基于近场均匀照明的LED阵列的优化设计

基于几何光学与辐射照度理论,对菱形、环形和蜂窝状等3种典型LED阵列光源在近场上的照度分布进行研究,推导了不同阵列光源照射到目标面上的总辐射照度表达式,并依据斯派罗法则确定了LED间的最优化距离。进而根据照度公式,对LED阵列进行了仿真和对比分析,得出了不同阵列的光照度分布特点。菱形阵列可以得到较大范围的平坦度,环形阵列的平坦范围较小,能量集中分布在一个圆形范围内,有良好的集光效果,蜂窝状阵列的照度比较集中且占用的面板空间较小,可在一定程度上降低设计成本。     

Image-like illumination with LED arrays: design

An array of spatially distributed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can produce an illumination pattern that approaches an image by individually modulating each LED. In this letter, I analyze the first-order design of such systems in order to achieve the best match between the illumination distribution and a desired image. In particular, simple formulas are given for the optimal number of LEDs, working distance, array size, and LED beam pattern. The analysis developed here may be applied to the design of LED systems such as architecture lighting, energy-efficient lighting, backlight local dimming for displays, and structured illumination microscopy with micro-LED arrays.     

LED阵列光源的舞台灯变焦透镜系统

 针对国内大功率LED阵列光源舞台灯具在光束角度不可变和光能利用效率低等问题,提出利用透镜组变焦原理来设计阵列光源变焦透镜系统。基于透镜组变焦原理设计了单颗LED光源的变焦透镜组,高级光学系统分析模拟软件ASAP的计算结果显示：调焦范围为0~10 mm时,出光角度（1/10峰值角）的变化范围为18.5°~38.7°,光能利用效率在调焦距离为10 mm时达到78%以上。在此基础上,将单颗LED光源的变焦透镜组扩展为Red、Green、Blue各12颗共36颗LED的变焦透镜系统,进一步分析36颗LED阵列光源在不同排布方式下的出光角度及混色效果。ASAP计算结果显示：在调焦范围与单颗LED相同的情况下,LED阵列光源变焦透镜系统的出光角度（1/10峰值角）的变化范围为21°~38.6°,且3种颜色LED交叉排列的混色效果较好。由LED阵列的计算结果可知,与国内现有的大功率LED舞台灯具相比,在出光角度的变化范围和光能利用效率方面都得到了提高。     

150 Mbits−1 ch−1 12-channel optical parallel interface using an LED and a PD array

An optical fibre parallel interface has been developed for card-cage to card-cage and board-to-board interconnections, representing a practical and promising optical interconnection. For a system design of a 12 channel, 150 Mbits^–1 ch^–1 optical parallel interface over a distance of 100 m, it is shown that the choice of a long wavelength LED/PD array with graded index optical fibre array meets the requirements for both power budget and skew limitation over this transmission distance. A 7 mm thick compact package transmitter and receiver module was developed, employing a Zn-doped, mesa structure, 1.3m LED array and an isolated InGaAs PD array. An optical parallel transmission experiment over 100 m was successfully demonstrated using these modules.     

Novel exposure system using light-emitting diodes and an optical fiber array for printing code marks

The feasibility of a novel economical and environmentally friendly exposure system using a light-emitting diode (LED) array as a light source was demonstrated. Such an exposure system is especially useful for printing two-dimensional code marks for the production management of semiconductor devices and liquid crystal display panels. The new system also uses an optical fiber matrix array connected to the LED array. The tips of the plastic optical fibers of 1mm diameter are heated and deformed into a square shape, and the square fiber ends are projected by a 1/10 reduction lens. Using LEDs with a central wavelength of 405 nm and an output power of 40mW/cm², quasi-square code mark patterns are printed with good size repeatability in a practically feasible short time of less than 2 s.     

球面阵列LED太阳模拟器光学系统设计

针对氙灯太阳模拟器光电转换效率低、寿命短、辐照强度低,均匀性差等不足,基于LED太阳模拟器光学系统,提出了一种球面阵列LED太阳模拟器光学系统,包括准直光学系统、匀光系统以及光源系统的设计方法。利用同轴透射式光学系统技术设计了双分离结构的准直光学系统, 在分析比较常用匀光系统的性能与组成形式的基础上,阐述积分器与视场光阑的设计过程, 然后基于球面光源的设计思想完成光源系统的设计, 利用LightTools光学设计软件对LED太阳模拟器光学系统进行仿真分析与验证。实验结果表明:球面阵列LED太阳模拟器在工作距离100 mm,输出辐照面积为100 mm×100 mm范围内,其辐照强度大于1 100 W/m2,辐照不均匀度优于3.86%。     

微型曲面发光二极管阵列照度一致性研究

为提高微型曲面发光二极管(LED)阵列在显示及照明使用方面的舒适度,针对微型曲面LED阵列照度分布的均匀性问题进行研究.采用TracePro光线追迹法分别计算了柱面显示阵列及球面照明阵列的照度分布.计算结果表明,曲面弯曲半径R和光源辐射参数m是影响柱面阵列照度分布的主要因素.通过合理排布阵列像素单元位置,可以增强器件显示均匀度,提高能量利用效率.10×10柱面LED阵列最大平坦化照度均匀度为90.5%.对球面环形阵列照度分布计算结果表明,单环形LED阵列照度均匀性与像素数量无关.影响球面多环LED阵列照度分布的参数主要包括环线分布系数K、环法线与第一环阵列光源法线夹角(?)_0及各环线像素光通量之比φ.以双环LED阵列为模型进行计算,获得最大平坦化照度均匀度为94.8%.调整球面多环阵列位置参数可实现不同照度分布模式.实验对比了微型LED像素单元夹角θ分别为13°,15°和17°时的照度分布,实验结果与理论计算较为一致.本文取得的理论与实验结果可以为微型曲面LED显示及多模式智能照明设计提供参考.     

A row–column addressed micromachined ultrasonic transducer array for surface scanning applications

Row–column addressed arrays for ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) applications are analyzed and demonstrated in this paper. Simulation and experimental results of a row–column addressed 32 by 32 capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array are presented. The CMUT array, which was designed for medical imaging applications, has a center frequency of 5.3 MHz. The CMUT array was used to perform C-scans on test objects with holes that have diameters of 1.0 mm and 0.5 mm. The array transducer has an aperture size of 4.8 mm by 4.8 mm, and it was used to scan an area of 4.0 mm by 4.0 mm. Compared to an N by N fully addressed 2-D array, a row–column addressed array of the same number of elements requires fewer (N instead of N²) pairs of interconnection and supporting electronic components such as pulsers and amplifiers. Even though the resulting field of view is limit by the aperture size, row–column addressed arrays and the row–column addressing scheme can be an alternative option of 2-D arrays for NDT applications.     

Sm-activated gadolinium molybdate: an intense red-emitting phosphor for solid-state lighting based on InGaN LEDs

Sm³⁺-activated gadolinium molybdate, Gd₂(MoO₄)₃:Sm³⁺ red-emitting phosphor was prepared by conventional solid-state method. The structure, morphology, and luminescent properties of these powder samples have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescent spectrophotometry, respectively. The as-obtained phosphor has a monoclinic structure with single crystalline phase. Its mean particle size is about 6-8 μm with pseudo-pompon shape and large surface area, which is suitable for manufacture of white LEDs. The phosphor can be efficiently excited by incident light of 348-445 nm, well matched with the output wavelength of a near-UV InGaN-based chip, and re-emits an intense red light peaking at 650 nm. By combing this phosphor with a 405 nm-emitting InGaN chip, a red LED was fabricated, so that the applicability of this novel phosphor to white LEDs was confirmed. It is considered to be an efficient red-emitting conversion phosphor for solid-state lighting based on InGaN LEDs.     

紫外LED圆环阵列均匀照明的实现方法

为构造指纹荧光检测中所需的均匀照明紫外光源,选择紫外LED阵列照明。采用光电探测器检测单颗LED的辐射角分布,拟合单个LED角分布函数;用8颗LED均匀置于半径为10 mm的圆环上,在圆环上方5 mm处的中心轴上放置一个LED;在给定的观察屏上照度不均匀误差下,根据斯派罗法则,确定观测屏与圆环阵列之间的距离,从而实现LED圆环阵列的照度分布均匀化。也可以给定观测屏到圆环的距离,确定轴上LED放置点到圆环的距离。实验结果表明,观测屏到圆环距离为11.0 cm时,在半径为10.0 mm的圆域内,照度不均匀相对误差小于1.27%。     

Moth-eye-structured light-emitting diodes

InGaAlP/GaAs red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a sub-wavelength moth-eye structure at the output surface were demonstrated. A high-resolution polydimethylsiloxane (h-PDMS) casting material was used for the fabrication of the moth-eye structure from polymer template which was fabricated by hot embossing. The h-PDMS mold was subsequently used to transfer the nanostructure on the output surface of the LED by soft embossing. We succeeded in forming a close packed hexagonal array of hemispheres with 300 nm pitch, and 128 nm depth. With 10 mA driving current, the corresponding efficiency (cd/A) of moth-eye-structured light-emitting diodes was enhanced by 36% compared with those of non-patterned LEDs. The experimental results are in agreement with the results of a theoretical analysis of the effect of the moth-eye structure.     

原棉异纤维检测系统照明光源光照度分布研究

在基于机器视觉的原棉异纤维检测系统中,选择能满足检测系统的光源和照明方案是提高系统检测率和检出率的关键,使检测对象尽可能多地显现出特征信息。选用单芯片InGaN(蓝)/YAG荧光粉型白光LED作为照明光源,采用理论计算和非成像光学设计的方法对LED阵列的光照度分布进行了研究,并根据原棉异纤维检测系统对光源光照度的具体要求,设计出了LED正方形阵列和三角形阵列两种排列方式,并利用TracePro软件对两种阵列形式进行仿真。通过比较两种阵列形式光照度分布的结果,最终选用高光照度且均匀性好的LED三角形阵列作为原棉异纤维检测系统的照明光源,满足了机器视觉成像的要求。     

Improvement of color-rendering characteristics of white light emitting diodes by using red quantum dot films

Red quantum dot (QD) films were applied to a conventional white light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) module consisting of 72 LEDs for improving color-rendering properties. Total three QD films with different QD concentrations, two diffuser plates, and six optical configurations were combined and investigated to find an optimized optical structure. QD films formed a red peak near 630 nm in the spectrum which significantly increased the overall color rendering index (CRI). The lateral optical cavity formed by a vertical QD wall and the vertical cavity formed by the diffuser plate and the reflection film in the lighting module played an important role in the improvement of the color-rendering properties. Especially, the adoption of the lateral optical cavity formed by the QD wall was an effective way to improve both efficiency and color rendering properties of the LED lighting. The present result suggests a new possibility of designing high-CRI LED light sources whose color properties can be tuned easily by simply applying and relocating QD components in conventional LED lightings.     

Ultrasonic transmission through multiple-sublattice subwavelength holes arrays

The ultrasonic transmission through plates perforated with 2 × 2 or 3 × 3 square array of subwavelength holes per unit cell are studied by numerical simulations. Calculations are obtained by means of a theoretical model under the rigid-solid assumption. It is demonstrated that when the inter-hole distance within the unit cell is reduced, new transmission dips appear resulting from Wood anomalies that have influence on the second and the third order Fabry-Perot peak. When the inter-hole distance within the unit cell is reduced, the transmission spectrum of the multiple-sublattice holes arrays tends to the transmission spectrum of a plate perforated with only one hole in the unit cell.     

GaN-based light-emitting diode with ZnO nanotexture layer prepared using hydrogen gas

ZnO films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO), which formed the transparent conductive layer (TCL) of a GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED), by ultrasonic spraying pyrolysis to increase the light output power. The ZnO nanotexture was formed by treating the as-deposited ZnO films with hydrogen. The root mean square (RMS) roughness increased from 4.47 to 7.89 nm before hydrogen treatment to 10.82-15.81 nm after hydrogen treatment for 20 min. Typical current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the GaN-based LEDs with a ZnO nanotexture layer have a forward-bias voltage of 3.25 V at an injection current of 20 mA. The light output power of a GaN-based LED with a ZnO nanotexture layer improved to as much as about 27.5% at a forward current of 20 mA.     

Oblique-angle sputtered AlN nanocolumnar layer as a buffer layer in GaN-based LED

This work presents an aluminum nitride (AlN) nanocolumnar layer sputtered at various oblique angles and its application as a buffer layer for GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are fabricated on sapphire substrates. The OA-AlN nanocolumnar layer has a diameter of about 30-60 nm. The GaN-based LED structure is perpendicularly extended from the OA-AlN nanocolumnar layer. Then, the nanocolumnar structure is merged into p-GaN layer to form a mesa structure with a diameter of about 200-600 nm on the surface of the GaN-based LED. Moreover, optical characteristics of the LED were studied using photoluminescence, along with the blue-shifts observed as well.     

电极结构对AlGaInP-LED阵列电流分布的影响

以AlGaInP-LED外延片为基片,设计了分辨率为320×240、像素尺寸为100 μm×100 μm的微型LED阵列。针对目前LED阵列普遍存在的电流分布不均匀的问题,建立了内部电流分布模型,研究了电极结构、电极尺寸及电极间距等不同因素对LED电流分布造成的影响。在单条形电极结构的基础上进行优化,综合考虑不透明电极的遮光效应等因素得到三条形电极结构为最优的电极结构,该电极结构的LED有源层均匀发光面积比未经优化的单条形电极提高了65.02%,比双条形电极提高25.63%,有效提高了微型LED阵列的出光效率,对改善LED芯片发光均匀性具有参考意义。     

阵列式微型透镜封装多芯片COB LED的光学仿真设计及应用

为了提高COB LED的取光率,以1919 COB LED为研究对象,建立阵列式圆锥透镜、半椭球透镜、四棱锥透镜和半圆球透镜封装LED模型,并利用光学仿真软件进行研究。仿真实验结果表明:在优化条件下,高0.5 mm、直径0.9 mm的阵列圆锥透镜封装LED的光通量由平面封装的67 lm提高至84.3 lm,即取光率提高25.8%。制作了RGB芯片的多芯片LED样品,并用直径1 mm的阵列半圆球透镜进行封装,其取光率提高18.8%。     

基于单色LED补偿白光LED技术的模拟太阳光谱研究

提出一种基于单色LED补偿白光LED技术,模拟日光在可见光范围内的光谱。实际调研了大功率单色LED现状,采用光子在二维空间内联合态密度函数作为单色LED的光谱辐射模型,建立LED模拟仿真数据库。通过求解超定方程组的非负最小二乘解,优化选择不同峰值波长以及半高宽的单色LED与白光LED组合,实现对目标光谱的匹配及太阳光谱的再现。对比研究了白光LED补偿技术和纯单色LED组装技术,并分析了不同种类LED组合对太阳光谱的模拟情况。结果表明,白光LED补偿技术拟合太阳光谱相关指数达到90.74%,优于纯单色LED组装技术。并且当单色LED种类减少时,白光LED补偿技术相比纯单色LED组装技术可以实现更好的模拟效果。该方法对实现基于LED类日光照明具有较好的指导意义。     

基于多目标人工鱼群算法的光疗LED照度优化研究

提高发光二极管（light emitting diode,LED）组成的光疗光源在照射平面上的照度均匀分布水平,对于光疗设备发展具有重要的价值。提出了一种基于多目标人工鱼群算法的光疗LED光源的照度优化方法。设计了2种不同组合模式的光疗LED光源阵列。结合多目标人工鱼群算法对光疗LED光源阵列组合数据进行优化,使光疗LED光源阵列的照度分布更加均匀。将优化设计后的光疗LED 光源芯片组合数据,导入光学仿真软件TracePro实现仿真验证,得到经优化的圆形光源排列的照度均匀程度较未优化圆形光源排列提升0.104,矩形光源排列的照度均匀程度较未优化矩形光源排列提升0.148。对比分析最终数据,验证了该优化方法是可行的,可以提高光疗LED光源的照度分布水平。