成像光谱仪一体化设计

随着超光谱成像技术的发展,超光谱成像光谱仪的要求也随之提高,小型化、高光谱分辨率和高空间分辨率成为发展趋势,这就要求设计者在进行仪器设计的过程中不断完善和优化设计。提出了成像光谱仪一体化设计的方法,即不单纯地进行光谱仪分光系统的设计,而是将光谱仪分光系统置于整体结构中进行整体系统设计和优化,从而实现超光谱成像光谱仪的最佳设计结果,并以近年来应用较为广泛的凸面光栅成像光谱仪为例,较为详细地阐述了成像光谱仪一体化设计方法在系统研制过程中的应用,并通过对该凸面光栅成像光谱仪的测试验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于内拼接法的宽视场成像光谱仪研制

为了增大成像光谱仪的视场,提高遥感成像的作业效率,开展了内拼接宽视场成像光谱仪的设计和研制。针对推扫成像方式,分析了基于内拼接法的宽视场成像光谱仪的组成。利用两台Offner凸面光栅分光系统进行拼接,研制了原理样机。在实验室中对原理样机的像元对准误差、光谱分辨率和调制传递函数进行测试并进行了室外成像实验。测试结果表明原理样机光谱维像元对准误差约为0.15个像元（波长为479 nm）,交轨方向和顺轨方向空间维像元对准误差分别为0.16个像元和0.19个像元。原理样机的光谱分辨率约为1.6 nm,Nyquist频率处的调制传递函数值约为0.2。通过原理样 机的研制和实验验证了内拼接法增加成像光谱仪视场的有效性。     

Influence of the interaction volume on the kinetic energy resolution of a velocity map imaging spectrometer

We investigate the influence of the interaction volume on the energy resolution of a velocity map imaging spectrometer.The simulation results show that the axial interaction size has a significant influence on the resolution. This influence is increased for a higher kinetic energy. We further show that the radial interaction size has a minor influence on the energy resolution for the electron or ion with medium energy, but it is crucial for the resolution of the electron or ion with low kinetic energy. By tracing the flight trajectories we show how the electron or ion energy resolution is influenced by the interaction size.     

用于X射线诊断的晶体布喇格成像系统

为了评估惯性约束聚变实验中激光辐射驱动的对称性和均匀性,分析靶丸的运动过程,设计一种新型诊断单色X射线的弯曲晶体布喇格成像系统,该系统核心部件由色散元件球面弯曲晶体和探测装置组成.利用光线追踪软件对该成像系统进行模拟验证,并搭建了晶体布喇格成像系统进行X射线背光成像测试实验.实验获得了清晰的Cr靶单色X射线背光二维网格信息,石英球面晶体布喇格成像系统空间分辨率为83μm,表明该成像系统可以用于等离子体X射线的背光成像诊断.     

一种组件透射式成像光谱仪设计

针对反射式成像光谱系统普遍存在多次反射(和衍射)产生杂散光和装调难度大等问题,设计了一种高性能透射式系统,全部使用通用光学组件,简化了系统结构,降低了成本和装调难度,较传统成像光谱仪有更广的适用范围。该设计中全部部件都非定制,可以根据应用场合更换,具有较好的灵活性,采用透射的方式,减少了杂散光的影响。利用ZEMAX软件仿真、优化了搭配两组不同物镜的系统光路,对畸变、MTF、色差等性能进行测试。对比25和50 mm物镜的系统性能,发现望远镜头的更换对整个系统成像质量的影响不大。参照设计参数成功搭建出一台成像光谱仪,其中望远物镜采用准对称双高斯结构,有利于控制场曲和畸变;采用透射式平面衍射光栅作为分光器件,制作工艺成熟,无需定制,装调简单。光谱分辨率和畸变测试结果显示该系统拥有良好的畸变控制能力,光谱分辨率达到2 nm,满足设计要求,利用标定后的系统测得的氘灯光谱取得了较为理想的结果。     

一种光栅型成像光谱仪光学系统设计

 成像光谱仪是一种“图谱合一”的光学遥感仪器。从光栅型成像光谱仪的使用要求出发,利用Zemax软件设计了一种光栅型成像光谱仪光学系统。其中,前置望远物镜采用反射式结构,传统的卡塞格林结构在主次镜均采用非球面时校正像差的能力依然有限,设计时采用改进后的卡塞格林结构对像差进行校正,最终设计的望远镜头传函在50 lp/mm处达到0.5,场曲控制在0.078以内,且不存在畸变。针对光谱成像系统通常采用的基于平面光栅的Czerny-Turner结构由于像差校正能力有限、成像质量较差不能满足仪器的使用要求。采用基于凸面光栅的光谱成像系统,该系统结构紧凑、可实现宽波段内像差的同时校正。最终设计的光谱成像系统光谱分辨率<5 nm,MTF在50 lp/mm时升至0.75。将前置望远物镜与光谱成像系统根据匹配原则进行组合优化后光栅型成像光谱仪系统点列图RMS半径随波长的变化均小于0.2,波长的80%的能量集中在Φ6 μm范围内,波长各视场在特征频率50 lp/mm处的光学传递函数均大于0.5。整个光学系统具有结构简单、像差校正能力强、结构尺寸较小的优点。     

一套用于研究原子团簇热力学的离子速度成像谱仪

原子团簇的激发温度可由反应产物（出射电子或碎片）的初始平动能这一可观测量间接获得,为了提高原子团簇激发温度的测量精度,设计并搭建了一套具有高动能分辨的离子速度成像谱仪。本谱仪的高动能分辨性能首先借助Simion8.0软件优化静电透镜和分子束限束装置的几何结构来实现,然后通过理论模拟证明本套谱仪具有预期好的动能分辨能力。设备搭建完成后,研究了C₆₀分子束在纳秒激光场中发生的延迟电离过程,获得了C₆₀+离子随延迟时间增加而逐渐变窄的二维时间切片图像。分析表明,激光脉冲产生的多个C₆₀+离子间的库仑耦合作用将会扩展二维切片图像的横向分布,提取库仑耦合作用对C₆₀+离子初始平动能的影响,并通过分析C₆₀+离子间的库仑耦合随延迟时间增加而逐渐变弱的定量依赖关系,证实了本套谱仪具有了设计预期的高动能分辨能力。这一工作为下一步基于离子速度成像技术细致研究分子热力学的相关课题提供技术参考。Excitation temperature of fragmenting atomic clusters can been extracted from the initial kinetic energies of ionic products. To improve the accuracy of the temperature measurements, we have designed an ionic velocity map imaging spectrometer with high kinetic energy resolution. Firstly, based on the simulations using Simion8.0 software, the high resolution is obtained by adjusting the structure of the electrostatic lenses and collimation of molecular beam. According to theoretical analysis, it is proved that the spectrometer has a well defined kinetic energy resolution. Then, we have studied the delay ionization processes of C60 induced by nanosecond laser. A series of narrowed two-dimensional time-sliced velocity images of the C60+ with increasing the delayed time were recorded. Analysis revealed that Coulomb force between C60+ clusters in same laser shots will broadening the transverse distribution of 2D image. Considering the influence of Coulomb force on initial kinetic energy of C60+ clusters, the high resolution has been proved by analysing the negative relationship between Coulomb force and delayed time. It indicates that the establishment of the spectrometer builds up a good basis for next experiments on the studies for molecular thermodynamics in atomic clusters.     

干涉成像光谱仪的通量特性分析

针对高分辨率成像光谱仪的应用要求,对大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪在不同光照条件下进行了计算分析,表明这种成像光谱仪在能量利用率方面有明显优势.研制仪器的机载飞行试验结果表明,虽然机载试验在2004年12月份进行,太阳高度角在全年中最小,但是图像的个别地方仍会饱和.机载飞行试验进一步验证了干涉成像光谱仪的高通量特性,同时也说明,仪器的地元分辨率指标还有提高的潜力.     

聚变中子能谱测量系统脉冲中子灵敏度的实验研究

为多种复杂环境下的稳态和脉冲DT聚变中子能谱测量建立了一种灵敏度优化反冲质子磁谱仪. 使用成像板和同位素α源测量了谱仪的反冲质子能量-位置投影关系. 利用稳态加速器中子源平台、通过单粒子计数方法结合三维带电粒子输运程序模拟,研究了谱仪脉冲中子灵敏度能量响应. 通过高探测效率参数设置使谱仪对DT中子的探测效率达到2×10^-5 cm²水平,从而在较弱中子源上获得了较高统计精度实验数据. 程序模拟结果与谱仪α粒子刻度和DT中子标定实验结果取得了良好的一致性,可由此发展精细解谱技术,以提高脉冲中子能谱测量的灵敏度和能量分辨. 关键词： 聚变中子能谱 磁反冲质子 脉冲中子灵敏度 粒子输运     

A multiplexed high‐resolution imaging spectrometer for resonant inelastic soft X‐ray scattering spectroscopy

The optical design of a two‐dimensional imaging soft X‐ray spectrometer is described. A monochromator will produce a dispersed spectrum in a narrow vertical illuminated stripe (～2 µm wide by ～2 mm tall) on a sample. The spectrometer will use inelastically scattered X‐rays to image the extended field on the sample in the incident photon energy direction (vertical), resolving the incident photon energy. At the same time it will image and disperse the scattered photons in the orthogonal (horizontal) direction, resolving the scattered photon energy. The principal challenge is to design a system that images from the flat‐field illumination of the sample to the flat field of the detector and to achieve sufficiently high spectral resolution. This spectrometer provides a completely parallel resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering measurement at high spectral resolution (～30000) over the energy bandwidth (～5 eV) of a soft X‐ray absorption resonance.     

高分辨率星载真空紫外成像光谱仪设计与研究

为了实现对大气层中辐射波长分布在真空紫外和近紫外波段(115～300 nm)的粒子探测,完善大气遥感,设计了一种高分辨率成像光谱仪,并开展了原理样机的研制.根据国外已有载荷进行分析,选用了以离轴抛物镜为望远系统、Czerny-Tumer结构为成像光谱系统的光学方案;针对真空紫外波段辐射弱的特点选取了带有MCP的二维光子...     

Molecular imaging of drug-eluting coronary stents: method development, optimization and selected applications

A molecular imaging application was developed to characterize the drug distribution on CYPHER? and NEVO? Drug-eluting Stents using MALDI Qq-ToF analytical methodology. The coating matrix, laser energy, laser frequency, spatial resolution (related to rastering speed) and mass spectrometer parameters were optimized to analyze drug distribution in both durable and biodegradable polymer matrices. The developed method was extended to generate data from stents explanted from porcine coronary arteries. Due to the method's intrinsic specificity, it offers a significant advantage over other techniques in that it allows low-level detection of the target molecule without biological interferences from the blood or tissue. The method is also capable of detecting drug-related degradation products both from the finished stent product and from explanted stents.     

Time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled to a position sensitive detection

In this article we present the first results that we have obtained with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled to a position sensitive detector. This new spectrometer provides a three-dimensional imaging (X and Y positions and time-of-flight) of the ion packet on the detector, with a high acquisition rate and a high resolution on both the mass and the position. This new apparatus is used to measure the electric deflection of PABA (p-amino benzoic acid) and PABA dimer beams and to study the kinetic energy release of the photofragmentation of the PABA dimer.     

临边成像光谱仪信噪比分析及实验研究

临边成像光谱仪是一种对大气遥感探测有重要研究和应用价值的新型空间光学遥感仪器。信噪比是定量评价成像光谱仪成像质量和辐射性能的的一项重要指标,信噪比的估算和测量对成像光谱仪的研制至关重要。针对临边成像光谱仪从辐射传输和能量转换角度,建立了信噪比模型,推导了色散型临边成像光谱仪信噪比计算公式,编制了信噪比快速计算程序。利用大气辐射传输软件MODTRAN 4.0模拟计算出在典型观测条件下仪器入瞳光谱辐亮度,从理论上估算了已研制成的临边成像光谱仪原理样机在典型观测条件下的信噪比。结果表明,在典型观测条件下原理样机的信噪比不低于8。作为实验验证,利用内照明积分球光源对临边成像光谱仪原理样机进行了信噪比测量,测量结果证实了理论模型的正确性。     

Design and performance analysis of a compact magnetic proton recoil spectrometer for DT neutrons

A magnetic proton recoil (MPR) spectrometer is a novel instrument with superior performance, including high energy resolution, high count rate and good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for measurements of neutron spectra from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments and high power Tokomaks. In this work, the design of a compact MPR spectrometer (cMPR) was evaluated for deuteron-tritium (DT) neutron spectroscopy. The characteristics of the spectrometer were analyzed using 2-D beam transport simulations, 3-D particle transport calculations and Monte-Carlo simulations. Based on the theoretical results, an instrument design that satisfies special experimental requirements is proposed. The energy resolution and efficiency of the spectrometer are also evaluated. The results indicate that the proposed cMPR spectrometer would achieve a detection efficiency and energy resolution of approximately 10<'-8> and 4%, respectively, for DT neutrons.     

Optical system design of the Dyson imaging spectrometer based on the Fery prism

Imaging spectrometer has obtained wide development since rich feature information can be obtained by it; now, we focus on its high spectral resolution and miniaturization. In this paper, we design the Dyson imaging spectrometer system based on Fery prism. The average spectral resolution is 4.3 nm and the structure of the total length is 229 mm. It is a small, high-spectrometer imaging system. The front and rear surface of the traditional prism are plane, but the surfaces of the Fery prism are spherical, which can provide some optical power to realize imaging function and produce the dispersion effect. The Fery prism does not need to be placed in the parallel optical path, which simplifies the collimator lens and the imaging lens and are necessary in the prism spectrometer, making it possible to obtain a compact spectrometer. Full-spectrum transmittance of the prism is up to 94 %. Compared to the convex grating, the energy efficiency is greatly improved, and the free spectral range is wider, and its dispersion will not bring higher-order spectral aliasing problem. The small high spectrometer only includes two components. Its spectral range is from 400 to 1000 nm, covering the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared. The various aberrations of the typical spectrum are corrected. The spectrometer is excellent in performance.     

基于AOTF的成像光谱仪及其在同色异谱目标鉴别中的应用

为了同时获得同色异谱目标的光谱信息和空间分布信息,设计了基于声光可调谐滤波器(acousto-optic tunable filter, AOTF)的成像光谱仪,主要包括前置成像透镜组、AOTF滤光成像模块、AOTF驱动器、CCD图像检测器、图像采集卡和计算机。在计算机的控制下,实现波长的快速扫描,获取每个设定波段下的灰度图像,构建一个光谱图像立方体,因此可以获得图像中任意一点的光谱信息。所设计的成像光谱仪,光谱范围为550 ～1 000 nm,光谱分辨率2.6 nm(@632 nm),光谱扫描速度快,任意两个波长之间的切换时间小于80 μs,整个仪器无机械运动部件,功耗低,抗振能力强。利用该仪器对真假玫瑰花进行了鉴别试验,对涂改物证进行了信息复原实验,并成功地辨别出真假玫瑰花和复原出涂改物证,证实了该成像光谱仪具有优异的同色异谱目标鉴别本领,在同色异谱物质的鉴别上具有广阔的应用前景。     

成像光谱仪的光学系统设计

成像光谱仪是一种“图谱合一”的光学遥感仪器 ,以获取地球目标的详细光谱景像为目的 ,如陆地、海洋的辐射信息及大气等方面的监测等。成像光谱仪的特点是成像光谱段多、谱段不连续、位置重叠等 ,并同时存在有图像分辨率和光谱分辨率的问题 ,其光学系统是非常复杂的 ,且所要求的光谱分辨率比图像分辨率要高。详细介绍了成像光谱仪的光学系统原理、光学系统设计方法及组成部分。根据现有的技术条件 ,给出了合理的结构和设计结果 ,设计思想新颖适用     

干涉型计算层析成像光谱仪的实现方法

提出了一种干涉型计算层析成像光谱仪(CTII)原理及实现方法。CTII把空间调制式傅里叶变换成像光谱仪(FTIS)的原理与计算层析成像光谱仪(CTIS)的原理巧妙结合,因此整个系统在原理上具有高灵敏度、高光谱分辨率,以及高空间分辨率。分析和讨论了CTII的工作原理,给出了一种实用CTII的光路结构;对典型目标的投影图像进行实验,实验结果验证了本方法的可行性。     

宽波段高分辨率小型紫外成像光谱仪光学系统研究

结合小型紫外光谱仪器设计原理对紫外成像光谱仪进行了研究。以离轴抛物镜为望远镜,超环面光栅为成像光谱系统设计了系统方案;该光学系统的优化设计就是对超环面光栅的参数设计。分析了光栅的光程函数和像差方程,总结了单超环面光栅结构的完善聚焦条件和完善成像条件;这两种条件无法在代数计算下得到完善代数解,限制了光谱仪的工作波段和视场,引入遗传算法解决了这个问题。以一工作波段为200~280 nm的日盲紫外成像光谱仪为例对设计理论进行验证,根据优化理论计算了初始结构最优解并进行光线追迹模拟,成功得到了F数为5.7,焦距为102 mm,全视场全波段调制传递函数值在奈奎斯特频率(20 lp·mm-1)下大于0.65的高分辨率成像光谱仪光学系统。设计结果表明这种光学系统设计理论适用于小型宽波段高分辨率紫外成像光谱仪。