Logistic系统跃迁率的时间延迟效应

本文研究了时间延迟对Logistic系统从亚稳态跃迁到稳定态的跃迁率的影响. 假设在细胞演化过程中细胞衰减存在时间延迟,利用小延迟时间条件下一阶近似方法和最陡下降法导出了系统的跃迁率解析式. 数值计算结果表明,内噪声,外噪声和内外噪声之间的关联促使系统从亚稳态跃迁到稳定态, 而时间延迟阻碍了系统从亚稳态到稳定态的跃迁, 即时间延迟增强了系统亚稳态的稳定性. 关键词： Logistic模型 跃迁率 时间延迟 噪声     

超短激光脉冲的绝对相位对三能级Λ型原子布居的影响

通过数值求解含时薛定谔方程,研究超短激光脉冲与三能级Λ型原子相互作用过程中影响原子电离态跃迁几率的几个因素,如:绝对相位,啁啾率等.研究结果表明激光绝对相位、啁啾率的大小是关系态跃迁几率的重要因素,通过调节超短激光脉冲的绝对相位和啁啾率,可以将态跃迁几率控制到较大的水平.本文研究结果为实验上对态跃迁几率的控制提供了相关理论基础.     

相长干涉：电磁诱导吸收

揭示修饰态原子相干对吸收的相长干涉产生电磁诱导吸收，这与修饰态原子相干对吸收的相消干涉导致电磁诱导透明的情形形成鲜明的对照. 以三个电偶极跃迁构成N型链的四能级系统为例，中间跃迁作为探测跃迁，在修饰态表象中分裂成四个相互耦合的跃迁. 这些耦合源于介质的自发辐射和介质激发态相干到基态相干的自发转移. 前者对所有四个探测跃迁产生相同符号的耦合，表现为对吸收的抑制. 而后者对其中两个跃迁产生正号的耦合，对另两个跃迁产生负号的耦合. 正是这些正负参半的耦合显著改变修饰态相干对吸收的贡献，使之由抑制吸收改变为增强吸 关键词： 电磁诱导吸收 相消干涉 相长干涉 原子相干的自发转移     

光散射谱作为研究半导体材料的探针

本文讨论了半导体材料激发的光散射谱,主要包括传导电子和空穴的单粒子跃迁;具有各种施主态和受主态的束缚电子和空穴的跃迁;杂质和缺陷的局域化振动和电子振动跃迁以及诸如等离子体子散射的集体激发。     

光散射谱作为研究半导体材料的探针

本文讨论了半导体材料激发的光散射谱,主要包括传导电子和空穴的单粒子跃迁;具有各种施主态和受主态的束缚电子和空穴的跃迁;杂质和缺陷的局域化振动和电子振动跃迁以及诸如等离子体子散射的集体激发。     

啁啾微波场中里德伯锂原子的相干激发与控制

运用含时多态展开方法和B-样条函数研究了微波场中里德伯锂原子高激发态的性质,得到锂原子量子态n=70-75,l=0-5的能量,并分析了里德伯锂原子高激发态n=70-75,l=0-5在微波场中的跃迁几率.结果表明:通过优化微波场参数可以实现量子系统从初始态到目标态的完全跃迁,且在跃迁过程中,每个l态都起至关重要的作用.     

基于微观IBM对电子—核散射及核电磁性质的研究——（Ⅰ）BE理论方案

从价核子自由度出发构造出核跃迁电荷／电流密度算符,采用Dyson玻色子展开技术给出了获取核玻色子形式跃迁电荷／电流密度有效算符的一种微观方法（BE方法）。利用微观相互作用玻色子模型（IBM）提供的波函数可在玻色子态空间中求出核跃迁电荷／电流密度,结合电子－核散射以及核电磁跃迁的形式理论,建立了可研究电子－核散射各种形状因子,微分散射截面以及核约化跃迁几率、电磁多极矩、核态g因子等物理量的理论方案,在一种微观sdIBM-2框架下,结合现有理论方案,初步计算^192Os核的能谱、ES跃迁皮色子结构函数（BSF）以及21^＋态到01^＋态的跃迁电荷密度(TCD）,理论结果能够对上述物理量作出较合理的描述。     

Ne空阴极放电中l_(S_2)-2p反常脉冲光电流信号的研究

本文报道利用YAG倍频激光泵浦的脉冲可调谐染料激光器在Ne-Nd空心阴极放电中测定Nels_2—2p态跃迁及ls_2-2p-5s′_1态二级级联跃迁的光电流信号实验,并介绍了我们对此进行的理论计算.结果表明,Ne ls_2—2p态跃迁的反常光电流信号起因不在于能级间粒子数反转.     

晶体场理论引论(七)(八)

实验上发现晶体中稀土离子的光谱大部分来自4fN组态内电子的跃迁,多数具有电偶极跃迁的性质。对自由离子来说,宇称选择定则要求电偶极跃迁只能发生在不同宇称的能级之间。因此4fN组态内的电偶极跃迁是禁戒的。为了解释晶体中稀土离子4fN组态的电偶极跃迁,必须假设有某种非中心对称的相互作用,使4fN组态的态和具有相反宇称的态混杂,从而产生电偶极跃迁。     

类锂离子(Z=11～20)32D-n2F偶极跃迁的振子强度

利用全实加关联方法得到的波函数计算类锂离子(Z=11～20)1s23d-1s2nf(4≤n≤9)的偶极跃迁振子强度,三种规范下的计算结果符合的很好.将分立态的振子强度结果与单通道量子亏损理论相结合,计算在电离阈附近(|E|≤I/2)分立态间的束缚态-束缚态跃迁振子强度与束缚态-连续态跃迁的振子强度密度,实现了具有较大核电荷数的类锂离子量子跃迁特性的全能域理论预言.     

Nonclassical properties of odd and even elliptical states

As a generalization of the optical circular states, elliptical states which are quantum superposition of coherent states on an ellipse in the α plane are constructed. The statistical properties of the states are investigated by using sub-Poissonian photon statistics, quadrature squeezing, Wigner function and phase distribution. It is shown that the elliptical states exhibit stronger quadrature squeezing. The interference fringes between the coherent states form the elliptic annuli of Fock states in the Wigner function picture. The phase distribution is no longer uniform as the circular states. An experimental scheme is proposed for generating equidistant coherent-state superpositions on an ellipse for the motion of the center of mass of a trapped ion.     

Symmetry induced compression of discrete phase space

A compressed representation is described of the state space of discrete systems with some kind of symmetry of its states. An initial state space is represented as a network of states. Two states are linked if some single process leads from one state to another. The network can be compressed by a grouping of states into classes. States in the same class are represented by nodes of equal degree. Further, subclasses are defined: states belong to the same subclass if their neighbouring states belong to the same subclasses. The goal is that the equilibrium probability distribution of states in the initial network can be found from the probability of subclasses in the compressed network. The approach is applied to three exemplary systems: two pieces of a triangular lattice (25 and 36 nodes) with Ising spins at the lattice nodes, and a roundabout with three access roads and three exit roads. The compression is from 3630 ground states to 12 subclasses, from 263 640 ground states to 409 subclasses, and from 729 states to 55 subclasses, respectively.     

基于量子模距离的量子态聚类识别

针对量子系统的状态识别，定义了一种量子模距离作为量子态之间的相似性度量，提出了一种基于量子模距离的聚类算法，它既适用于对量子叠加态的识别，也适合对量子纠缠态的识别。在算法中，根据待识别的样本量子态求取聚类中心，分别计算各量子态到聚类中心的量子模距离，根据量子模距离对量子态进行聚类识别。算例说明了这种聚类识别方法的合理性和有效性。     

Pairwise Quantum Correlations for Superpositions of Dicke States

Pairwise correlation is really an important property for multi-qubit states. For the two-qubit X states extracted from Dicke states and their superposition states, we obtain a compact expression of the quantum discord by numerical check. We then apply the expression to discuss the quantum correlation of the reduced two-qubit states of Dicke states and their superpositions, and the results are compared with those obtained by entanglement of formation, which is a quantum entanglement measure.     

Extension of the Local Approach to excited states of molecules

The Local Approach for the calculation of electronic correlation energies in molecules is generalized to excited states. Within the Local Approach correlated states are obtained by applying a local projection operator on the Hartree-Fock ground state or simple reference states, which are used as zeroth order approximations for the excited states, respectively. In the case of excited states one has in addition to require the correlated states to be orthogonal on the states lower in energy. This is done by using Schmidt's orthogonalization. The method is applied to a simple model of the H₆-ring for which an exact solution is available. The results obtained are of comparable quality as for the ground state.     

Surface photovoltage in semiconductors under sub-band-gap illumination: continuous distribution of surface states

Surface photovoltage spectra in semiconductors are analyzed when the sub-band-gap illumination induces the electron transitions from surface states to the conduction band under the assumption that distribution of surface states is continuous. From analysis performed it follows that the fictitious densities of surface states can be induced due to the wavelength dependence of the photoionization capture cross-section of surface states for electrons and by the electron recombination capture cross-section of surface states which depends on the energy position of surface states in the energy gap. The high illumination intensity (laser illumination), which makes completely empty the surface states, can eliminate the fictious surface states when the density of surface states is not very large, the temperature of measurements is low, and the surface potential barrier is high. Received: 24 June 1998 / Accepted: 29 March 1999 / Published online: 14 June 1999     

Teleportation of a Kind of Three-Mode Entangled States of Continuous Variables

A quantum teleportation scheme to teleport a kind of tripartite entangled states of continuous variables by using a quantum channel composed of three bipartite entangled states is proposed. The joint Bell measurement is feasible because the bipartite entangled states are complete and the squeezed state has a natural representation in the entangled state basis. The calculation is greatly simplified by using the Schmidt decomposition of the entangled states.     

Teleportation of Mixture of Diagonal Bell States via Bound Entangled States

We propose a protocol for teleportation of arbitrary mixture of diagonal Bell states, it is shown that the channel can be constructed with either pure maximally entangled states or mixed bound entangled states. We also present protocols to realize the controlled teleportation of mixture of diagonal Bell states via multi-particle mixed states. Our results show that bound entangled states are also important and useful resources in quantum communication tasks.     

多夸克态研究简述

介绍了多夸克态的研究现状. 主要介绍了四夸克态、五夸克态和双重子态的理论研究. 并列举了实验上观察到的可能是多夸克态的粒子或共振态.     

Teleportation of a Kind of Three-Mode Entangled States of Continuous Variables

A quantum teleportation scheme to teleport a kind of tripartite entangled states of continuous variables by using a quantum channel composed of three bipartite entangled states is proposed. The joint Bell measurement is feasible because the bipartite entangled states are complete and the squeezed state has a natural representation in the entangled state basis. The calculation is greatly simplified by using the Schmidt decomposition of the entangled states.