同多和杂多化合物作为抗肿瘤和抗HIV－1药物研究的进展

概述了国内外近几年来杂多和同多化合物作为抗肿瘤药物和抗病毒（ＨＩＶ－１）药物的研究进展。对杂多化合物的结构与抗病毒、抗肿瘤活性的关系及抗肿瘤的机制进行了评述。     

双环磷酸酯基氨基甲酸酯类和双酰肼类化合物的合成和生物活性

双环磷酸酯基氨基甲酸酯类和双酰肼类化合物的合成和生物活性     

氢键的协同效应与超加和性的理论研究

采用3种DF方法和MP2方法,6-31++G**基组对线性和环状(HF)_n分子簇(n=1~5)进行了详细的理论研究.计算结果表明,在(HF)_n分子簇(n=1~5)中氢键有很强的协同效应和超加和性.另外,计算结果也表明在同样的计算精度下,DF方法可以大大地节省计算时间.因此,采用其中的一种DF方法计算了更大的线性(HF)_n分子簇(n=6,9,12,18,24),发现 (HF)_n分子簇氢键的协同效应和超加和性在n>12时明显收敛,n=24时已接近极限,此时的计算结果与实验中得到的固体HF数据符合较好.     

硝酸和铜反应实验的改进

硝酸和铜反应的演示实验和学生实验的常规做法都会逸出大量的一氧化氮和二氧化氮,严重影响师生的身体健康,为此,我们对该实验进行了如下改进：１实验装置及药品将干燥管下端接一直导管插入锥形瓶中组装成如图所示的装置。２操作步骤和现象（１）浓硝酸和铜反应向锥形瓶中加入约１５ｍＬ浓硝酸,打开止水夹Ａ、Ｂ,用洗耳球将酸液压入干燥管内至浸没铜片,随即关闭Ａ。反应迅速进行,干燥管内产生大量红棕色气体,液体同时变蓝。实验完成后,从碱液中取出导管,打开Ａ,使液体流回锥形瓶,反应停止。关闭Ａ、Ｂ,避免二氧化氮逸出。（２）…     

蓖麻油和聚氧乙基蓖麻油的结构和组成的波谱表征

核磁共振波谱法;质谱法;红外光谱法;蓖麻油和聚氧乙基蓖麻油的结构和组成的波谱表征     

2-羟基萘甲醛苯甲酰腙作配体的钼和钒两个化合物的合成和晶体结构

2-羟基萘甲醛苯甲酰腙(H₂L)由2-羟基萘甲醛和苯甲酰肼在乙醇溶液中制得。利用H₂L分别合成了钼和钒的配合物，[MoO₂(EtOH)L](1) 和 [VO(OMe)L(MeOH)](2)，并测定了它们的晶体结构。配合物1和2是类似的结构单元，钼和钒都采取扭曲的八面体配位构型。     

铝和水反应实验的改进

从铝的电极电势可知,理论上铝能和水反应产生氢气;同时,汞齐化的铝片在潮湿的空气中可与氧气发生反应。基于以上原理,笔者改进并设计了铝和水反应的连续实验。     

合成偏氟乙烯和含氟丙烯的催化剂及应用研究进展

由于含氟烯烃在自然界易降解、对臭氧层破坏力小、对环境友好的特性,近年来在科研和工业领域得到广泛关注.偏氟乙烯（VDF）和含氟丙烯是重要的含氟烯烃,主要用于合成氟弹性体高分子功能材料的单体和含氟树脂等.我们参照偏氟乙烯的合成发展史,主要介绍了通过催化,热裂解和共裂解方法合成偏氟乙烯过程中使用的催化剂类型、工艺条件和结果对比,综述了近年来偏氟乙烯的主要合成方法,并介绍了通过直接催化氟化法合成含氟丙烯的工艺技术及其可能机理研究进展.     

电势-pH图的绘制和应用

从电势-pH图可以直观地了解元素及其化合物的某些性质和稳定存在的条件,本文简要介绍Fe-H2O系统的电势-pH图中典型电对的电势-pH线,为学生全面了解其他元素的电势-pH图打下基础     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.