求解洞穴散射问题的带有吸收边界层的有限元方法

给出二维洞穴散射问题的带有吸收边界层的有限元方法.通过吸收边界层将无界域问题截断,得到一个有界域问题,求解此有界域问题来代替原问题.进一步分析收敛性并进行数值模拟.结果表明了此方法的有效性.     

提高高中生对物理问题表征的能力

在解决问题过程中,最主要的是要对问题进行表征.学习者对问题的表征程度不同,问题对于学习者的难度也就不同,对问题完整的表征有利于问题的解决,能够提高问题解决的效率.通过培养学生对物理问题正确的表征,提高学生解决问题的效率是当前教育探讨的热门话题.现就高中生对物理问题的表征方式进行探讨,以期找到能够提高学生对物理问题正确表征的有效途径.     

新课程问题教学法的实践与思考

所谓问题教学法,就是将问题作为学科知识建构的载体,将问题作为发展学科能力的载体,以整体设计的问题链有机地串联整个教学过程,恰当地贯穿于每个教学环节.以教师的问题诱发学生产生疑问,进而提出问题,或者教师设计情境启发学生发现问题,通过师生对话、学生独立思考或讨论等方式解决问题.     

三杆堆放的静力学问题

静力学问题虽然在高考中逐渐淡化,但却是物理竞赛中的热点和难点问题,尤其是从2009年第26届全国高中物理竞赛后进行了一系列的改革,使得经典的静力学问题在竞赛中焕发了新的青春.本文从典型的三杆堆放问题出发,对解决静力学问题     

初中生审题的常见问题及矫正

例举了初中生审题时常见的5类问题,并针对问题进行分析,提出了问题矫正的方法和途径。     

基于问题生成的初中物理实验教学方法的应用

初中物理实验教学存在一些问题,无法促进学生思维能力和实验能力的发展。基于问题生成的初中物理实验教学方法可以解决这些问题。根据实验教学的需要,教师不断生成引导问题,引导学生产生实验想法,进行实验设计,进行实验操作,得出实验结论。教师所生成的问题改变了学生的学习方式,让学生真正地参与到实验中来,满足了学生实验学习的需求。     

诱导提出高质量问题促进深度学习的教学策略——以“力的分解”教学为例

高质量问题是驱动学习的基石,诱导学生提出高质量问题并进行探究是促进深度学习的有效路径.文章提出：基于切身体验,诱导提出挑战性问题;基于互动引导,诱导提出本质性问题;基于合理质疑,诱导提出批判性问题;基于回顾反思,诱导提出整合性问题;基于问题解决,诱导提出拓展性问题的教学策略,并以“力的分解”教学为例进行具体应用.     

问题前置生成式教学法的探索与实践

在问题解决教学模式的基础上,提出了一种较为新颖的教学方法～问题前置生成式教学法．该教学法既遵循了以“问题解决”方式组织教学过程的原则,又突出了教师设置问题与学生生成问题这两个环节．     

晶体中隐含的半群结构

序列性和莫比吾思反演已应用到物理中各类逆问题,诸如黑体辐射逆问题、比热逆问题和各类费米体系逆问题.文章要介绍这种方法对提取体材料中原子相互作用势的结合能逆问题的应用,以及对提取界面两侧原子间相互作用势的界面粘结能逆问题的应用.这些方法的关键是要发现对象体系中的半群结构.     

气冷引线热平衡方程的求解方法

给出了在气冷引线最佳化问题中求解热平衡方程的方法。在寻求终解的过程中,既要解决诸多参量中包含非独立参量的问题,又要解决特解表达式的定义域中既有自变量又有因变量的问题,还要解决多解函数中确定真解定义域的问题。上述问题的解决为最终求出引线温度分布并解决引线最佳化问题奠定了基础。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.