中国散裂中子源反角白光中子束流参数的初步测量

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)已于2018年5月建设完工,随后进行了试运行.其中的反角白光中子束线(Back-n)可用于中子核数据测量、中子物理研究和核技术应用等多方面的实验.本文报道对该中子束的品质参数测量实验过程以及最终实验结果.实验主要采用中子飞行时间法,利用~(235)U,~(238)U裂变室和~6Li-Si探测器测量了中子能谱和中子注量率,又利用闪烁体-互补金属氧化物半导体探测系统测量了中子束斑的剖面,得到了该束线的初步实验测量结果.其中白光中子的全能谱测量范围eV—100 MeV,给出了不确定度分析;给出了中子注量率两个实验厅位置的满功率值;给出了白光中子在直径60 mm情况下的全能区束斑.通过与模拟结果的比较探讨了以上结果的合理性,并提出了改进计划.这些实验结果为以后该束线的核数据测量和探测器标定实验奠定了基础.     

中国散裂中子源反角白光中子源T0信号的精确扇出方法

反角白光中子源位于中国散裂中子源(CSNS),是以不同中子能量下的核数据测量为目标的大型物理实验装置,中子的能量是通过中子飞行时间(TOF)来获取的.实验中,将质子束流轰击钨靶的时刻作为TOF的起始时刻(T0),相应的电子学信号被用于触发整个电子学系统的运行.为了保证TOF测量的准确性和电子学系统各通道采集的同步性,需...     

中国散裂中子源反角白光中子源束内伽马射线研究

在基于白光中子源的中子核反应测量中,伴随中子束的伽马射线是重要的实验本底之一.本文对中国散裂中子源反角白光中子源的束内伽马射线进行了研究.通过蒙特卡罗模拟,得到了伽马射线的能量分布和时间结构.通过直接测量和间接测量两种方法测得低能中子区的束内伽马射线的时间结构.直接测量实验中,将载6Li的ZnS(Ag)闪烁体探测器置于束流线上,通过飞行时间法直接测量束内的中子和伽马射线的时间结构,并利用波形甄别技术进行粒子鉴别.间接测量法是将铅样品置于束流线上,利用C6D6闪烁体探测器测量样品上的散射伽马射线,从而得到入射伽马射线的时间结构.实验测量结果与模拟结果在12μs—2.0 ms的时间区间内具有较好的一致性.     

基于中国散裂中子源反角白光中子束线的天然锂中子全截面测量

锂是熔盐堆燃料载体盐的主要材料之一,其中子核反应截面数据是熔盐堆芯中子物理设计及堆芯长期安全运行中的重要基础数据.本工作基于中国散裂中子源反角白光中子束线(CSNS Back-n)飞行时间谱仪,利用中子全截面测量谱仪(NTOX),采用透射法测量了天然锂中子全截面.实验中,中子飞行距离约为76.0 m,采用15.0 mm和8.00 mm两种厚度的天然锂金属样品,在0.4 e V—20 Me V中子能量范围内测得了统计计数较好的中子全截面.特别是在ke V及以下能区增补了实验数据,为锂的核数据评价工作提供了更加丰富和可靠的实验数据.在此基础上,采用1/v律和R矩阵理论对Me V以下能区的新测量数据进行了理论分析,获得了7Li和6Li在260 ke V能量附近的中子共振参数.     

基于反角白光中子源次级质子的探测器标定

目前国内外的质子标定终端较少,且普遍为单能质子束流.基于中国散裂中子源的反角白光中子源的e V—200 M e V中子能量区间的白光中子束流,以及中子与氢的1H(n,el)反应,可以获得宽能谱的能量连续次级质子.利用1 GSps采样率、12 bit的波形数字化获取系统采集探测器输出波形信号,通过对波形信号的分析,得到中...     

中国散裂中子源在大气中子单粒子效应研究中的应用评估

由于缺少可用的散裂中子源,多年来我国在大气中子单粒子效应方面主要依靠模拟仿真和单能中子试验的方式开展研究.随着中国散裂中子源(CSNS)通过国家验收,基于CSNS开展大气中子单粒子效应研究成为可能.本文利用CSNS反角白光中子源开展多款静态随机存取存储器器件的中子单粒子效应试验,并与早期开展的高原大气试验结果进行对比,对CSNS在大气中子单粒子效应研究中的应用进行评估.结果表明,相同器件在CSNS反角白光中子源测得的单粒子翻转截面小于大气试验的结果,且不同器件的翻转截面与特征尺寸没有明显的单调关系.分析得到前者由于CSNS反角白光中子谱偏软;后者由于特征尺寸降低导致的临界电荷变小和灵敏体积变小对截面的贡献是竞争关系.针对截面偏小的问题,根据能谱差异分析了中子能量阈值对器件翻转截面的影响,发现能量阈值取12MeV进行计算时,器件在CSNS反角白光中子源和高原大气中子环境中能够得到较一致的截面.研究结果表明CSNS反角白光中子源能够用于加速大气中子单粒子效应试验.考虑到CSNS的运行功率正在逐步提高,且多条规划中的白光中子束线与大气中子能谱更为接近,预期未来CSNS将能更好地应用于大气中子单粒子效应研究.     

CSNS加速器真空控制系统的设计与实现

中国散裂中子源（CSNS）加速器真空控制系统负责真空数据采集、设备监控和闸板阀控制与联锁,是设备运行和故障诊断以及超高真空保持的重要保障。本文介绍了加速器真空需求,基于实验物理及工业控制系统EPICS软件框架的真空控制系统设计与实现,使用横河可编程逻辑控制器PLC控制与联锁设备,摩莎MOXA工控机监测真空状态,EPICS PV数据直接进入声音报警系统和历史数据库系统,为工作人员及时发现和处理问题、进行后续数据分析和机器研究等提供了便捷途径和可靠保障。目前,该系统已完成现场安装和调试,并已正式投入运行。运行结果表明,该系统具有稳定性好、可靠性高、人机交互友好的特点,很好地满足了加速器真空控制系统运行的需要。     

TMSR白光中子源本底屏蔽设计

为了满足钍基熔盐堆对核数据的需求,中国科学院上海应用物理研究所自行设计并建造了紧凑型的15 MeV电子加速器驱动的白光中子源。电子直线加速器、中子产生靶以及探测器系统处于同一个实验大厅,中子/伽马射线本底较高,原有屏蔽并不能满足在低能区进行热中子物理实验测量的低中子本底需求。为了降低热中子本底,提高在热区的测量能力,需要对中子源进行局部屏蔽。根据调试运行经验以及模拟计算结果,分析了中子伽马射线本底的来源,利用MCNP5模拟计算了混凝土、铅、含硼聚乙烯对中子/伽马射线的屏蔽效果,优化设计了局部屏蔽方案。模拟计算结果显示,该屏蔽方案可将热中子本底降低三个量级,伽马本底降低两个量级。屏蔽后的实验测量结果表明,探测器处的有效热中子与本底热中子的比值达到约100:1,屏蔽效果显著,为后续在热中子能区顺利开展中子物理测量实验奠定了基础。     

基于深度学习的CSNS加速器预警系统样机

为了能在中国散裂中子源（CSNS）加速器的部分故障发生前发出预警信息,利用深度学习建立了基于CSNS加速器真空度和漂移管直线加速器（DTL）温度的特征模型,开发了一套CSNS加速器预警系统样机。该样机基于实验物理及工业控制系统（EPICS）架构搭建,主要由训练、识别和信息发布3部分组成,采用Python进行程序设计开发,实现了训练样本获取、深度学习网络设计和训练、在线识别和信息发布等功能。测试结果表明,该样机对基于CSNS加速器真空度和DTL温度历史数据生成的测试集的准确率达98.4%,且能根据实时数据识别出CSNS加速器真空度和DTL温度的异常,并能发出预警信息,证明了其可行性和有效性。     

中国散裂中子源4K低温恒温器研制及测试

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)中子谱仪的运行离不开低温设备提供的低温样品环境,考虑到中子散射的特殊性,样品处不能放置温度计,所以需要对样品温度进行校核。校核结果显示部分低温恒温器样品座测点温度与实际样品温度存在差值。针对该问题,对样品区域进行热工分析及建模求解后,给出了样品区匀温恒温器设计方案。据此CSNS样品环境组设计组装了一套匀温恒温器,该恒温器的温度测试结果显示,4～300 K之间样品温度与测点温度差值在±3 K之内,另外也对300～800 K之间减少样品温差的方案进行了计算和测试。样品区匀温恒温器的研制满足了CSNS对样品测温准确的要求,也对类似设备的匀温方案提供了一定参考,有助于大科学装置设备的国产化。     

First neutron Bragg-edge imaging experimental results at CSNS

The neutron Bragg-edge imaging is expected to be a new non-destructive energy-resolved neutron imaging technique for quantitatively two-dimensional or three-dimensional visualizing crystallographic information in a bulk material, which could be benefited from pulsed neutron source. Here we build a Bragg-edge imaging system on the General Purpose Powder Diffractometer at the China Spallation Neutron Source. The residual strain mapping of a bent Q235 ferrite steel sample has been achieved with a spectral resolution of 0.15% by the time-of-flight neutron Bragg-edge imaging on this system. The results show its great potential applications in materials science and engineering.     

CSNS RCS射频系统双谐波模式低电平控制模拟实验

介绍了中国散裂中子源/快循环质子同步加速器一期工程(CSNS-Ⅰ/RCS)拟采用的双谐波加速方案。针对该方案需要在加速周期内对8个射频腔之一进行工作模式切换的特殊要求,对设计实现的基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）技术的数字化低电平控制系统采取了一系列优化措施,包括模式切换时段控制回路的开环、功率源两级调谐回路的错时闭环等。在射频系统样机平台开展的模拟实验表明该低电平控制系统动态性能良好,双谐波方案可行性得到了一定程度的验证。     

中国散裂中子源直线加速器束流流强测量系统

介绍了中国散裂中子源(CSNS)直线加速器(Linac)采用的自主研制的束流变压器(BCT)系统。根据CSNS Linac的束流参数、加速器管道的横向孔径和纵向空间,专门设计了BCT进行束流宏脉冲流强的测量。在CSNS Linac试运行阶段成功地测量到了负氢粒子束流的宏脉冲信息,给调束运行提供了有利的保障和支撑。     

Control system for the CSNS ion source test stand

A penning plasma surface H-ion source test stand for the CSNS has just been constructed at the IHEP.In order to achieve a safe and reliable system,nearly all devices of the ion source are designed to have the capability of both local and remote operation function.The control system consists of PLCs and EPICS real-time software tools separately serving device control and monitoring,PLC integration and OPI support.This paper summarizes the hardware and software implementation satisfying the requirements of the ion source control system.     

Control system for the CSNS ion source test stand

A penning plasma surface H- ion source test stand for the CSNS has just been constructed at the IHEP. In order to achieve a safe and reliable system, nearly all devices of the ion source are designed to have the capability of both local and remote operation function. The control system consists of PLCs and EPICS real-time software tools separately serving device control and monitoring, PLC integration and OPI support. This paper summarizes the hardware and software implementation satisfying the requirements of the ion source control system.     

Proposal for muon and white neutron sources at CSNS

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a large scientific facility with the main purpose of serving multidisciplinary research on material characterization using neutron scattering techniques. The accelerator system is to provide a proton beam of 120 kW with a repetition rate of 25 Hz initially (CSNSⅠ), progressively upgradeable to 240 kW (CSNS-Ⅱ) and 500 kW (CSNS-Ⅱ'). In addition to serving as a driving source for the spallation target, the proton beam can be exploited for serving additional functions both in fundamental and applied research. The expanded scientific application based on pulsed muons and fast neutrons is especially attractive in the overall consideration of CSNS upgrade options. A second target station that houses a muon-generating target and a fast-neutron-generating target in tandem, intercepting and removing a small part of the proton beam for the spallation target, is proposed. The muon and white neutron sources are operated principally in parasitic mode, leaving the main part of the beam directed to the spallation target. However, it is also possible to deliver the proton beam to the second target station in a dedicated mode for some special applications. Within the dual target configuration, the thin muon target placed upstream of the fast-neutron target will consume only about 5% of the beam traversed; the majority of the beam is used for fast-neutron production. A proton beam with a beam power of about 60 kW, an energy of 1.6 GeV and a repetition rate of 12.5 Hz will make the muon source and the white neutron source very attractive to multidisciplinary researchers.     

Proposal for muon and white neutron sources at CSNS

The China Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS） is a large scientific facility with the main purpose of serving multidisciplinary research on material characterization using neutron scattering techniques. The accelerator system is to provide a proton beam of 120 kW with a repetition rate of 25 Hz initially （CSNSⅠ）, progressively upgradeable to 240 kW （CSNS-Ⅱ） and 500 kW （CSNS-Ⅱ＇）. In addition to serving as a driving source for the spallation target, the proton beam can be exploited for serving additional functions both in fundamental and applied research. The expanded scientific application based on pulsed muons and fast neutrons is especially attractive in the overall consideration of CSNS upgrade options. A second target station that houses a muon-generating target and a fast-neutron-generating target in tandem, intercepting and removing a small part of the proton beam for the spallation target, is proposed. The muon and white neutron sources are operated principally in parasitic mode, leaving the main part of the beam directed to the spallation target. However, it is also possible to deliver the proton beam to the second target station in a dedicated mode for some special applications. Within the dual target configuration, the thin muon target placed upstream of the fast-neutron target will consume only about 5% of the beam traversed; the majority of the beam is used for fast-neutron production. A proton beam with a beam power of about 60 kW, an energy of 1.6 GeV and a repetition rate of 12.5 Hz will make the muon source and the white neutron source very attractive to multidisciplinary researchers.     

Initial years' neutron-induced cross-section measurements at the CSNS Back-n white neutron source

The Back-n white neutron source(known as Back-n) is based on back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).With its excellent beam properties,e.g.,a neutron flux of approximately 1.8×10~7 n/cm~2/s at 55 m from the spallation target,energy range spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV,and time-of-flight resolution of a few per thousand,along with the equipped physical spectrometers,Back-n is considered to be among the best facilities in the world for carrying out nuclear data measurements.Since its completion and commencement of operation in May 2018,five types of cross-section measurements concerning neutron capture cross-sections,fission cross-sections,total cross-sections,light charged particle emissions,in-beam gamma spectra,and more than forty nuclides have been measured.This article presents an overview of the experimental setup and result analysis on the neutron-induced cross-section measurements and gamma spectroscopy at Back-n in the initial years.