Diffraction effect of the injected beam in axisymmetrical structural CO2 laser

Diffraction effect of the injected beam in axisymmetrical structural CO₂ laser is studied based on the injection-locking principle. The light intensity of the injected beam at the plane where the holophotes lie is derived according to the Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral equation. And then the main parameters which influence the diffraction light intensity are given. The calculated results indicate that the first-order diffraction signal will play an important role in the phase-locking when the zero-order diffraction cannot reach the folded cavities. The numerical examples are given to confirm the correctness of the results, and the comparisons between the theoretical and the experimental results are illustrated.     

The research of phase-locking of more discharge tubes for two-dimensional axisymmetric-fold combination resonator CO2 laser

A method of reflection-injection phase-locking used on two-dimensional axisymmetric-fold combination resonator (ASFC) CO₂ laser has been proposed. The structure characteristics and the method of phase-locking have been introduced. The expression of output light intensity distribution has been deduced by matrix theory and Collins Formula and the output light intensity distribution has been numerically calculated and simulated. Comparing the output light intensity distribution in the case of phase-locking with that of non-phase-locking. The result shows that this method of phase-locking greatly improve the characteristics of output beam.     

Scattering of on-axis polarized Gaussian light beam by spheroidal water coating aerosol particle

Small particle light scattering can produce light with polarization characteristics different from those of the incident beam. An analytical solution to the scattering by a spheroid with inclusion for an on-axis polarized Gaussian beam incidence is provided within the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory framework. The shapes of the inclusion can be spherical, confocal spheroid, or non-confocal spheroid. The Muller scattering matrix elements are computed for plane wave incidence or Gaussian light beam incidence. The effect of the size and shape of the inclusion or the coating on the polarized Oaussian light scattering characteristics by a spheroidal water coating aerosol Darticle are commlted and a,nalvzed.     

Phase-locking resonator with annular gain media

A new type of laser resonator that is designed to extract good phase coherence and circular beams from an annular gain region is developed. We also calculated the parameters theoretically by applying the resonator to a CO₂ laser. And the transfer characteristics of the output beam from the phase-locking laser resonator through a lens are also discussed.     

The characteristics analysis of a new-style four-mirror axisymmetric-fold-combination cavity adapting to cylindrical discharge region

An axisymmetric-fold-combination (ASFC) cavity composed of two planar mirrors and spherical mirrors was designed. It is a stable-unstable resonator cavity. The light field of radial direction is Gaussian distribution. And in angular orientation, the distribution keeps invariant. It could generate annular CO₂ laser beam with excellent spatial coherence. And the spatial coherence is commendably realized with its stable-unstable cavity structure. The output light intensity distribution of this special model was discussed and simulated. With exterior lenses group, the output beams can be adjusted and controlled better to meet the manufactural requirements. Some references were provided for further research of the cavity with cylindrical discharge region.     

理论模拟有核细胞对高斯光束偏振散射特性的影响

利用双层球形粒子模拟了有核细胞;根据广义米理论(GLMT),对入射激光束(高斯光束)利用矢量球谐函数进行展开;利用分离变量法研究了有核细胞对高斯光束的散射特性的影响.数值计算了高斯光束正入射时,斯托克斯散射矩阵中各元素的角分布,并与平面波入射情况进行了比较.     

光在类锥形梯度折射率纤维中的传播——波动光学研究

本文从近轴波动方程出发,寻求光在类锥梯度折射率纤维中传播的解析解。研究了在纤维中传播的高斯光束光斑半径、波面曲率半径、光束强度分市的变化规律,并讨论了准锥形近似及准几何光学传播条件。     

非傍轴矢量高斯光束的传输

运用非傍轴光束传输的矢量矩理论，对非傍轴矢量高斯光束的传输特性进行了系统的研究.结果表明，基于二阶矩定义的横向光束宽度在光束传播过程中满足简单的双曲线变化规律，并且给出了光束传输因子的解析表达式.就高度非傍轴情形，进一步给出了简洁的计算公式，在高斯光源线度趋向零的极限情形下，横向的最大发散角为90°.同时，还推广到了傍轴情形，得到了与原有傍轴公式稍有区别的结果，而且光束传输因子始终保持略大于1最后，对非傍轴矢量高斯光束和非傍轴标量高斯光束的传输进行了比较，结果显示对于线度在两个波长范围之内的高斯光源发散 关键词： 矢量高斯光束 光束传输 非傍轴 二阶矩     

Arbitrary direction incident Gaussian beam scattering by multispheres

Based on spherical vector wave functions and their coordinate rotation theory,the field of a Gaussian beam in terms of the spherical vector wave functions in an arbitrary unparallel Cartesian coordinate system is expanded.The beam shape coefficient and its convergence property are discussed in detail.Scattering of an arbitrary direction Gaussian beam by multiple homogeneous isotropic spheres is investigated.The effects of beam waist width,sphere separation distance,sphere number,beam centre positioning,and incident angle for a Gaussian beam with two polarization modes incident on various shaped sphere clusters are numerically studied.Moreover,the scattering characteristics of two kinds of shaped red blood cells illuminated by an arbitrary direction incident Gaussian beam with two polarization modes are investigated.Our results are expected to provide useful insights into particle sizing and the measurement of the scattering characteristics of blood corpuscle particles with laser diagnostic techniques.     

Fourth order correction to a Gaussian beam focused with a parabolic index lens

We formulate the fourth order correction to a paraxial Gaussian beam propagated along the axis of symmetry of a parabolic index lens. First we examine the evolution of a complex-source-point spherical wave (equivalent paraxially to a Gaussian beam) through the lens in a two-dimensional xz plane. Taking into account the terms of up to fourth order in aperture variables, we find a ray-optical solution to the exit beam that is represented in terms of aberration function. We also analyze the effect of the lens aberration exerted on the degradation in the quality of a Gaussian beam. The fourth order-corrected wave function derived here may be used to evaluate the quality of a Gaussian beam focused with a parabolic index lens. Further it may be applied to the case of an orthogonal system in which the index variations are different in the xz and yz planes.     

Phase-locking of the tunable two-dimensional axisymmetrical folded-combined CO2 laser

The frequency modulation of the two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetrical folded and combined (ASFC) CO₂ laser is performed by a blazed grating. Its principle of phase-locking is studied in detail. The properties of the injected mode in ASFC and the mode coupling coefficient, which are analyzed, will be considered to be the main factors of the phase-locking. It is shown that the effect of phase-locking will not be influenced when the blazed grating is adjusted. However, it will influence the distribution of the light intensity to some degree.     

Axial distribution of Gaussian beam limited by a hard-edged aperture

In this letter, the axial distribution of Gaussian beam limited by a hard-edged aperture is studied. We theoretically analyze the axial diffraction of Gaussian beam limited by a hard-edged aperture, and give the simpler formulas of the axial diffraction intensities of Gaussian beam in Fresnel diffraction field and Fraunhofer diffraction field. The corresponding numerical calculation of axial diffraction intensity distribution of Gaussian beam with different wave waist is provided and the evolution of the diffraction distribution with the wave waist of Gaussian beam is explained. As the especial cases of the truncated Gaussian beam,the Gaussian beam in free space and the parallel light limited by the aperture are discussed too, and the system parameters of the truncated Gaussian beam which can cause it to equal to these cases are given.The theoretical results conform to the numerical analysis.     

Wavelength-dependent intensity distribution of a Gaussian beam scattered by a spherical particle

The wavelength-dependent intensity of a light beam scattered by an isotropic homogeneous particle illuminated with an on-axis monochromatic polarized Gaussian beam is calculated in this paper. The vector spherical harmonics expansion and T transformation matrix are used to form the theoretical basis. Numerical results show that the angular intensity distribution is symmetric for an on-axis polarized Gaussian beam illumination upon an aqueous spherical particle at 473, 532 and 660 nm. For the specified aqueous spherical particle, the scattered intensity distribution decreases with increase in wavelengths.     

高斯光束中吸收双层球形微粒的横向光俘获

为了研究吸收双层球形微粒的横向光俘获,基于几何光学模型提出了双层带吸收球形微粒的光俘获模型,对TEM₀₀模式高斯光束照射下外层有光吸收的双层电介质球形微粒受到的横向光俘获力进行了数值模拟,取得了光俘获力特性的一系列结果.结果显示,双层球形微粒的外层吸收系数对包括稳态俘获位置,峰值强度,稳态俘获的刚度等光俘获特性有很大影响.此外,内外径的比率对吸收双层球形微粒的光俘获特性也有调制性的影响.在一定条件下,带吸收的双层球形微粒可以被俘获在光轴上,也可能被俘获在中心在光轴上的圆环上. 关键词： 光俘获 几何光学模型 高斯光束 吸收双层球     

Scalar field of nonparaxial Gaussian beams

A family of closed-form expressions for the scalar field of strongly focused Gaussian beams in oblate spheroidal coordinates is given. The solutions satisfy the wave equation and are free from singularities. The lowest-order solution in the far field closely matches the energy density produced by a sine-condition, high-aperture lens illuminated by a paraxial Gaussian beam. At the large waist limit the solution reduces to the paraxial Gaussian beam form. The solution is equivalent to the spherical wave of a combined complex point source and sink but has the advantage of being more directly interpretatable.     

产生多个高光强梯度局域空心光束的理论与实验

在实验中用贝塞尔光束与球面波叠加得到多个具有高强度梯度的局域空心光束(BB)。用衍射理论分析了贝塞尔光束与球面波叠加的光场,借助软件对两光场相干叠加的光强分布进行了模拟,结果表明在球面波的焦点附近能够形成多个高强度梯度的BB。实验中贝塞尔光束和球面波分别用轴棱锥和透镜对平行光聚焦获得,使两光场在同一传播轴上相干叠加,在球面波焦点附近观察到多个BB。通过对比可知,贝塞尔光束与球面波叠加所得BB比用两束贝塞尔光束干涉产生的BB在暗域处具有更大的光强梯度,更有利于稳定的粒子囚禁。     

Transformation of optical-vortex beams by holograms with embedded phase singularity

Spatial characteristics of diffracted beams produced by the “fork” holograms from incident circular Laguerre-Gaussian modes are studied theoretically. The complex amplitude distribution of a diffracted beam is described by models of the Kummer beam or of the hypergeometric-Gaussian beam. Physically, in most cases its structure is formed under the influence of the divergent spherical wave originating from the discontinuity caused by the hologram’s groove bifurcation. Presence of this wave is manifested by the ripple structure in the near-field beam pattern and by the power-law amplitude decay at the beam periphery. Conditions when the divergent wave is not excited are discussed.The diffracted beam carries a screw wavefront dislocation (optical vortex) whose order equals to algebraic sum of the incident beam azimuthal index and the topological charge of the singularity imparted by the hologram. The input beam singularity can be healed when the above sum is zero. In such cases the diffracted beam can provide better energy concentration in the central intensity peak than the Gaussian beam whose initial distribution coincides with the Gaussian envelope of the incident beam. Applications are possible for generation of optical-vortex beams with prescribed properties and for analyzing the optical-vortex beams in problems of information processing.     

The intensity distribution of hollow Gaussian beams focused by a lens with spherical aberration

We developed an expression that describes the hollow Gaussian beams (HGBs) passing through a spherically aberrated lens by using the Collins formula. The radial intensity distribution in both spherical aberration SA free lens, lens that exhibits relatively large in both positive spherical aberration PSA, and negative spherical aberration NSA is calculated. Numerical calculations are made and the results show that the PSA and NSA have a strong influence on the intensity distribution especially at the focus. The study showed remarkable results for which there is no hollow Gaussian beam at a large NSA along the optical axis at the focus. In addition, we found that the DSS, and w_r of focused hollow Gaussian beams in the focal region depend not only on the beam radius, and beam order; but also on the spherical aberration.