多金属物体CT图像的金属伪影校正

针对多金属伪影的校正问题,本文通过仿真实验分析了多金属伪影的成因,并提出了一种基于投影校正的多金属伪影校正方法.该方法首先直接从投影域分割出金属区域,然后建立对金属区域投影值的校正模型,最后通过调整模型参数达到校正目的.模型以重建图像的灰度熵为目标函数,采用单纯形法迭代求解使熵最小时的校正参数.仿真和实际数据的实验结果表明,本文算法对多金属伪影的校正起到了良好的效果,且校正后的图像质量优于插值校正法.     

Stereoscopic imaging through scattering media

We develop and experimentally test a method for three-dimensional imaging of hidden objects in a scattering medium. In our scheme, objects hidden between two biological tissues at different depths from the viewing system are recovered, and their three-dimensional locations are computed. Analogous to a fly's two eyes, two microlens arrays are used to observe the hidden objects from different perspectives. At the output of each lens array we construct the objects from several sets of many speckled images with a previously suggested technique that uses a reference point. The differences of the reconstructed images in both arrays with respect to the reference point yield the information regarding the relative depth among the various objects.     

Mechanical forces and torques associated with electromagnetic waves

Mechanical forces and torques associated with electromagnetic waves impinging on several objects are computed. The incoming radiation can be linearly or circularly polarized, thus carrying linear and angular momenta. The objects are matched dipoles in several configurations and a metal sphere. Numerous interesting results are obtained.     

Multiple helical scans and the reconstruction of over FOV-sized objects in cone-beam CT

In cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT),there are often cases where the size of the specimen is larger than the field of view(FOV)(referred to as over FOV-sized(OFS)).To acquire the complete projection data for OFS objects,some scan modes have been developed for long objects and short but over-wide objects.However,these modes still cannot meet the requirements for both longitudinally long and transversely wide objects.In this paper,we propose a multiple helical scan mode and a corresponding reconstruction algorithm for both longitudinally long and transversely wide objects.The simulation results show that our model can deal with the problem and that the results are acceptable,while the OFS object is twice as long compared with the FOV in the same latitude.     

Computed laminography and reconstruction algorithm

Computed laminography (CL) is an alternative to computed tomography if large objects are to be inspected with high resolution. This is especially true for planar objects. In this paper, we set up a new scanning geometry for CL, and study the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) for CL imaging. We compare the results of ART with variant weighted functions by computer simulation with a digital phantom. It proves that ART algorithm is a good choice for the CL system.     

Scattering correction method for panel detector based cone beam computed tomography system

<正>A scattering correction method for a panel detector based cone beam computed tomography system is presented. First,the x-ray spectrum of the system is acquired by using the Monte Carlo simulation method.Secondly,scattered photon distribution is calculated and stored as correction matrixes by using the Monte Carlo simulation method according to scanned objects and computed tomography system specialties.Thirdly,scattered photons are removed from projection data by correction matrixes.A comparison of reconstruction image between before and after scattering correction demonstrates that the scattering correction method is effective for the panel detector based cone beam computed tomography system.     

General formula for fan-beam computed tomography

In this Letter, we derive a general reconstruction formula for fan-beam computed tomography (CT) utilizing the two-dimensional Dirac function, which is useful in CT imaging for moving objects.     

Infrared object detection using global and local cues based on LARK

Object detection has become a challenging problem in computer vision. Locally Adaptive Regression Kernel (LARK) based detection methods are able to produce visually pleasing results without any training. We in this paper present an effective object detection method by exploring global and local cues based on LARK features. First, we encode the local context similarity by exploiting region Structural LARK (SLARK) features, which measure the likeness of a pixel to its surroundings in the query image and the test image. Second, a global constraint based on SLARK features via Heat equation is learned to detect similar features in the test image. Results from matrix cosine similarity are computed to estimate similar regions between these computed features. A compactness score is provided to refine these regions. Next, we detect the location of objects in the test image using non-maxima suppression. We show in experiments that the proposed method significantly outperforms other methods on the infrared image datasets, localizing the objects in the test images effectively.     

Wave scattering from random sets of closely spaced objects through linear embedding via Green's operators

In this paper we present the application of linear embedding via Green's operators (LEGO) to the solution of the electromagnetic scattering from clusters of arbitrary (both conducting and penetrable) bodies randomly placed in a homogeneous background medium. In the LEGO method the objects are enclosed within simple-shaped bricks described in turn via scattering operators of equivalent surface current densities. Such operators have to be computed only once for a given frequency, and hence they can be re-used to perform the study of many distributions comprising the same objects located in different positions. The surface integral equations of LEGO are solved via the Moments Method combined with Adaptive Cross Approximation (to save memory) and Arnoldi basis functions (to compress the system). By means of purposefully selected numerical experiments we discuss the time requirements with respect to the geometry of a given distribution. Besides, we derive an approximate relationship between the (near-field) accuracy of the computed solution and the number of Arnoldi basis functions used to obtain it. This result endows LEGO with a handy practical criterion for both estimating the error and keeping it in check.     

A Note on the Null Surface Formulation of GR

The purpose of this work is to study the structure and nature of the singularities of wavefronts in flat space-time. We computed the behavior at the singularities of important objects that take place in the null surface formulation of general relativity. As a secondary result we show that the Minkowski space-time with non-trivial null surfaces is a solution of the null surface approach to general relativity.     

Analysis of scattering by conducting objects covered with arbitrarily magnetised plasma using finite element-boundary integral-fast multipole algorithm

The electromagnetic (EM) scattering by conducting objects covered with arbitrarily magnetised plasma is computed using the hybrid vector finite element-boundary integral-fast multipole method (FE-BI-FMM). The relative permittivity tensor of arbitrarily magnetised plasma is described. The FE-BI-FMM formulation for scattering by three-dimensional (3D) conducting objects covered with arbitrarily magnetised plasma is derived in detail. The validity of FE-BI-FMM is verified by comparing numerical results with analytical values. The radar cross-sections (RCS) of conducting objects covered with magnetised plasmas are simulated and the effects of plasma parameters on RCS are analysed. Numerical results indicate that magnetised plasma cover layer is effective on reducing the back scattering if appropriate parameters of plasma are chosen.     

Computation of surface roughness using optical correlation

The laser speckle photography is used to calculate the average surface roughness from the autocorrelation function of the aluminum diffuse objects. The computed results of surface roughness obtained from the profile shapes of the autocorrelation function of the diffuser show good agreement with the results obtained by the stylus profile meter.      

基于特征匹配和校验的鲁棒实时电子稳像

提出了一种基于特征点匹配和校验的鲁棒实时电子稳像算法.首先利用Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi角点检测器提取参考帧和当前帧的特征点,并用绝对误差和准则进行特征点匹配|在校验阶段,提出一种能够有效剔除前景运动物体特征点和错误匹配点的空间位置不变准则|最后,在相似运动模型下,利用最小二乘法求解全局运动矢量进行运动补偿.实验证明:该算法满足实时性要求,对视频的平移、旋转、缩放运动都有较好的稳像效果,并对运动物体具有鲁棒性.     

Incoherent optical processing: Sampling the incoherent spectrum

The incoherent spectrum of the object is linearly filtered by the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the incoherent imaging system. When coding a convinient filter upon the MTF, the system becomes an information processor. Statistical filters are computed from the objects to be classified, whose incoherent spectra must be measured. This paper presents the principle of the sampling of incoherent spectra, a computer-operated sampling system, and the first experimental results.     

Numerical heterodyne holography with two-dimensional photodetector arrays

We present an original heterodyne holography method for digital holography that relies on two-dimensional heterodyne detection to record the phase and the amplitude of a field. The technique has been tested on objects as much as 13 mm in size. Consistency checks were performed, and high-resolution images were computed. We show the requirement for a spatial filter to select properly sampled near-axis photons. Heterodyne holography is superior to off-axis digital holography for both field of view and resolution.     

Radiation from finite cylindrical shell with irregular-shaped acoustic enclosure

In practical situations, large machinery is usually placed in an underwater vessel and changes the acoustic enclosure shape into an irregular one. The existence of machinery causes the difficulties in expressing sound transmission and radiation analytically. In this study, the sound radiation of a cylindrical shell excited by an internal acoustic source is modeled and analyzed. The cylindrical shell contains a machine modeled as a rectangular object, which is attached to a shell with a spring-mass system. The acoustic field of the cavity is computed by the integro-modal approach. The effect of object size on the coupling between acoustic mode and structural mode is investigated. The relationship between object volume and sound radiation is also studied. Numerical results show that the existence of objects inside vessels leads to a more effective coupling between the structure and acoustic enclosure than the existence of no objects in a regular-shaped cavity(i.e. empty vessel).     

Spatially-resolved potential measurement with ion crystals

We present a method to measure potentials over an extended region using one-dimensional ion crystals in a radio frequency (RF) ion trap. The equilibrium spacings of the ions within the crystal allow the calculation of the external forces acting at each point. From this the overall potential is computed, and even potentials due to specific trap features can be determined. The method can be used to probe potentials near proximal objects in real time, and can be generalised to higher dimensions.     

Monopoles, instantons and chiral condensate in lattice QCD

We analyze the interplay of topological objects in four-dimensional QCD at finite temperature on the lattice. The distributions of color magnetic monopoles in the maximum abelian gauge are computed around instantons. Studies are performed in both pure and full QCD and in both the confinement and deconfinement phase. We find an enhanced probability for monopoles inside the core of an instanton on gauge field average. This is independent of the topological charge definition used. For specific gauge field configurations we visualize the situation graphically. Moreover the correlation of monopole loops and instantons with the chiral condensate is investigated. Strong evidence is found that clusters of the quark condensate and topological objects coexist locally on individual configurations.     

计算域对CFD模拟结果的影响

CFD数值模拟技术正迅速地成为学术研究和工程实际问题分析及设计中不可缺少的工具。然而由于计算机的限制,人们在进行数值计算时常常对所研究的问题进行简化,例如几何模型简化、物理模型简化、以及边界条件近似等,这些都会对计算结果带来一定的误差。本文将通过两个轴流压缩机的例子说明计算域和边界条件选取对数值模拟结果的影响。