薛定谔猫态的产生与探测及其对Jaynes-Cummings模型的影响

利用大失谐情况下的简并喇曼过程和双光子Jaynes-Cummings模型来产生电磁场中的宏观量子叠加态,即薛定旋风谔猫态,并探讨如何用零频检测的方法来探测这些态。研究了当电磁场初态为薛定谔猫态时,对强度耦合的Jaynes-Cummings模型中原子反转的崩塌与再生现象的影响,将在以相干态为初态所产生的原子反转的崩塌区产生不同程度的再生现象。 关键词：     

Quantum dynamics of an impurity-doped Bose-Einstein condensate system

We study the quantum dynamics of an impurity-doped Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) system. We show how to generate the macroscopic quantum superposition states (MQSSs) of the BEC by the use of projective measurements on impurity atoms. It is found that the nonclassicality of MQSSs can be manipulated by changing the number of the impurities and their interaction with the BEC. It is shown that the BEC matter-wave field exhibits a collapse and revival phenomenon which reveals the quantum nature of the BEC matter-wave field. We investigate the micro-macro entanglement between the impurities and the BEC, and find enhancement of the micro-macro entanglement induced by the initial quantum coherence of the impurity atoms.     

Qubit entanglement driven by remote optical fields

We examine the entanglement between two qubits, supposed to be remotely located and driven by independent quantized optical fields. No interaction is allowed between the qubits, but their degree of entanglement changes as a function of time. We report a collapse and revival of entanglement that is similar to the collapse and revival of single-atom properties in cavity QED.     

Entanglement and nonlocality in multi-particle systems

Entanglement, the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox and Bell’s failure of local-hiddenvariable (LHV) theories are three historically famous forms of “quantum nonlocality”. We give experimental criteria for these three forms of nonlocality in multi-particle systems, with the aim of better understanding the transition from microscopic to macroscopic nonlocality. We examine the nonlocality of N separated spin J systems. First, we obtain multipartite Bell inequalities that address the correlation between spin values measured at each site, and then we review spin squeezing inequalities that address the degree of reduction in the variance of collective spins. The latter have been particularly useful as a tool for investigating entanglement in Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). We present solutions for two topical quantum states: multi-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and the ground state of a two-well BEC.     

Quantum-phase dynamics of two-component Bose–Einstein condensates: Collapse–revival of macroscopic superposition states

We investigate the long-time dynamics of two-component dilute gas Bose–Einstein condensates with relatively different two-body interactions and Josephson couplings between the two components. Although in certain parameter regimes the quantum state of the system is known to evolve into macroscopic superposition, i.e., Schrödinger cat state, of two states with relative atom number differences between the two components, the Schrödinger cat state is also found to repeat the collapse and revival behavior in the long-time region. The dynamical behavior of the Pegg–Barnett phase difference between the two components is shown to be closely connected with the dynamics of the relative atom number difference for different parameters. The variation in the relative magnitude between the Josephson coupling and intra- and inter-component two-body interaction difference turns out to significantly change not only the size of the Schrödinger cat state but also its collapse–revival period, i.e., the lifetime of the Schrödinger cat state.     

Bose-Hubbard模型中系统初态对量子关联的影响

量子关联是量子信息、量子计算与量子计量领域的重要资源, 在量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性中, 两子系统起着同等关键的作用, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)量子引导关联的强度介于量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性之间, 对单向EPR量子引导关联而言两子系统的作用不对等. 本文研究了双模Bose-Hubbard模型中模间量子关联的动态特性, 揭示了EPR量子引导关联的取向对系统初态模间交换对称性的依赖关系. 根据Hillery-Zubairy纠缠判据以及基于最大平均量子Fisher信息的纠缠判据考察了系统初态对模间量子纠缠演化规律的影响. 如果模间耦合强度远大于同一势阱内粒子间的相互作用, 初始处于SU(2)相干态的系统在具有确定的两子系统交换对称性的条件下, 其量子关联呈现简单的周期性演化规律; 当这种对称性破缺时, 模间量子关联的演化呈现较复杂的崩塌与回复现象.     

Coherent states and quantum oscillations of BEC-BCS systems

We show by using the mean-field approximation that the states of composite Fermi-Bose superfluids created in cold-atom traps via a Feshbach resonance at zero temperature are generalized SU(2)⊗SU(1,1) coherent states. In response to a sudden change of the interaction between fermionic atoms and bosonic molecules, a Cooper pair can exhibit collapse and revival quantum behaviors for an initial generalized coherent state of molecules, and Rabi oscillation for a vacuum molecular state. Occurrence of the collapse and revival phenomenon is thus the manifestation of the formation of the Bose-Einstein condensate.     

Quench dynamics of edge states in 2-D topological insulator ribbons

We study the dynamics of edge states of the two dimensional BHZ Hamiltonian in a ribbon geometry following a sudden quench to the quantum critical point separating the topological insulator phase from the trivial insulator phase. The effective edge state Hamiltonian is a collection of decoupled qubit-like two-level systems which get coupled to bulk states following the quench. We notice a pronounced collapse and revival of the Lochschmidt echo for low-energy edge states illustrating the oscillation of the state between the two edges. We also observe a similar collapse and revival in the spin Hall current carried by these edge states, leading to a persistence of its time-averaged value.     

Experimental study of advanced nonlocal correlations of the process of solar activity

Macroscopic nonlocality is based on quantum nonlocality and is manifested as a correlation of various dissipation processes without local interaction carriers. The nonlocal correlations obey the principle of weak causality that admits an advanced correlation of random dissipation processes. The correlation of spontaneous variations of isolated laboratory reference processes with the process of solar activity is studied experimentally. As a result, an advanced correlation is reliably detected. The feasibility of application of the macroscopic nonlocality effect to long-term forecast of background solar activity is demonstrated. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 26–33, April, 2007.     

Quantum Collapse, Consciousness and Superluminal Communication

The relation between quantum collapse, consciousness and superluminal communication is analyzed. As we know, quantum collapse, if exists, can result in the appearance of quantum nonlocality, and requires the existence of a preferred Lorentz frame. This may permit the realization of quantum superluminal communication (QSC), which will no longer result in the usual causal loop in case of the existence of a preferred Lorentz frame. The possibility of the existence of QSC is further analyzed under the assumption that quantum collapse is a real process. We demonstrate that the combination of quantum collapse and the consciousness of the observer will permit the observer to distinguish nonorthogonal states in principle. This provides a possible way to realize QSC. Some implications of the existence of QSC are briefly discussed.     

囚禁离子的非线性Jaynes-Cummings模型及其布居数反转演化

从描述囚禁离子与驻波激光场相互作用的Jaynes-Cummings(J-C)模型出发，导出了囚禁离子谐振动单量子共振激发相互作用的非线性J-C模型. 通过求解这一模型的系统状态随时间变化，数值研究了离子布居数反转的演化规律. 结果表明，离子布居数反转演化的崩塌-复原周期与Lamb-Dick参数η和离子在驻波激光场中的位置有关，随着η参数的增大，离子布居数反转的崩塌-复原周期变短，当离子质心的位置从驻波激光场的波节移向波腹时，离子布居数崩塌-复原的周期变长. 关键词： 驻波激光场 囚禁离子 非线性J-C模型 Lamb-Dick参数     

Manifestation of the Macroscopic Nonlocality in Some Natural Dissipation Processes

A hypothesis of macroscopic nonlocality of dissipation processes that combines the quantum nonlocality principles and the theory of direct interparticle interaction is experimentally tested. The nonlocal character of interaction is manifested through a correlation of entropy productions in dissipation processes. Three detectors of interactions of this type have been developed. The results of long-term measurements of detector responses to various natural processes including variations in the temperature and magnetic field, sudden ionospheric perturbations, and solar activity are presented. The nonlocal character of responses is demonstrated. The important feature of these responses is a time advance.     

The Violation of Bell Inequalities in the Macroworld

We show that Bell inequalities can be violated in the macroscopic world. The macroworld violation is illustrated using an example involving connected vessels of water. We show that whether the violation of inequalities occurs in the microworld or the macroworld, it is the identification of nonidentical events that plays a crucial role. Specifically, we prove that if nonidentical events are consistently differentiated, Bell-type Pitowsky inequalities are no longer violated, even for Bohm's example of two entangled spin 1/2 quantum particles. We show how Bell inequalities can be violated in cognition, specifically in the relationship between abstract concepts and specific instances of these concepts. This supports the hypothesis that genuine quantum structure exists in the mind. We introduce a model where the amount of nonlocality and the degree of quantum uncertainty are parameterized, and demonstrate that increasing nonlocality increases the degree of violation, while increasing quantum uncertainty decreases the degree of violation.     

压缩态光场变耦合系数双光子J-C模型性质

讨论了初始光场为压缩态、原子-光场耦合系数随时间变化情形下双光子过程J-C模型的量子统计性质。具体研究了双光子过程中原子布居数反转、光场的压缩等随时间的演化性质,讨论了初始光场的压缩系数、压缩相位及耦合系数变化快慢对这些性质的影响。研究结果表明,初始光场的压缩系数增大,崩塌和回复的频率增大,回复值减小。当原子-光场耦合系数变化缓慢时,崩塌和回复现象被延迟。而光场逐渐失去压缩性质;而当耦合系数变化较快时,崩塌和回复现象被加速,而光场压缩量将产生振荡,压缩效应将反复出现。     

Rabi oscillations revival induced by time reversal: a test of mesoscopic quantum coherence

Using an echo technique proposed by Morigi et al., we have time-reversed the atom-field interaction in a cavity quantum electrodynamics experiment. The collapse of the atomic Rabi oscillation in a coherent field is reversed, resulting in an induced revival signal. The amplitude of this "echo" is sensitive to nonunitary decoherence processes. Its observation demonstrates the existence of a mesoscopic quantum superposition of field states in the cavity between the collapse and the revival times.     

Study of Loschmidt Echo for a qubit coupled to an XY-spin chain environment

We study the temporal evolution of a central spin-1/2 (qubit) coupled to the environment which is chosen to be a spin-1/2 transverse XY spin chain. We explore the entire phase diagram of the spin-Hamiltonian and investigate the behavior of Loschmidt echo(LE) close to critical and multicritical point(MCP). To achieve this, the qubit is coupled to the spin chain through the anisotropy term as well as one of the interaction terms. Our study reveals that the echo has a faster decay with the system size (in the short time limit) close to a MCP and also the scaling obeyed by the quasiperiod of the collapse and revival of the LE is different in comparison to that close to a QCP. We also show that even when approached along the gapless critical line, the scaling of the LE is determined by the MCP where the energy gap shows a faster decay with the system size. This claim is verified by studying the short-time and also the collapse and revival behavior of the LE at a quasicritical point on the ferromagnetic side of the MCP. We also connect our observation to the decoherence of the central spin.     

Spontaneous Collapse Models on a Lattice

We present spontaneous collapse models of field theories on a 1+1 null lattice, in which the causal structure of the lattice plays a central role. Issues such as “locality,” “nonlocality,” and superluminal signaling are addressed in the context of the models which have the virtue of extreme simplicity. The formalism of the models is related to that of the consistent histories approach to quantum mechanics.     

辐射场的起伏对囚禁离子的量子相干性的影响

研究了囚禁离子与一随机相位的驻波场相互作用时的量子动力学行为,讨论了辐射场的起伏对囚禁离子的量子崩塌-回复特性的影响.对于相位扩散模型获得了这个问题的解析解.     

On a class of nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations and wave collapse

A similar type of nonlocal nonlinear Schr?dinger (NLS) system arises in both water waves and nonlinear optics. The nonlocality is due to a coupling between the first harmonic and a mean term. These systems are termed nonlinear Schr?dinger with mean or NLSM systems. They were first derived in water waves by Benney-Roskes and later by Davey-Stewartson. Subsequently similar equations were derived and found to be fundamental systems in quadratically nonlinear optical media. Wave collapse can occur in these systems. The collapse structure and the role of the ground state in the collapse process are studied. There are similarities to the well-known collapse mechanism associated with classical NLS system. Numerical simulations show that NLSM collapse occurs with a quasi self-similar profile that is a modulation of the corresponding ground-state. Further, it is found that NLSM collapse can be arrested by adding small nonlinear saturation.     

含高阶项Trapped离子振动态的崩塌-回复特性

解析分析了“捕陷”离子在驻波光场作用下的动力学。离子的量子平均能量随时间的变化呈现崩塌 -回复的特征 ,表明这个系统的振动态具有压缩效应。哈密顿量中的高阶项使得离子平均能量呈现不规则的崩塌 -回复 ,严重抑制离子的振动态的相干性。