阶跃光纤低阶线偏振模的M2因子分析

针对阶跃光纤输出低阶线偏振模（Linear Polarization,LP）,利用二阶距定束宽,多点拟合法计算了几个低阶LP mn模相干和非相干叠加时的M2因子.结果表明,对同一LP mn模式,光纤的归一化频率参量V减小到截止频率时,M2因子出现峰值;当V远离截止频率时M2因子趋于一定值.低阶LP mn模非相干叠加时,叠加后的较高阶模成分越大,合成光束的光束质量越差,光束在一定的条件下可能比基模更接近于理想高斯光束;而相干叠加时,合成后的M2因子可以大于参与叠加的较高阶模的光束质量因子.     

Degradation of beam quality and depolarization of the laser beam in a step-index multimode optical fiber

The characteristics of a laser beam are altered during propagating through large-core multimode optical fibers. The distribution of modes excited by the input laser beam is modified by means of mode coupling on transmission through the fiber, leading to the degradation of beam quality and the depolarization of the delivered beam. The relationship between the beam quality factor (M²) of output beam from a large-core multimode fiber and the fiber length, as well as the relationship between the degree of polarization (V) of output beam from such a fiber and the fiber length, are introduced in this paper. When a laser beam was well launched into a large-core step-index multimode fiber, M² of the output beam was a compound tanh function of the fiber length. A linear polarization beam that well launched into such fiber suffered depolarization. The V of the output beam was an exponent function of fiber length. And the misalignment between beam axis and fiber axis made the beam quality degrade faster but made no difference of the utmost M² in the aligned and misaligned conditions. Also, the misalignment condition made the polarization of output beam degrade faster.     

Beam quality factor for coherently combined fiber laser beams

The beam quality factor for a coherently combined beam is studied in detail. A theoretical analysis and a numerical calculation are given to illustrate that the M² factor is not a proper means for evaluating the beam quality of a coherently combined beam. The beam propagation factor is introduced to evaluate the beam quality. The effect of phase error on the beam quality is also studied. Results indicate that the beam quality of a coherently combined beam depends mainly on the fill factor of the laser array and not on the number of lasers. It is also revealed that the allowed phase error does not change with the number of lasers in order to ensure the energy encircled in a certain bucket.     

Coupling efficiency of laser beam to multimode fiber

The coupling efficiency of laser beam to multimode fiber is given by geometrical optics, and the relation between the maximum coupling efficiency and the beam propagation factor M² is analyzed. An equivalent factor for the multimode fiber is introduced to characterize the fiber coupling capability. The coupling efficiency of laser beam to multimode fiber is calculated in respect of the ratio by the overlapping integral theory. The optimal coupling efficiency can be roughly estimated by the ratio of M² to but with a large error range. The deviation comes from the lacks of information on the detail of phase and intensity profile in the beam factor M².     

熔拉和腐蚀单模阶跃光纤的模场分析

考虑到包层厚度和包层外介质的影响 ,在单模光纤的高斯近似理论基础上 ,导出了单模阶跃光纤模场半径方程 ,并就光纤在传感等领域应用中常见的熔拉和腐蚀处理两种情况 ,进行了相应的数值计算 ,给出了近似解析解。引入特性转换点 ,对模场特性作了分析。     

Theoretical analysis of multimode fiber amplifiers and lasers containing spatial filters

By the use of the coupling theory of the modes and the multimode rate equations, the performances of the multimode fiber amplifiers or lasers containing a spatial filter have been discussed. After the rate equations applicable to amplifiers are solved, the beam quality factors of the output from a multimode fiber amplifier with and without a single mode filter have been evaluated and compared. By the use of the analytical expression of the threshold pump power applicable to the multimode fiber lasers with the spatial filter and doped with quasi two-energy-level ions, and two example fibers had been selected which may guide 4 and 9 transversal modes, respectively, the threshold pump power for each transversal fiber mode has been evaluated. The results indicate that the single mode filter, does introduce a very strong discrimination for the modes between the high order modes and the fundamental mode. This should considerably favor the operation of the fundamental mode in the lasers with a homogeneously broadened active medium.     

拉锥光纤中光传输模场的矢量分析

采用二维矢量时域有限差分法(FDTD),考虑了拉锥光纤芯层的折射率分布和光纤芯层直径等参数,详细分析了拉锥光纤的锥度、拉锥后纳米光纤半径等对拉锥光纤中光波模场分布和传输特性的影响。计算结果表明,单模光纤芯层的折射率分布函数对光纤中光传输模场分布影响较小;拉锥光纤锥度越大光波的能量损耗越大;当拉锥后纳米光纤半径逐渐变小时,纳米光纤的光传输模场中心光强先逐渐增强然后又逐渐减小。     

Scaling of Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber to 200 μm core diameter for high beam quality laser output

The rare earth-doped active fibers not only have ten thousands of square-micron core-area but also deliver a laser with near-diffraction-limited beam quality. However, they have been studied little. In this paper, we design a 200-μm-corediameter Yb~(3+)-doped photonic crystal fiber with a large pitch in the air-hole cladding region. Simulations demonstrate that only fundamental mode(FM) with a mode field area(MFA) of ～ 28000 μm~2 can be amplified and propagated at the gain saturation, and the beam quality M~2 is about 1.5. It is predicted that almost 105 m J single-pulse energy is available from such a 1.5-meter-length fiber.     

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Study on Generation of a Dark Hollow Beam by a Micron-sized Hollow Optical Fiber

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一种教学用简易飞秒光纤激光器的研制

介绍了一种适合于日常高校光学或光电技术专业的研究生和高年级本科生熟悉、了解飞秒激光教学实验用的飞秒光纤激光器.该飞秒激光光源基于非线性旋转偏振效应被动锁模原理,输出脉冲宽度为440 fs、脉宽带宽积为0.362、中心波长在1560 nm附近、平均输出功率为12mW、脉冲重复频率为31.15MHz.     

Reflections from polished single mode fiber ends

Abstract

The performance of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with optical cross-connects (OXCs) and in the presence of polarization and nonlinear effects was analyzed. We determined the effect of PMD and PDL; nonlinearity such as XPM, SPM, and FWM; and CD on the system performance. We found that the system outage probability is highest at DGD threshold for the respective maximum eye closure (EC). We showed that the allowable DGD depends on the time slot for one bit T, which is the inverse of the network bit rate. Wider T is more immune to large PMD with the EC still maintained at the same level since DGD/T is unchanged. Our analysis also indicated that as DGD increases, BER increases. The BER also increases with increase in PDL and further increases with the presence of XPM, SPM, FWM, and CD.     

超声场的光纤探测

在高强度聚焦的超声场检测中,与一般的传感器相比,光纤在这一领域有着其特有的优势。本文从光纤的角度详细分析了各种可能的方法,比如端面法,声光衍射法,光纤光栅法等。     

准光腔品质因数的标网测量与研究

 采用标量网络分析仪(SNA)对毫米波段的Fabry-Perot准光腔进行了品质因数测定。通过纵向半波数的测试确定了谐振峰对应的模式，给出了AV3617测量数据并计算了相应的外观品质因数和固有品质因数，详细分析了扫频测试的误差及其误差来源。分析表明，半功率点的频率测定误差是引起准光腔品质因数测量误差的主要因素；利用扫频源HP83630A较高的频率分辨率，结合参考频标使测试数据的有效位数增加，从而提高了测试准光腔品质因数的精度。     

Construction and characterization of interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) with erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)

Gyroscopes, which sense changes on absolute angular rate and are classified into Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (IFOG), Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLG) and Micro- Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Gyroscopes, are critical components of the navigation systems together with accelerometers. Being dominant over other types of gyroscopes in terms of performance and cost, IFOGs have widely been used in metrology and in particular defense/aerospace industry. This paper covers the design details of both optical and electronic components of IFOG prototype, the sensing mechanism of which is based on Sagnac Phase Shift, constructed in Optics Laboratory of National Metrology Institute of TURKEY as absolute angular rate sensor. In the prototype IFOG, open-loop configuration was applied, a single mode telecommunication optical fiber and an EDFA pumped by DFB laser emitting at 1549.0 nm were used as sensing coil and broadband source, respectively. The voltage data carrying Sagnac Phase Shift was extracted by a phase tracking circuit consisting of an active RC band pass filter, an amplifier with adjustable gain and an AD630 balanced modulator chip which was operated as lock-in. For the prototype IFOG, peak to peak noise of 8 (°/h) and bias stability of 1.57 (°/h) were attained respectively. Moreover the scale factor of 13.83 (°/h)/mV was derived with deviation of 0.73%.     

双曲余弦高斯列阵光束在湍流大气中的光束传输因子

本文推导出了双曲余弦高斯(ChG)列阵光束在湍流大气中的光束传输因子( M ^{2因子)的解析公式,并采用相对 M 2因子研究了湍流对 M 2因子的影响.研究表明,在湍流大气中 M 2因子不再是一个传输不变量,湍流使得 M 2因子增大.非相干合成情况下, M 2因子随着传输距离、光束参数、相对子光束间距和子光束数目的增大而增大.相干合成情况下, M 2因子随光束参数和相对子光束间距的增大呈现振荡上升.相干合成情况下的 M 2因子比 关键词： M2因子)')" href="#">光束传输因子(M2因子) 光束质量 双曲余弦高斯列阵光束 大气湍流}     

准光腔品质因数的标网测量与研究

采用标量网络分析仪(SNA)对毫米波段的Fabry-Perot准光腔进行了品质因数测定。通过纵向半波数的测试确定了谐振峰对应的模式,给出了AV3617测量数据并计算了相应的外观品质因数和固有品质因数,详细分析了扫频测试的误差及其误差来源。分析表明,半功率点的频率测定误差是引起准光腔品质因数测量误差的主要因素;利用扫频源HP83630A较高的频率分辨率,结合参考频标使测试数据的有效位数增加,从而提高了测试准光腔品质因数的精度。     

基于线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的光纤光栅传感实验研究

提出了一种基于线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的光纤布拉格光栅传感解调系统,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。此传感系统具有稳定性好、信噪比高、结构简单等特点。实验结果表明:在常温下光纤光栅传感解调系统能很好的实现光纤光栅传感信号的传感和检测;15m掺铒光纤用作增益介质可以产生较大信噪比的稳定激光输出,系统在4nm范围内的解调精度为0.04nm。     

Guiding Properties of a Tapered Photonic Crystal Fiber Compared with Those of a Tapered Single-Mode Fiber

We have fabricated tapered photonic crystal fibers using a fusion splicer and experimentally observed the near-field mode distribution and the beam divergence of it. We have also compared characteristics of the tapered photonic crystal fiber with those of a tapered standard single-mode fiber. Unlike a tapered standard single-mode fiber, the mode field profile of a tapered photonic crystal fiber shows a good confinement of its field within the core region. The numerical apertures of tapered photonic crystal fibers are increased as the diameter of the fiber is decreased.