Ultrafast mode-locked dual-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser using a Mach-Zehnder interferometric filter

A simple and robust method to generate a dual-wavelength mode-locked laser using a tunable Mach-Zehnder filter (TMZF) and a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based saturable absorber (SA) is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed laser uses a thulium-doped fiber for lasing in the two-micron region and exploits the interferometric spectrum of the TMZF to produce dual peaks with nearly equal magnitude. SWCNT based SA enables mode-locking at a threshold value of 150.4?mW with distinct dual-wavelength peaks at 1919.2?nm and 1963.7?nm. The peaks have a calculated pulse width of 1.8?ps and 1.6?ps, respectively with a repetition rate of 9.1?MHz with a relatively high optical-signal-to-noise ratio value of 59.1?dB. The output is also observed to remain unchanged over time, indicating high stability. The proposed laser has a promising application, particularly in ultrafast gas molecular spectroscopy and sensing.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on a double-pass C-band bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier

Performance of a Bismuth-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is experimentally and theoretically investigated using 1480 nm pumping with double-pass scheme. In the theoretical analysis, the rate and power propagation equations are solved to examine the optimum length for the C-band operation as well as the gain and noise figure characteristics. The calculated small signal gain is 38 dB with gain variation of less than 3 dB. The measured gain is 4 dB lower due to spurious reflections which were ignored in the theoretical analysis. At input signal power of 0 dBm, a gain of 14.5 dB is obtained experimentally with gain variation of less than 1 dB within the wavelength region from 1530 to 1565 nm. The noise figure is less than 12 dB within this region.     

High gain L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with two-stage double-pass configuration

An experiment on gain enhancement in the long wavelength band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) is demonstrated using dual forward pumping scheme in double-pass system. Compared to a single-stage single-pass scheme, the small signal gain for 1580 nm signal can be improved by 13.5 dB. However, a noise figure penalty of 2.9 dB was obtained due to the backward C-band ASE from second stage and the already amplified signal from the first pass that extracting energy from the forward C-band ASE. The maximum gain improvement of 13.7 dB was obtained at a signal wavelength of 1588 nm while signal and total pump powers were fixed at -30 dBm and 92 mW, respectively.     

Multiwavelength fiber laser using S-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier and semiconductor optical amplifier

A multiwavelength fiber ring laser that is based on an S-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is developed. An optical switch is used to switch the multiwavelength fiber laser between S-band and L-band. This fiber laser can stably lase seven wavelengths in the S-band or 28 wavelengths in the L-band. Additionally, the lasing wavelengths with a signal-to-noise ratio of over 33 dB and a wavelength spacing of 100 GHz are demonstrated experimentally. The average powers of the lasing wavelength in the S-band and the L-band are −7.53 and −12.15 dBm, respectively.     

光纤放大器的半经典分析

本文采用半经典理论分析稀土掺杂光纤中光与介质的相互作用机理,讨论了增益、饱和、光纤归一化频率、泵功率、信号功率及掺杂粒子数浓度等各参数之间的关系.计算与实验结果相符,可用这个理论设计所需特性的光纤放大器或对光纤放大器作进一步的改进.     

A theoretical and experimental investigation of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber laser

In this paper,the theoretical rate equation model of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber(TDF) laser is investigated.The analytical formulations of pump energy threshold,peak power extraction efficiency,and pulse extraction efficiency are derived through analyzing the interaction process between the pump pulse and the laser pulse.They are useful for understanding,designing,and optimizing the in-band pumped TDF lasers in a 1.9 μm-2.1 μm wavelength region.The experiment with an all-fiber gain-switched TDF laser pumped by a 1.558-μm pulse amplifier is conducted,and our experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis.     

三路光纤放大器相干合成技术的实验研究

实验上实现了三路保偏光纤放大器稳定的锁相控制，达到相干合成的输出目的.介绍了实验方案，详细阐述了相位检测与控制的方法并以一路信号光为例给出了相位噪声的测量结果.最后给出了相干合成的远场图样并对其影响因素加以简单分析.实验表明，利用提出的方案增加相干合成的路数是可行的. 关键词： 光纤放大器 相干合成 锁相     

Characteristics of the bandwidth in gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

1.IntYoductionErbium-dopedfiberamplifiers(EDFAs)arepresentlyofgreatinterestinopticalfibercommunicationsystem.Thegainprofiles,thatis,thegainforallwavelengthsofinter-est,areveryimPortantproPertiesofEDFAsinthewavelength-division-multip1exing(WDM)fibersystems['j.Manynumericalandanalyticalmethods(seeforexampleL1jandreferencestherein)canbeusedtoinvestigatethegainprofile8ofEDFAs,buttheyneedcumbersomemeasurementS(forexampIesPectraImeasurementsofEr-dopingabsorWtionandemission,andsoon)andhence…     

Optimization of core size in erbium doped holey fiber amplifiers

Holey fibers (HFs) can be used as amplifier in optical communication systems. These new fiber structures have flexibility to change the fiber parameters such as refractive index of guided mode, air filling factor (AFF), V number, group velocity dispersion (GVD) and numerical aperture, only by the change of the hole size and air-hole spacing. In this paper we will use improved fully vectorial effective index method (IFEIM) to analyze the erbium doped holey fiber amplifier (EDHFA) with hexagonal unit cell. The range that core size can change in any air-hole spacing will determine and the growth of core size in the amplifier character such as maximum gain and optimum length will study. By determination of single mode region the effect of pump power and dopant concentration growth, on the amplifier parameter will define.     

An efficient shooting method for fiber amplifiers and lasers

A simple shooting method is proposed for the design of distributed multi-pumped Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs) and Yb-doped double-clad fiber lasers (DCFLs). Using the proposed method a distributed RFA with 10 pump sources and 1700 mW total input pump power is simulated and high-power Yb-doped DCFL rate equations are solved numerically. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed method has good convergence in the condition of increasing numbers and power of input pump sources.     

双程掺镱光纤放大器的增益特征及优化

比较了掺钕光纤和掺镱光纤对1064 nm光放大的特点.基于速率方程和传输方程,数值分析了在915 nm泵浦下双程掺镱光纤放大器的增益特征,并且和传统的单程放大进行了比较.分析了信号光和泵浦光,以及粒子数沿着光纤方向的分布特点.最后对双程掺镱光纤放大器进行了优化.     

High-peak-power second-harmonic generation of single-stage Yb-doped fiber amplifiers

A high-peak-power and high-repetition-rate fiber laser architecture is successfully demonstrated using a single-stage fiber amplifier. Nonlinear optical effects in a fiber amplifier degrade the monochromaticity of amplified laser pulses. In general, it is difficult for a non-monochromatic laser pulse to realize high-order harmonic generation with bulk nonlinear optical crystals. To overcome this problem, a single-stage amplifier architecture and a gain fiber with a high cladding absorption coefficient are employed. Furthermore, single-stage amplification enables the use of a multi-longitudinal mode electro-optically (EO) Q-switched micro seed laser. This architecture can generate a peak power of 100 kW at 50 kHz and an average power of 10 W. A second-harmonic conversion efficiency of 51% is obtained using this architecture and a LiB₃O₅ (LBO) crystal.     

Simulation of the ultimate characteristics of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers

A completely spatially and spectrally resolved model of a thulium-doped fiber amplifier that, unlike existing models, takes into account the radiation mode structure is proposed. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the pump scheme parameters in order to achieve the maximum gain or the minimum non-uniformity of the gain spectrum. The ultimate information characteristics of the amplifier are determined.     

三路掺镱光纤放大器的相干合成实验研究

光纤激光相干合成技术是实现高功率、高亮度光纤激光系统的重要技术途径。采用主振荡并联放大器（MOPA）方案对三路掺镱光纤放大器进行实时相位探测与校正,其中每路光纤放大器的输出功率大于等于1 W,三路总功率大于等于3 W。采用铌酸锂光纤相位调制器,外差法系统的移频量为40 MHz,相位探测与校正精度优于l/20,整个光路为全保偏光路。实验分别给出了两路和三路光纤放大器的相干合成结果。系统开环时,远场光斑为动态、模糊干涉条纹,条纹可见度为7%和6%;系统闭环运行时,远场光斑为稳定、高对比度干涉条纹,条纹可见度有大幅度提高,达到44%和48%。这表明闭环控制使两路和三路光纤激光的相位变化得到了有效补偿,系统实现了相位锁定运行和高相干度合成输出。     

光孤子脉冲在光纤放大器中的传播

本文建立了包括增益色散,受激喇曼散射,双光子吸收效应的理论模型,讨论了光孤子脉冲在光纤放大器中的传播.数值计算结果表明:在反常色散范围内,光孤子的放大是不稳定的.增益色散导致光脉冲对称分裂,而受激喇曼散射则导致不对称的分裂.在增益色散和受激喇曼散射的共同作用下可获得新的时域和频域特征.有限带宽的放大能抑制受激喇曼散射引起的自频移.本文对有啁啾的光孤子脉冲的放大也进行了分析.     

光纤放大器受激布里渊散射效应抑制

提出了一种多波长窄线宽光纤放大器,其种子光由多个单频激光耦合而成,所有单频激光波长几乎相等（波长间隔小于1 nm）,频率间隔大于两倍布里渊频移。建立了此类多波长窄线宽光纤放大器的完整理论模型,分析了放大器中受激布里渊散射（SBS）与种子数目的关系。搭建了双波长和三波长窄线宽光纤放大器,进行SBS阈值输出功率测定实验。实验结果与理论模拟结果基本一致,验证了理论模型的合理性;双波长和三波长放大可以有效抑制SBS效应,大幅提高放大器输出功率。     

Noise performance analysis of bi-directionally pumped distributed fiber Raman amplifiers with consideration of fiber nonlinearity and its impact on EDFA output OSNR

Under small-signal assumption, equivalent noise figure normalized by fiber nonlinearities (NENF) of bi-directionally pumped distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (BiDFRA) is derived. Amplified spontaneous Raman scattering noise and double Rayleigh scattering noise are both included. The relation between NENF and Raman gain, forward Raman gain percentage is investigated under different polarization factor and Rayleigh scattering coefficient. It agrees well with numerical simulation results. Based on the analytical expression, the optical signal-to-nose ratio (OSNR) improvement of hybrid pre-BiDFRA/erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) compared with sole EDFA is studied. It is shown that there is an optimum Raman gain and forward Raman gain percentage to maximize the OSNR improvement. Finally, some guidelines on BiDFRA design are proposed.     

Modeling the gain and amplified spontaneous emission spectra of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

We have used a modified “black box” model to calculate the gain and amplified spontaneous emission spectra for an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Based on this and using an occupation number model, we determined the limiting spectral efficiency of information transfer in such an amplifier. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 273–276, March–April, 2006.     

Theoretical analysis of multimode fiber amplifiers and lasers containing spatial filters

By the use of the coupling theory of the modes and the multimode rate equations, the performances of the multimode fiber amplifiers or lasers containing a spatial filter have been discussed. After the rate equations applicable to amplifiers are solved, the beam quality factors of the output from a multimode fiber amplifier with and without a single mode filter have been evaluated and compared. By the use of the analytical expression of the threshold pump power applicable to the multimode fiber lasers with the spatial filter and doped with quasi two-energy-level ions, and two example fibers had been selected which may guide 4 and 9 transversal modes, respectively, the threshold pump power for each transversal fiber mode has been evaluated. The results indicate that the single mode filter, does introduce a very strong discrimination for the modes between the high order modes and the fundamental mode. This should considerably favor the operation of the fundamental mode in the lasers with a homogeneously broadened active medium.     

光纤放大器放大自发辐射特性与高温易损点位置

在高功率光纤放大器实验中,时常发现增益光纤抽运注入熔接点后10—50 cm处容易发生光纤烧毁现象.为了对该现象进行理论预测,基于光纤激光器速率方程模型和增益光纤的热传导模型,从种子功率、抽运功率和抽运吸收三个方面对掺镱双包层光纤放大器中的放大自发辐射(ASE)和温度特性进行研究.结果表明,在放大倍率较高、ASE较为严重等情况下,光纤放大器中的最高温度点一般不在抽运注入的熔接点处,而在距离熔接点10—50 cm处,与实验中发现光纤烧毁的位置基本符合.从光纤放大器的ASE抑制、最高温度点温度控制角度出发,对光纤放大器在种子功率、抽运功率、抽运吸收、放大倍率和抽运波长等方面的设计给出了指导性的建议.