维六角位相阵列光栅, 并对其进行了Talbot衍射光成像实验研究, 得到了不同位相差和不同泰伯分数β条件下光栅近场衍射 光图像, 实验结果与理论研究结果相符. 关键词： 二维六角位相阵列光栅 掺镁铌酸锂晶体 泰伯效应     

Novel optical comb filter based on full-duty-cycle sampled fiber Bragg grating with spectral Talbot effect

Spectral Talbot effect in full-duty-cycle sampled fiber Bragg grating is proposed and numerically demonstrated for the first time. Based on analysis and simulations, it is shown that high-performance comb filters can be realized with the proposed structure. Moreover, it is found that channel count scales linearly with the number of samples and that high-quality filtering is still available with some fabrication errors.     

Defect enhancement in periodic masks using 1/2-Talbot effect

In this paper, we present a simple system for defect enhancement in periodic masks, enabling in this way their rapid localization. The system uses the fact that periodic structures under coherent illumination generate replicas of itself displaced half period at certain distances (1/2-Talbot’s length). Projecting back this displaced self-image onto the mask creates a suppression of the periodic structure. If the mask presents defects, the cancellation of the periodic structure allows their detection since the self-imaging phenomenon occurs only for the periodic structure. The technique may be applied to transmission masks like semiconductor wafers, photomasks for integrated circuits or LCD panels.     

基于二维结构薄膜的偏振选择相位光栅的研究

利用二维结构薄膜构建了具有偏振选择特性的新型相位光栅,借助严格耦合波分析(RCWA)方法计算了光栅各级衍射强度随入射光波长及入射角的变化,发现在垂直入射情况下,波长600—640 nm范围内,相位光栅对横向电学(TE)模主要产生0级衍射,而对横向磁学(TM)模产生±1级衍射,在波长633nm处,0级衍射光的偏振消光比为109.8,±1级衍射光的偏振消光比为334.6.利用时域有限差分方法对这种相位光栅的偏振分束现象进行了模拟,偏振分离角在玻璃基板内可以达到10°左右,最后模拟了入射角为23°时光栅对不同偏     

拼接式钢带光栅编码器测角误差分析与修正

针对望远镜对高精度测角技术的要求,分析了机械安装偏心、加工椭圆度误差、轴系晃动等对新型拼接式钢带光栅编码器测角的影响,并制定了相位差为90°的4读数头软件细分测角方案。在机械安装偏心为10μm、加工椭圆度为2μm、轴系晃动为0.6″的实验平台上进行了逆时针和顺时针测角实验,两组实验测角误差RMS值分别为0.393″和0.488″。实验表明：该测角方案能消除机械安装偏心、加工椭圆度误差等对测角数据的影响,实现了亚角秒级测角。     

基于Talbot效应的可调位相差二维六角位相阵列器的理论研究和数值模拟

系统研究了基于Talbot效应的光栅阵列器,利用数值模拟方法开展了阵列器的理论研究,对二维振幅型与固定位相差型阵列器进行了分析,通过外加电场调制位相差可以很好的解决二维振幅型与固定位相差型阵列器后z处光强分布不可调节和工作易受温度影响的问题.推导了外加电场调制位相差位相型阵列器实现均匀光强分布的理论模型,并验证了Paturz等人的实验结果,为此种新型阵列器的研究提供了基础.     

啁啾超短脉冲光波照射下光栅Talbot效应的研究

应用傅里叶频谱分析法，给出了光栅在啁啾超短脉冲光波照射下菲涅耳衍射方程并分析了其Talbot效应. 数值计算表明，在Talbot距离处的衍射光强不仅与照射的超短脉冲光波的宽度有关，而且与脉冲光波的啁啾有关. 根据光栅在Talbot距离处衍射光强的变化，给出了一种检验超短脉冲光波是否含有啁啾的简单方法. 关键词： 光栅 菲涅耳衍射 Talbot效应 啁啾超短脉冲激光     

High-efficiency color separation method based on fractional Talbot effect for color liquid crystal display

Based on the fractional Talbot effect of Talbot grating, a new method with high light efficiency for color separation in color liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is proposed. The light efficiency of 85% and 89% are obtained by three- and four-step Talbot gratings, respectively, which are rather higher than that of using color filter, the traditional color separation method in color LCDs. This method has large tolerance to the position error of the color separation plane, the wavelength changes of red, green and blue colors, and the step height errors of the gratings.     

Novel flat multichannel filter based on fiber Bragg grating and phase shift

In this letter, a novel optical fiber filter based on fiber Bragg grating and phase shift is proposed for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) system applications. As the channel-space of the comb filter based on chirped sampled fiber Bragg grating and phase shift was not accurate and the multi-channel was unable to channel the standard frequency, we discussed and calculated the error between theory and practice which has certificated by simulation. Then a compensatory method with phase shift between the samples was proposed, and a 80-channel comb filter with accurate 50-GHz channel-spacing was simulated, which is a good foundation for fabricating comb filters with accurate transmission peak in future.     

Aberrations of self-imaged patterns with two-dimensional periodicity

We develop a geometrical theory of aberration in the self-imaged patterns with two-dimensional periodicity. The patterns are considered to be a crossed-line grating or a periodic array of finite apertures. We first derive the raytracing equations for determining the optical path of a self-imaging ray. We then find the third- and fifth-order contributions to the wavefront aberration which arise from the difference between the optical paths of a self-imaging ray and of an actual ray. We also derive the expression of the ray aberration from the wavefront aberration. The ray aberration is classified into five distinct types by analogy with the cases in a refracting lens system. We show that the overall ray aberration is entirely undercorrected and the aberrated image patch is decentered from an ideal image point in the direction parallel to the direction tangent vector of a chief ray. The image evaluation technique discussed here will be useful in various applications related to self-image formation of two-dimensionally periodic patterns.     

Analysis on diffraction properties of the transmission phase grating

Diffraction properties of the transmission phase grating are analyzed in terms of the Fourier optics theory. The analysis results show that the diffraction intensity distribution of the transmission phase grating is closely related to the optical thickness of the grating and the wavelength of the incident light, and not only determined by the grating's period and slit width. For monochromatic incident light, more than 80% of the diffraction energy will concentrate to the first diffraction order under certain conditions. For white incident light, the energy of the first order of diffraction spectrum may be much higher than other orders. Based on these results, some possible applications of the transmission phase grating are discussed.     

Common path interferometer based on the modified Michelson configuration using a reflective grating

A common-path interferometer using the modified Michelson system with a reflective grating is proposed for quantitative phase imaging. The frequency spectrum of the object beam is split into two beams using a beam splitter. One beam is diffracted into +1, 0, and −1 orders by the reflective grating to act as an object beam, and the other beam is low-filtered and diffracted by a pinhole mirror to act as a reference beam. Three phase-shifted interferograms can be simultaneously captured using the proposed interferometer, and the specimen phase can then be reconstructed from the three interferograms. Experiments are carried out to prove the precision, real-time ability, and stability of the proposed method.     

基于运动控制技术的编码器自动检测系统

为了改进编码器误差检测方法,提高检测效率,基于对光电轴角编码器误差检测现状的分析,设计了一种编码器误差自动检测系统。介绍了自动检测系统的工作原理,系统的硬件设计和软件设计。利用运动和全闭环控制技术,以24位高精度增量式光电轴角编码器为反馈元件,该自动检测系统可自动完成对编码器测试点的定位、数据获取和误差数据分析,定位精度为2″,可以检测18位以下各类光电轴角编码器的误差,检测效率是标准检测装置的6倍。该实验结果验证了方案的可行性。     

光栅衍射像的反差,位相和周期的分析

本文从理论上导出了相干光照明了菲涅耳衍射场中离开泰伯自成像平面时光栅像的反差、位相和周期的变化。得到了球面波和平面波照明下,光栅的傅里叶像生成的条件,从而定量地说明了泰伯效应与Lau效应的某种一致性。理论结果被实验验证。     

Near-field hexagonal array illumination based on fractional Talbot effect

Hexagonal array is a basic structure widely exists in nature and adopted by optoelectronic device. A phase plate based on the fractional Talbot effect that converts a single expanded laser beam into a regular hexagonal array of uniformly illuminated apertures with virtually 100% efficiency is presented. The uniform hexagonal array illumination with a fill factor of 1/12 is demonstrated by the computer simulation.