关于陀螺信号处理中小波基选取的研究

在建立陀螺漂移的数学模型的基础上，使用不同的小波基对陀螺输出信号进行多尺度小波分解，去除由噪声产生的小波系数，从而达到消除噪声的目的。从不同小波基的滤波效果来看，双正交样条小波Biorl.5具有较好的去噪效果，从而也验证了小波对称性在陀螺信号去噪中的重要性。     

深圳机场软基处理的研究

小波分析是一个国际研究热点．小波包算法结果包含了Ｍａｌａｔ算法结果．小波包原算法是按小波包基顺序排列的，本文提出按频带顺序排列的小波包新算法，数值模拟以及实际应用都说明了它的正确性和优越性．对小波理论的工程化具有重大意义     

基于振动测试与小波包分析的结构损伤预警

将结构振动测试技术与小波包分析相结合，提出对振动激励信号与响应信号分别 进行小波包分解并在此基础上计算结构的小波包脉冲响应函数及其小波包能量谱，用以表征 结构动力系统的损伤状态. 通过一钢筋混凝土板静力承载力的振动试验分析，计算该板在不 同受力阶段的小波包脉冲响应函数及其小波包能量谱，在此基础上对板不同受力阶段的损伤 状态进行了判别. 该方法克服了结构动力响应的小波包能量谱不能反映结构损伤状态的缺 点，试验表明所采用的方法是可行的.     

小波基方法在波传问题中的应用

基于多尺度分析理论，引入哈密顿体系和插值小波变换，分别构造了适合于求解复杂域波传问题的快速自适应方法——多尺度辛格式和插值小波配点格式，利用小波基的局部性与消失矩等特性改善计算效率，并将插值小波应用到波动方程的多尺度反演问题中。讨论了其优缺点并提出几点展望。     

基于Haar小波变换的位移场测量方法

本文提出了一种应用小波变换对固体表面位移场进行测量的新方法，在图像分析时，用各点属于不同尺度的小波变换系数来表征该点周围的子区。将试件表面位移前后的两幅数字图像进行小波变换，通过变形前后两幅图像小波变换系数之间的相互匹配，使位移前后两幅图中的子区对应起来，从而确定图像的位移场。本文应用Haar小波变换进行了计算机模拟实验和实物位移实验。引入亚像素技术，获得了0．02的位移测量精度。     

一种基于小波变换的故障诊断改进算法

为提高多传感器组合导航系统对各导航传感器的在线故障检测能力，提出了一种基于调频高斯小波变换的导航传感器故障诊断改进算法。该算法在分析调频高斯小波特性的基础上，采用高斯小波变换计算出观测量的小波系数后，然后利用带遗忘因子的数据平滑算法对小波系数进行平滑，通过判断平滑值来诊断导航工作正常与否。其优点是仅利用传感器的观测量来直接检测导航传感器故障，适当选择小波变换的拉伸因子和数据的衰减因子可以对方差突变等软故障进行有效的在线检测，并解决了误检问题。仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

多尺度有限差分方法求解波动方程

小波分析是多尺度分析方法，本文利用具有紧支集的正交小波变换对有限差分方程进行空间多尺度近似，提出适合于层状介质波传问题数值计算的多尺度有限差分方法，将波动方程的求解转换到小波域中进行。利用小波基的自适应性与消失矩特性，有效减少了计算量、提高了稳定性，扩大了可求解的速度范围。地球物理勘探中的数值实例显示了算法具有良好效率。     

基于小波检测的捷联惯导系统初始对准抗干扰新方法

针对车载捷联导航系统初始对准中的人为或阵风干扰等问题，提出了一种基于多尺度小波系数内积的干扰信号检测算法。该算法利用惯性敏感器的输出残差来建立用于检测突变信号的跟踪信号，并利用信号边沿或快变部分小波系数表现出的特性，构造了一种小波检测信号，通过小波检测有效地抑制了外界的干扰。粗对准实验证明该算法的有效性。     

非平稳机械振动信号的小波包分析

结合非平稳机械运行状态，介绍了小波包分解的基本原理，讨论了小波包最佳基的选取；把小波包分析技术应用到实际非平稳振动信号分析中，取得了良好的效果，最后讨论了分析技术实现的一些具体问题并给出了结论。     

用小波分析探测闪光图象边缘

小波分析是目前国际上公认的最新时间-频率分析工具，由于其“自适应性”和“数学显微镜性质”而成为许多学科共同关注的焦点，小波分析作为分析工具，在图象处理中也有着广泛的应用前景，本文中，采用小波分析方法，从平行投影的闪光图象数据探测断面边缘，取得了可喜的进展。     

Failure instability of a debonded interface in the presence of a main crack

The problem of fracture initiating from an edge crack in a nonhomogeneous beam made of two dissimilar linear elastic materials that are partially bonded along a common interface is studied by the strain energy density theory. The beam is subjected to three-point bending and the unbonded part of the interface is symmetrically located with regard to the applied loading. The applied load acts on the stiffer material, while the edge crack lies in the softer material. Fracture initiation from the tip of the edge crack and global instability of the composite beam are studied by considering both the local and global stationary values of the strain energy density function, dW/dV. A length parameter l defined by the relative distance between the maximum of the local and global minima of dW/dV is determined for evaluating the stability of failure initiation by fracture. Predictions on critical loads for fracture initiation from the tip of the edge crack, crack trajectories and fracture instability are made. In the analysis the load, the length of the edge crack and the length and position of the interfacial crack remained unchanged. The influence of the ratio of the moduli of elasticity of the two materials, the position of the edge crack and the width of the stiffer material on the local and global instability of the beam was examined. A general trend is that the critical load for crack initiation and fracture instability is enhanced as the width and the modulus of elasticity of the stiffer material increase. Thus, the stiffer material acts as a barrier in load transfer.     

Damage detection method in complicated beams with varying flexural stiffness

A damage detection method for complicated beam-like structures is proposed based on the subsection strain energy method (SSEM), and its applicability condition is introduced. For a beam with the continuously varying flexural stiffness and an edge crack, the SSEM is used to detect the crack location effectively by numerical modal shapes. As a complicated beam, the glass fiber-reinforced composite model of a wind turbine blade is studied based on an experimental modal analysis. The SSEM is used to calculate the damage index from the measured modal parameters and locate the damage position in the blade model successfully. The results indicate that the SSEM based on the modal shapes can be used to detect the damages in complicated beams or beam-like structures for engineering applications.     

在线振动监测与故障诊断的一种新途径

文中由应力强度因子导出含裂纹单元的刚度矩阵,从而提出了一种有限元法.将该法用于单边裂纹悬臂梁,计算了应变响应.用时域法识别了模态参数,并考虑了裂纹闭合的影响.分析了应变响应对故障的敏感度,计算结果表明,应变响应相对于位移响应而言,对故障更敏感.本文还提出了一种判别函数,该函数对于损伤检测,比现有几种判别函数更有效.最后,给出了一种在线振动监测与故障诊断新方法.     

界面剪切实验研究

用云纹干涉法测量了带边裂纹的双材料四点简支梁在剪切作用下界面表面的剪应变分布及界面两侧局部表面的位移场（Ｕ、Ｖ场），试件是由弹性模量相差悬殊的铝合金和环氧塑料两种材料制成。文中给出了试件制备、实验方法和测试结果。     

Crack growth in concrete slab resting on steel beam: softening and damage accumulation

Analyzed in this work is the four-point bending of a concrete slab supported by a steel beam. An edge crack is assumed to prevail on the tension side of the concrete that would grow gradually while the overall stiffness and local fracture toughness of the concrete would also degrade as damage accumulates. The latter two quantities are assumed to decrease with increasing deflection of the composite system. These effects are incorporated into the strain energy density criterion that can simultaneously predict crack initiation and growth including the event of final termination. Numerical results on load and deflection are obtained for two different composite concrete/steel beam systems such that the prevailing geometric material and loading parameters are accounted for as a combination. The distances between the local and global stationary values of the volume energy density are also determined as an indication of fracture instability. An edge crack tends to extend more stably as the compressive zone ahead increases with deflection of the composite beam.     

Crack identification in beams using wavelet analysis

In this paper a simple method for crack identification in beam structures based on wavelet analysis is presented. The fundamental vibration mode of a cracked cantilever beam is analyzed using continuous wavelet transform and both the location and size of the crack are estimated. The position of the crack is located by the sudden change in the spatial variation of the transformed response. To estimate the size of the crack, an intensity factor is defined which relates the size of the crack to the coefficients of the wavelet transform. An intensity factor law is established which allows accurate prediction of crack size. The viability of the proposed method is investigated both analytically and experimentally in case of a cantilever beam containing a transverse surface crack. In the light of the results obtained, the advantages and limitations of the proposed method as well as suggestions for future work are presented and discussed.     

Delamination in a Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Beam

An analytical study of delamination in the crack lap shear beam is performed. It is assumed that the material is functionally graded along the width and height of the beam. Delamination is studied in terms of the total strain energy release rate by applying methods of linear-elastic fracture mechanics. An additional analysis of the total strain energy release rate is performed by considering the strain energies in the beam cross sections ahead of and behind the crack front for verification. The effects of the crack location and material gradient on delamination are evaluated.     

Cracking characteristics of mixed mode dislocations near a lip-like mode crack

This work is concerned with the cracking characteristics of mixed mode dislocations near a lip-like mode crack, stress intensity and strain energy density factor are obtained by using conformal mapping, singularity analysis and Cauchy integrals. Shielding effect generated by screw dislocation near a lip-like mode crack decreases with the increment of the distance between screw dislocation and crack tip. Larger distance between two faces of the crack leads to the shielding effect waning. The strain energy density factor of mode III decreases with the increment of the distance between dislocation and crack tip. Larger distance between two faces of lip-like mode crack also leads to the strain energy density factor waning and encourages crack initiation; the shielding effects generated by edge dislocation near the crack decrease with the increment of the distance between edge dislocation and crack tip.     

A new approach to on-line vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis

This paper presents a finite element method by deriving the stiffness matrix of cracked element from the stress intensity factor. The method can be used to evaluate the strain response of the cantilever beam with a single edge crack. By using the method of identification in time domain, the modal parameters are identified and at the same time the effect of crack closure is taken into consideration. Analysis has also been made of the sensitivity of the strain to the faults. Test results show that the strain response is more sensitive to faults than the displacement response. Then, a distinguishing function is introduced, which is more effective than any other existing ones in failure detection. Finally a new approach to on-line vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis is given.     

The strain energy release rates in adhesively bonded balanced and unbalanced specimens and lap joints

An analytical model is developed to determine the strain energy release rate in adhesive joints of various configurations such as the double-cantilever beam and single-lap joints. The model is based on asymptotic analysis of adhesive layer stresses and Irwin’s crack closure integral. Closed-form solutions are presented for balanced and unbalanced joints under mode I, II and mixed-mode I/II that take into account the influence of the shear force on the adhesive stresses, and its influence on the strain energy release rate. The accuracy of the model is tested against the classical beam theory expressions for double-cantilever beam and end-notch flexure specimens. In fact, classical beam theory’s expressions are found to be the lower bound of the proposed model solutions, and the two methods converge as the adhesive layer thickness decreases. Analysis of single-lap joints reveals the influence of edge shear forces on the total strain energy release rate, and more importantly on the ratio between modes I and II. Results from the proposed analytical model are in good agreement with finite element results and with analytical models found in the literature.